Papers by Cesar Mauricio Baracaldo Barrera
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004
Aim: To describe plasma retinol values according to age, gender and pubertal maturation. Type of ... more Aim: To describe plasma retinol values according to age, gender and pubertal maturation. Type of study: Comparative, transverse and descriptive. Place: Medellín, Colombia. Subjects and methods: Plasma retinol values were determined in 588 boys and 531 girls aged between 6 and 18 y. For this, we used spectrophotometry by UV oxidation of retinol, results below 0.87 mmol/l were confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Mean retinol plasma concentrations were slightly higher in girls under 10 y. However, above this age, values are generally higher in boys. Plasma retinol concentrations increased with pubertal maturation in both boys and girls in a statistically significant manner. The highest values were observed in girls with mammary development grades 3 and 4 (Po0.05) and in boys with external genitalia development grades 1 and 2 (Po0.05). Vitamin A deficiency based on plasma retinol concentration (o0.70 mmol/l), was observed in 3.6% of all individuals regardless of gender. Conclusions: Plasma retinol concentration is correlated to pubertal maturation in both boys and girls. Vitamin A deficiency in school children and adolescents of Medellín is not a major health problem.
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Biomédica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2007
Lipid and apolipoprotein are known to vary in children.These variations can be associated to phys... more Lipid and apolipoprotein are known to vary in children.These variations can be associated to physiologic changes or the environment; this last one probably induces future alterations in the lipids. The levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and apoproteins A-I and B-100 were compared in school children from five provinces of middle-eastern Colombia. Associations were made with age, gender, body mass index, fitness activity, and food preference. 741 blood samples were collected and biochemical determinations were undertaken with standard enzymatic, colorimetric, and inmunoturbidimetric methods. All values are presented as mean +/- SE, comparisons among groups were made using Student s t test, ANOVA and Scheffe. Lipid variation was observed in the school children, however in contrast, the concentrations of Apoproteins ApoB-100 and ApoA-I tended to be constant. The lipid fluctuations showed some relationship with changes in age and gender, however, changes were ...
Biomédica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2007
Leptins are proteins that regulate body weight. Their concentrations are modified depending on se... more Leptins are proteins that regulate body weight. Their concentrations are modified depending on several factors including metabolic status, diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular diseases. The leptin concentrations were measured in Colombian children and related to age, sex, body mass index, triceps skinfold and lipid profile. School age children from 5 provinces of central-eastern Colombia were examined. Measurements included body mass index, body fat reserves, leptin concentrations and lipid profile. The overall leptin concentrations were 8.3+/-8.9 ng/ml. The concentrations varied by differences in the age and sex, but were equal in children with higher body weight and greater fat deposition. A positive relationship was observed between high leptin levels and high total cholesterol in males, and in females, an association of high leptin levels with high levels of triglycerides. The leptin concentrations followed a trend similar to those of other population groups with differen...
Biomédica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2007
Research in laboratories around the world has documented the contribution of the E apolipoprotein... more Research in laboratories around the world has documented the contribution of the E apolipoprotein alleles to structural variations of lipids and apolipoproteins. The gene frequencies of the E apolipoprotein alleles were compared with the lipid and apolipoprotein levels in school age children. Six hundred and ninety one 5 to 15 years old school age children from the Colombian departments of Cundinamarca, Boyacá, Meta, Santander and Norte de Santander, were evaluated. The genotypes of the E apolipoprotein were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Plasma levels for the following 5 lipids and lipoproteins were assayed: total cholesterol, HDL (high density lipoprotein) cholesterol, LDL (low density lipoprotein) cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) cholesterol, A-I apolipoprotein and B-100 apolipoprotein. Alleles e2, e3 and e4 were found in frequencies of 0.04, 0.86 and 0.08, respectively. The E4 group (E4/3-E4/4), in...
Biomédica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2005
Dietary tocopherols, tocotrienols and saturated, mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids have been r... more Dietary tocopherols, tocotrienols and saturated, mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids have been reported to have an effect on blood lipid profiles. In Colombia, vegetable oils (palm, soy, corn, sunflower, and canola) are a common dietary constituent and consumed in high quantities. In the current study, the effects of vegetable oil consumption was examined by measuring blood concentrations of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) in male Wistar rats. The concentrations of tocopherols, tocotrienols, and fatty acids in each oil was quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Each rat diet was supplemented with 0.2 ml/day with one oil type. Over a 4-week period, groups of animals were sacrificed weekly and blood samples were obtained to quantify TC, TG and HDL-C for each oil class. Statistical analyses included mean, standard deviation, ANOVA and Bonferroni comparisons tests. Triglyceride content was not affected except in the control a...
Archivos latinoamericanos de nutrición, 2002
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in concentration of retinol and beta-caroten... more The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in concentration of retinol and beta-carotene (BC) in blood serum and liver tissue of rats, after supplementation with synthetic BC and commonly consumed carotenoid-rich vegetables (carrot and spinach). Weanling male Wistar rats were randomly assigned in four groups of 16 rats each. The four groups of rats were supplemented according to the following feeding treatments: 1) Control group (0G), 0.2 mL corn oil; 2) Pure BC group (BCG), 60 micrograms RE in 0.2 mL corn oil; 3) Carrot group (CG), 60 micrograms RE in 0.2 mL corn oil; 4) Spinach group (SG), 60 micrograms RE in 0.2 mL corn oil. Analysis of retinol and BC contents in serum and liver was performed by HPLC procedures. The variance analysis showed no significant differences (a = 0.05) in the increase of weight of the animals and in the increase of retinol and BC levels in serum and in liver of the four treatments during the four weeks of supplementation. The correlation analys...
Biomédica, 2007
showed some relationship with changes in age and gender, however, changes were also observed that... more showed some relationship with changes in age and gender, however, changes were also observed that indicate a possible relationship with sexual maturation, diet and fitness activity. An important finding was that the HDL cholesterol value was lower that reported from other countries, while the triglycerides was higher and this may indicate a future increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion. Fluctuations occur in the lipid levels and vary with age and gender. Associations with other factors may be present; however, more research is necessary to determinate the contribution of each factor. A promotion campaign among school-age children for a healthier life style may contribute to a decrease in future risk for cardiovascular diseases associated with low HDL-cholesterol levels and higher triglycerides.
Biomédica, 2007
Introducción. Estudios mundiales han demostrado la contribución de los alelos de la apolipoproteí... more Introducción. Estudios mundiales han demostrado la contribución de los alelos de la apolipoproteína E en las variaciones de los lípidos y las apolipoproteínas. Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia alélica y genotípica de la apolipoproteína E y su asociación con los lípidos y apolipoproteínas en escolares de la región centro-oriental de Colombia. Materiales y métodos. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 691 escolares entre los 5 y 15 años, de los departamentos de Cundinamarca, Boyacá, Meta, Santander y Norte de Santander. Los genotipos de la apolipoproteína E se identificaron por reacción en cadena de la polimerasapolimorfismo de longitud del fragmento de restricción. Se analizaron las variables lipídicas de colesterol total, colesterol HDL, colesterol LDL, triglicéridos y colesterol VLDL, apolipoproteína A-I y apolipoproteína B-100. Resultados. Las frecuencias de los alelos ε2, ε3 y ε4 fueron 0,04, 0,86 y 0,08, respectivamente. El grupo E4 (E4/3-E4/4) comparado con el grupo E2 (E3/2-E2/2) presentó las concentraciones plasmáticas más altas de colesterol total, colesterol LDL y apolipoproteína B-100 (p=0,014, 0,001 y 0,000, respectivamente), lo mismo ocurre al comparar el grupo E3/3 con el E2 (p=0,015, 0,002 y 0,002, respectivamente); la influencia del polimorfismo de la apolipoproteína E fue mayor en las niñas. Conclusiones. La asociación del alelo e4 con niveles más altos de colesterol total, colesterol LDL y apolipoproteína B-100 muestra la importancia de realizar otros estudios sobre el polimorfismo de la apolipoproteína E, su interacción con otros genes, estilos de vida y factores de riesgo y su posible contribución para el desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular.
Biomédica, 2010
Introducción. La leptina es una proteína reguladora del peso corporal que modifica sus concentrac... more Introducción. La leptina es una proteína reguladora del peso corporal que modifica sus concentraciones según distintos factores; ha sido asociada con el síndrome metabólico, la diabetes mellitus y la enfermedad cardiovascular. Objetivo. Evaluar las concentraciones de leptina en un grupo de escolares colombianos y su relación con la edad, sexo, índice de masa corporal, pliegue trícipital y lípidos sanguíneos. Materiales y métodos. Se determinó el índice de masa corporal y las reservas de grasa corporal, así como las concentraciones de leptina y el perfil lípidico. Resultados. La concentración media de leptina fue de 8,3±8,9 ng/ml, las concentraciones variaron según la edad y el sexo pero también, por la composición corporal, con valores más elevados en los escolares con mayor índice de masa corporal y reserva de grasa. En los niños con valores aumentados de colesterol y en las niñas con triglicéridos elevados las concentraciones de leptina también fueron mayores. Conclusión. Las variaciones de leptina se deben a la edad o el sexo pero también a cambios hormonales o a diferencias en la alimentación que deben ser evaluados posteriormente. Por otro lado, los escolares con sobrepeso y obesidad probablemente tienen hiperleptinemia, correlacionada con el riesgo de síndrome metabólico, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y enfermedad cardiovascular que es importante de estudiar. La asociación específica del sexo con el colesterol total, los triglicéridos y la leptina sugiere una correlación compleja, dependiente de las diferencias biológicas y hormonales, y de la diversidad del medio ambiente de vida que deben ser igualmente estudiadas. Palabras clave: leptina/sangre, niño, adolescente, índice de masa corporal, antropometría, hiperlipidemia. Leptin levels in school age children associated with anthropometric measurements and lipid profiles Introduction. Leptins are proteins that regulate body weight. Their concentrations are modified depending on several factors including metabolic status, diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular diseases. Objective. The leptin concentrations were measured in Colombian children and related to age, sex, body mass index, triceps skinfold and lipid profile. Materials and methods. School age children from 5 provinces of central-eastern Colombia were examined. Measurements included body mass index, body fat reserves, leptin concentrations and lipid profile. Results. The overall leptin concentrations were 8.3±8.9 ng/ml. The concentrations varied by differences in the age and sex, but were equal in children with higher body weight and greater fat deposition. A positive relationship was observed between high leptin levels and high total cholesterol in males, and in females, an association of high leptin levels with high levels of triglycerides. Conclusion. The leptin concentrations followed a trend similar to those of other population groups with differences according to the age, sex and deposits of fat mass. However, the
Biomédica, 2008
Conclusions. The prevalence of high lipid profile levels in female schoolchildren suggested a pol... more Conclusions. The prevalence of high lipid profile levels in female schoolchildren suggested a policy of adopting intervention measures at an early age. Other factors require further investigation, such as the homocysteine levels observed in males and the C protein levels in order to detect their contribution to cardiovascular disease.
Biomédica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2002
The physiological demand of folates increases during adolescence, pregnancy and lactation due to ... more The physiological demand of folates increases during adolescence, pregnancy and lactation due to the rapid growth and anabolic activity during these stages of life. The periconceptional deficiency of folates is a risk for the presence of neural tube defects. We studied the stability of folates concentration in plasma and the effect of ingestion of a breakfast rich in folates on the postprandial levels of this micronutrient, up to two hours after food intake. For the stability assay the samples were stored protected from light at -70 degrees C and analysed at time intervals of 1, 8, 30, 90 and 120 days. The mean folates concentration in plasma was higher in postprandial stage (8.9 ng/dl) that in fasting (7.9 ng/dl), which represents a statistically significant (p < 0.01) increase of 11%. This study confirms that fasting is important in folates determination for diagnosis and research purposes to establish deficiency prevalence of this micronutrient in a population. Concerning the ...
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Papers by Cesar Mauricio Baracaldo Barrera