Papers by Barbara Skwaryło-Bednarz
Agriculture
Plant species and abiotic factors including season appear to be the most important variables infl... more Plant species and abiotic factors including season appear to be the most important variables influencing the frequency of visits by honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). In the present study, we evaluated the activity of honeybee workers visiting runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.) local cultivar ‘Piękny Jaś’. The runner beans are widely cultivated in south-eastern Poland, and are an important forage plant for honeybees in agroecosystems. We aimed at a comprehensive monitoring of the health of colonies and symptoms in A. mellifera in response to acute exposure to pesticides. The most numerous visits of A. mellifera were observed at the highest flower opening of the runner bean. A very weak positive correlation was observed between the number of honeybees on P. coccineus, the number of visited flowers, the time spent per flower and air temperature. The visitation rates of honeybees were more frequent at mid-day and decreased after 15:00. Signs of poisoning were detected in two out of seven...
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering, 2012
This study is based on the field experiment carried out in the years 2007-2008, on an individual ... more This study is based on the field experiment carried out in the years 2007-2008, on an individual farmer's field in Bodaczow, near Zamosc. The aim of the experiment was to determine the influence of different dosages of NPK on the content of fat and homologous tocopherols in the seeds of two varieties of amaranth: Rawa and Aztek. The experiment was started on brown soil made from loess, with high content of P, K and Mg, and slightly acidic reaction (pH in l mol KCl•dm-3-5.8). The experiment was started with split-plot method in three repetitions, and involved: two varieties of amaranthus (Rawa and Aztek), and 4 variants of fertilization with macroelements NPK (kg • ha-1) (1-object without any fertilization, 2-70 N, 50 P2O5, 50 K2O; 3-90 N, 60 P2O5, 60 K2O; 4-130 N, 70 P2O5, 70 K2O). The content of fat was marked in the seed with Soxhlet's method, and α-, β-, γand δ-tocopherol with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The study reveals that the amount of accumulated fat in the seeds of amaranthus largely depended on the variety of the plant and variant of fertilization with macroelements. Significantly high content of fat in the seeds was found at the fourth (the highest) level of fertilization with NPK. Higher content of fat in the seeds was determined in Aztec variety than Rawa. The varieties of amaranthus varied considerably in the content of: α-, β-tocopherol and their total amount. Higher content of α-tocopherol and its higher total amount was found in the seeds of Aztek variety, rather than Rawa. The seeds of Rawa variety had significantly more β-tocopherol than Aztek variety. Fertilization with growing dosages of NPK had a significant, positive influence only on the amount of α-tocopherol and its total amount.
Acta Agrophysica, Oct 16, 2019
Soil is one of the most important elements of the natural environment, it is characterized by the... more Soil is one of the most important elements of the natural environment, it is characterized by the highest resistance to degradation. It is the first element in the trophic chain and may have different effects on the health condition of people, primarily through the consumption of plant raw materials. One of the effects of soil contamination is the formation of excess free radicals in cells, which leads to oxidative stress. Free radicals contribute to the damage of lipids, proteins, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA and also to disorders in the signalling pathways responsible for the broad spectrum of cellular responses. The result of this is the emergence of many diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, osteoporosis, inflammation, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease. However, it is possible for people to protect themselves from the excess of free radicals found in soils and cultivate plants in the best quality soils. The best way to assess soil quality is to determine its total antioxidant capacity using the different methods available (FRAP method, CUPRAC method, FOLIN-CIOCALTE method, ABTS + method, DPPH + method). Such designations make it possible to assess the soil in terms of its suitability for the production of high-quality food or the possible need for reclamation. It should be noted that soil quality may be improved by adding antioxidant compounds to it, which in turn will increase the amount of antioxidants in agricultural raw materials. One of the ways to achieve this is balanced fertilization, especially organic, but also mineral.
Agronomy Science
This article aims to description food security and its measurement method and analyse the agricul... more This article aims to description food security and its measurement method and analyse the agricultural production status and food self-sufficiency in 2010–2020. Currently, Poland in 2020 ranks 59th globally and fifth in the European Union in terms of utilised agricultural areas. Considering the population of agricultural workers, Poland are the first in the European Union. Results of studies concerning the production and consumption of basic agricultural raw materials indicate that Poland is a country mostly featuring a food production surplus. From 2010 to 2020, its level of self-sufficiency to the extent of basic cereals was variable; however, grain production surplus was recorded in the analysed period. Similar observations were made for the production of potatoes and vegetables. Only in some years did fruit production show a deficit or was at the domestic consumption level. As regards milk and eggs, Poland was self-sufficient in the whole analysed period, and the dynamics of inc...
S t r e s zczen i e . Podjęte badania dotyczące właściwości biologicznych gleby pod uprawą 2 odmi... more S t r e s zczen i e . Podjęte badania dotyczące właściwości biologicznych gleby pod uprawą 2 odmian szarłatu (Amaranthus cruentus L.): Rawa i Aztek przeprowadzono w 2007 roku. W celu prześledzenia dokonujących się zmian liczebności mikroflory glebowej oraz jej aktywności enzymatycznej pobrano próby glebowe z tych samych miejsc późną wiosną (czerwiec) i jesienią (październik). Stwierdzono, iŜ wyŜszą liczebnością kolonii bakterii i promieniowców oraz aktywnością dehydrogenazy i katalazy cechowała się gleba pod uprawą szarłatu odmiany Aztek w porównaniu do odmiany Rawa. Środowisko glebowe pod uprawą szarłatu odmiany Rawa charakteryzowało się natomiast większą liczebnością kolonii grzybów. NiezaleŜnie od miejsca pobrania materiału glebowego zaobserwowano, iŜ wyŜszą aktywnością biologiczną charakteryzowały się próby glebowe pobrane jesienią w porównaniu do pobranych wiosną. Przeprowadzona analiza statystyczna wykazała, iŜ liczebność mikroorganizmów i aktywność badanych enzymów tj. dehydr...
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A, 2008
Acta Agrophysica, 2019
Soil is one of the most important elements of the natural environment, it is characterized by the... more Soil is one of the most important elements of the natural environment, it is characterized by the highest resistance to degradation. It is the first element in the trophic chain and may have different effects on the health condition of people, primarily through the consumption of plant raw materials. One of the effects of soil contamination is the formation of excess free radicals in cells, which leads to oxidative stress. Free radicals contribute to the damage of lipids, proteins, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA and also to disorders in the signalling pathways responsible for the broad spectrum of cellular responses. The result of this is the emergence of many diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, osteoporosis, inflammation, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease. However, it is possible for people to protect themselves from the excess of free radicals found in soils and cultivate plants in the best quality soils. The best way to assess soil quality is to determine its total antioxidant capacity using the different methods available (FRAP method, CUPRAC method, FOLIN-CIOCALTE method, ABTS + method, DPPH + method). Such designations make it possible to assess the soil in terms of its suitability for the production of high-quality food or the possible need for reclamation. It should be noted that soil quality may be improved by adding antioxidant compounds to it, which in turn will increase the amount of antioxidants in agricultural raw materials. One of the ways to achieve this is balanced fertilization, especially organic, but also mineral.
PRZEMYSŁ CHEMICZNY, 2015
According to the assumptions of Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development OECD, the s... more According to the assumptions of Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development OECD, the share of biofuels in the global transport sector is estimated to reach 15-23% by 2050. The triticale can be used to produce bioethanol. The appropriate production process should generate as much renewable energy as possible per production unit. Plant production can be carried out in various tillage systems and using appropriate doses of nitrogen fertilization. The objective of this study is to compare the effect of traditional tillage system (TRD) and reduced (RED) tillage technology and nitrogen fertilizer (0, 40, 80, 120 kg N ha −1) on grain and bioethanol yield of spring triticale. The field experiment was performed in the south east of Poland (50 • 42 N, 23 • 15 E) on medium dystrophic typical brown soil. Based on research and calculations, the TRD system and between 40 and 80 kg ha −1 of N fertilizer are recommended for use in the cultivation of triticale for bioethanol production purposes. Such a variant will ensure a sufficient yield of grain (5.190 and 5.803 t ha −1), starch (3.462 and 3.871 t ha −1) and bioethanol (2487.3 and 2780.7 L ha −1) and good agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer (16.96 and 12.15 L of bioethanol per 1 kg of nitrogen (N) applied). The best ratio of energy efficiency of bioethanol production (EROI-Energy Return on (Energy) Investment or "net energy") was recorded for the TRD system (1.138:1) and for the N fertilizer at 40 kg N ha −1 (1.144:1).
Acta Agrobotanica, 2015
A floristic inventory of segetal flora was carried out in abandoned fields and adjacent crop fiel... more A floristic inventory of segetal flora was carried out in abandoned fields and adjacent crop fields on rendzina soils in the Zamość region in the year 2010. This study found a total of 130 weed species belonging to 30 botanical families. The following families were represented most frequently: Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, Lamiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, and Brassicaceae. In the segetal flora, apophytes are dominant (55% of the total flora), with the highest number of meadow and xerothermic grassland species among them. Archeophytes (38%) predominate in the group of anthropophytes. The species characterized by the highest constancy classes and reaching the highest cover indices posed the greatest threat to crops in the study area. The following weeds are most frequently found in fallow fields: <em>Consolida regalis</em>, <em>Cichorium intybus</em>, and <em>Sinapis arvensis</em>, while <em>Papaver rhoeas</em> is the greatest threat to cer...
Acta scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum cultus = Ogrodnictwo
Amaranth is not only of high dietetic (seeds and leaves), but also pro-health, ecological, agricu... more Amaranth is not only of high dietetic (seeds and leaves), but also pro-health, ecological, agricultural, and ornamental quality. The aim of present research was to analyze the influence of cultivar, plant spacing, and diverse NPK fertilization on yielding and Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn contents in seeds, leaves, and stems of amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.). The paper was based on three-year field experiment established by means of randomized sub-blocks (split-plot) in three replicates and included three variable factors: plant cultivar, spacing (two levels each), and NPK fertilization (four levels). Achieved results indicated that applied experimental factors contributed to a substantial differentiation of Amaranthus cruentus yields. Amaranth reacted with a significant increase of yields due to NPK fertilization. The highest yields were produced when fertilizing was applied at the rate of 90 kg N•ha-1 , 60 kg P•ha-1 and 60 kg K•ha-1. Use of the highest NPK fertilization (130 kg N•ha-1 , 70 kg P•ha-1 , 70 kg K•ha-1) was associated with the decrease of the test plant yielding, regardless of the cultivar or plant spacing. In most cases, the experimental factors exerted significant influence on the contents of analyzed microelements in leaves and seeds of amaranth plants. Analysis of partial eta-squared coefficients indicated that the plant cultivar explained the amaranth's yielding variability to the highest degree, while NPK fertilization-copper, zinc, and iron levels in leaves, and copper and manganese in seeds. Manganese in leaves and zinc in seeds was the best explained by the cultivar of the test plant.
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S, 2012
Assessment of Content of Fat and Tocopherols in Seeds of Amaranthus in Relation to Diversified Fe... more Assessment of Content of Fat and Tocopherols in Seeds of Amaranthus in Relation to Diversified Fertilization with Macroelements This study is based on the field experiment carried out in the years 2007-2008, on an individual farmer's field in Bodaczow, near Zamosc. The aim of the experiment was to determine the influence of different dosages of NPK on the content of fat and homologous tocopherols in the seeds of two varieties of amaranth: Rawa and Aztek. The experiment was started on brown soil made from loess, with high content of P, K and Mg, and slightly acidic reaction (pH in l mol KCl·dm-3 - 5.8). The experiment was started with split-plot method in three repetitions, and involved: two varieties of amaranthus (Rawa and Aztek), and 4 variants of fertilization with macroelements NPK (kg · ha-1) (1 - object without any fertilization, 2 - 70 N, 50 P2O5, 50 K2O; 3 - 90 N, 60 P2O5, 60 K2O; 4 - 130 N, 70 P2O5, 70 K2O). The content of fat was marked in the seed with Soxhlet's m...
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering, Jun 1, 2013
A study was carried out on the effect of varied NPK fertilization on catalase activity per gram f... more A study was carried out on the effect of varied NPK fertilization on catalase activity per gram fresh weight of the leaves of two varieties of amaranth, Rawa and Aztek, at different developmental stages (seedling, five-leaf, flowering and mature seed), as well as in the seeds. Amaranth was grown in a field experiment in southeast Poland, at wide-row spacing on good wheat complex soil. The following combinations of macronutrient levels were applied: I-50 kg N • ha-1 , 40 kg P • ha-1 , 40 kg K • ha-1 , II-70 kg N • ha-1 , 50 kg P • ha-1 , 50 kg K • ha-1 , III-90 kg N • ha-1 , 60 kg P • ha-1 , 60 kg K • ha-1 and IV-130 kg N • ha-1 , 70 kg P • ha-1 , 70 kg K • ha-1. The study showed that catalase activity exhibited a downward trend during the vegetation period of amaranth. The highest catalase activity was noted in the leaves during the first stage, ie the seedling stage. Increasing levels of NPK led to an increase in catalase activity. Leaves of the Rawa variety had higher catalase activity than those of the Aztek variety at every stage of development. The level of catalase activity in the amaranth seeds was also significantly affected by fertilization and the variety of amaranth. Higher levels of the fertilizers caused an increase in catalase activity in the seeds.
International Agrophysics, 2009
The effect of variations in NPK fertilization on dehydrogenase and catalase activity of rhizosphe... more The effect of variations in NPK fertilization on dehydrogenase and catalase activity of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere of two varieties of amaranth-Rawa and Aztek was determined. In a field experiment, amaranth was grown at wide row spacing on good wheat complex soil in SE Poland. Dehydrogenase and catalase activity in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere were determined. The results showed that fertilization with increasing doses of NPK influenced enzyme activity in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere of two varieties of amaranth. Fertilization with the highest dose of the macroelements had the greatest effect. Enzyme activity in the rhizosphere of the plants studied was higher than in the non-rhizosphere soil in the case of both amaranth varieties. Significant positive correlations were observed between the NPK doses applied and activity of the enzymes, in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere of both amaranth varieties. K e y w o r d s: amaranth, enzyme activity, rhizosphere, nonrhizosphere
Acta Agrobotanica, Jul 1, 2019
Iodine is indispensable in the diet of humans and other mammals and iodine deficiencies cause ser... more Iodine is indispensable in the diet of humans and other mammals and iodine deficiencies cause serious illnesses. The content of iodine in food (with the exception of marine foodstuffs) does not meet the nutritional needs of humans, and for this reason prophylactic iodination of salt is currently carried out in many countries. Biofortification of plants with iodine can become a widespread, alternative means of supplying iodine-rich foods. In the present study, we discuss the main issues related to the cultivation of plants enriched with iodine. We describe the effect of various forms of iodine fertilizer on crops, such as natural iodine sources, organic iodine, iodate and iodide salts, as well as ways of biofortifying crops: fertigation, foliar and soil application, and by hydroponics. Effective biofortification of plants with iodine increases its concentration to levels corresponding to human nutritional requirements whilst preserving the desirable eating qualities of the plants. Because each species reacts in a specific manner to a particular chemical form of iodine application, fertilization and cultivation methods, and other conditions, the development of proper cultivation technologies is essential to bring about widespread biofortification with iodine.
Agronomy, Apr 2, 2020
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of microscopic fungi, which commonly contaminate cereal grai... more Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of microscopic fungi, which commonly contaminate cereal grains. Contamination of small-grain cereals and maize with toxic metabolites of fungi, both pathogenic and saprotrophic, is one of the particularly important problems in global agriculture. Fusarium species are among the dangerous cereal pathogens with a high toxicity potential. Secondary metabolites of these fungi, such as deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisin B1 are among five most important mycotoxins on a European and world scale. The use of various methods to limit the development of Fusarium cereal head diseases and grain contamination with mycotoxins, before and after harvest, is an important element of sustainable agriculture and production of safe food. The applied strategies utilize chemical and non-chemical methods, including agronomic, physical and biological treatments. Biological methods now occupy a special place in plant protection as an element of biocontrol of fungal pathogens by inhibiting their development and reducing mycotoxins in grain. According to the literature, Good Agricultural Practices are the best line of defense for controlling Fusarium toxin contamination of cereal and maize grains. However, fluctuations in weather conditions can significantly reduce the effectiveness of plants protection methods against infection with Fusarium spp. and grain accumulation of mycotoxins.
Plants
Plant diseases are a serious problem for agricultural crops, the food industry and human health. ... more Plant diseases are a serious problem for agricultural crops, the food industry and human health. Significant efforts have been made in recent years to find natural products that could reduce the growth of plant pathogens and improve food quality. At present, there is an increased interest in plants as a source of biological active compounds that can protect crops from diseases. Important sources of these phytochemicals are lesser-known pseudocereals such as amaranth. The objective of this study was to determine the antifungal activity of leaf extracts of four amaranth species (A. cruentus, A. hypochondriacus × hybridus, A. retroflexus and A. hybridus). The antifungal potency of amaranth extracts was analyzed against selected strains of fungi. The results suggested that the antimicrobial properties of the tested extracts varied depending on the amaranth species and the fungal strain. The studied extracts inhibited the growth of Fusarium equiseti, Rhizoctonia solani, Trichoderma harzi...
Annales Horticulturae, Jan 24, 2023
Laboratoryjna ocena oddziaływania substancji czynnych fungicydów na wzrost niektórych grzybów cho... more Laboratoryjna ocena oddziaływania substancji czynnych fungicydów na wzrost niektórych grzybów chorobotwórczych Laboratory evaluation of the effect of active fungicide ingredients on the growth of some phytopathogenic fungi Streszczenie. Celem pracy jest laboratoryjna ocena skuteczności fungicydalnego oddziaływania azoksystrobiny (Amistar 250 SC) i difenokonazolu (Score 250 EC) na wybrane grzyby fitopatogeniczne (Alternatia alternata, Botritis cinerea, Fusarium avenaceum). W badaniu zastosowano metodę zatrutych podłoży. Oddziaływanie azoksystrobiny i difenokonazolu na wzrost grzybów zależało od gatunku grzyba i dawki substancji toksycznej w podłożu. Testowane substancje czynne nie wykazywały działania fungicydalnego, lecz działanie fungistatyczne, najbardziej skuteczne w stężeniach 0,01% i 0,1%. Difenokonazol działał efektywniej niż azoksystrobina. Obie substancje czynne hamowały wzrost A. alternata i B. cinerea w zakresie od 3,85% do 88,07%, zależnie od dawki substancji czynnej i czasu jej działania. Azoksystrobina nie hamowała wzrostu powierzchniowego F. avenaceum, natomiast difenokonazol wykazywał słabe działanie fungistatyczne. Najwyższy stopień zahamowania wzrostu F. avenaceum zanotowany dla 0,1% stężenia difenokonazolu to 39,75%.
Agronomy
Climate change has an impact on agricultural production, including the greater persistence of pla... more Climate change has an impact on agricultural production, including the greater persistence of plant pathogens in the environment. Therefore, the question arises as to how to effectively and safely protect plants by using chemicals, the number of which is decreasing each year. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fungistatic effect of 2 acetylthiophenethiosemicarbazone (2actpTS) and Cis-jasmonethiosemicarbazone (JTS) against Fusarium culmorum (Fc) on winter wheat seedlings. The influence of thiosemicarbazones (TSs) on the health status and phytotoxicity of seedlings and soil biological activity was investigated. Before TSs application (watering or spraying), soil was infected with F. culmorum (strain No. 37). The substance type and method of its application significantly influenced only the fresh weight of the seedlings. The varying phytotoxicity of the molecules depended primarily on their application method to the plants. The highest seedling phytotoxicity was recorded when co...
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus
Biostimulants are friendly to the soil environment and can effectively improve the plant growth a... more Biostimulants are friendly to the soil environment and can effectively improve the plant growth and yielding. The aim of field and laboratory studies was to establish the effect of biostimulants on the growth and on the health status of Scorzonera hispanica L. plants. The field experiment was carried out in south-eastern Poland on Haplic Luvisol. The biostimulants were applied according to the manufacturers’ recommendations. Moreover, the biostimulants Asahi SL (active components: nitroguaiacolate and nitrophenolates), Beta-Chikol (a.s. – chitosan) and Bio-Algeen S90 (extract from seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum) were applied for the pre-sowing seed dressing of scorzonera cv. ´´Duplex´´. For comparison, the fungicide Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS (a.s. – tiuram 75%) was used. Untreated seeds served as control. Moreover, the biodiversity of soil-borne fungi colonizing the roots of this vegetable was determined. The number of seedlings and the health status of scorzonera plants were determi...
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Papers by Barbara Skwaryło-Bednarz