Papers by Balaji G Natkare
South Asia Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2017
“Beauty is truth, truth beauty--that is all, Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know” are unfa... more “Beauty is truth, truth beauty--that is all, Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know” are unfathomable lines added or embedded in the province of meditative thought propagated by John Keats in his one of the most discussed and popular ode, ‘On the Grecian Urn’. The well-known critic, Cleanth Brooks, in his book, ‘The Well-wrought Urn’, precisely comments, “the Grecian has become a graphic imprinted on the urn and mind’s eye like a panoramic view of the higher, noble and pure form of art and other related fine arts”. We look at the green bough that doesn’t shed green leaves and the continuous melody of the singer, the musicians with unending melody, the mad chase of the lovers with parched tongue and burning head. Describing this, the poet is bringing back the life, the virginity and purity of art frozen on the un-ravished bride, and fostered child by Sylvan historian. A quality of permanence is attached to it. An appetite for undying beauty of the Greek art seem to be a whole sole profession of Keats, who must be appreciated and remembered forever for reasons of the principles of dear to Greek culture and for his purely literary commitments.
The present paper focuses on how various circumstances force the characters in G. B. Shaw " s pla... more The present paper focuses on how various circumstances force the characters in G. B. Shaw " s play, Candida, deliberately or naturally, to violate and to observe the maxim of quality proposed by H. P. Grice. To execute this purpose, the glaring examples are selected, examined, categorized and analyzed against the backdrop of the theory cooperative principle in particular and the relevant principles of pragmatics in general. It is observed from the analysis that the conversation is a distinct kind of language usage; it can be considered a special kind of talk where interlocutors as per their convenience constantly observe and violate the cooperative principle while conversing with one another. The characters endeavor to transmit their messages explicitly and implicitly to save their social face and strive to maintain their interpersonal relations. Thus, the earnest effort is made in this paper to dig out this hidden agenda..
Pragmatics helps study how the characters in dramatic discourse produce and comprehend utterances... more Pragmatics helps study how the characters in dramatic discourse produce and comprehend utterances in a concrete speech situation. To study this phenomenon, George Bernard Shaw's play, 'Candida' (1898) is selected as it deals with the eternal triangle in love and the theme of love and marriage. The analysis of the selected examples helps understand the psychological complexities of the characters more authentically. The present paper attempts to analyze the glaring examples of conversational chunks in which the characters intentionally either observe or violate the maxim of quantity in Shaw's 'Candida' against the backdrop of theory of cooperative principle in particular and relevant concepts and principles of pragmatics in general.
The present paper attempts to study the various features of post-modernism and its significance i... more The present paper attempts to study the various features of post-modernism and its significance in Indian Writing in English. Modern and post modern literature shows a break from 19th century realism. However, postmodernism is a reaction against modernism. It voices the insecurities, disorientation, fragmentation, etc. Postmodernism is an intricate term that has emerged as an area of academic study in mid 1980s. It appears in a wide variety of disciplines including art, architecture, music, film, literature, sociology, communications, fashion, technology, etc. It is difficult task to locate it temporally or historically, because it is not clear exactly when postmodernism began. Hence, it is better to begin study of postmodernism with modernism and proceed to postmodernism.
The present paper attempts to study the intercultural aspects of pragmatics as a branch of lingui... more The present paper attempts to study the intercultural aspects of pragmatics as a branch of linguistics. Pragmatics looks language and communication from its practical point of view rather than the study of a particular aspect of language. Pragmatic competence helps understand learners’ ability to make their conversational contributions relevant, polite, and effective, whereas its ‘intercultural’ aspect promotes and extends the perspective of language use and communication in which more than one culture is projected.
The present paper is an attempt to analyze the highly marked expressive speech acts in Arthur Mil... more The present paper is an attempt to analyze the highly marked expressive speech acts in Arthur Miller’s widely celebrated play, ‘A View from the Bridge’. While analyzing, J L Austin’s assumption that every utterance is a goal oriented or a purposeful activity, is considered at the heart. The characters, by performing an intended act, usually perform other acts as well, because each major speech act contains a wide range of sub-acts such as stating, threatening, liking, disliking, agreeing, disagreeing, urging, commenting, criticizing, reporting, thanking, deploring, denying, predicting and so on. According to the illocutionary force promulgated by J. R. Searle (1969) in his typology of speech acts, the utterances produced by the characters are categorized under the five major categories of speech acts. However, considering the limitations of the present paper, the only expressives are analyzed against the backdrop of Searle’s typology of speech acts.
The present paper attempts to analyze the highly marked directive speech acts in Arthur Miller’s ... more The present paper attempts to analyze the highly marked directive speech acts in Arthur Miller’s two famous plays i.e. All My Sons and Death of a Salesman. Directive speech acts are the hearer center; they intend to create a desirable effect on the hearer and attempt to get the hearer to do something with the words. In other words, these speech acts have the intentions or purposes of some sort of actions to be performed y the hearer. This class includes requesting, questioning, ordering, commanding, suggesting, urging, etc. This group frequently belongs to the competitive category of Geoffrey Leech and comprises a category of illocutionary force in which illocutionary goal competes with the social goal and creates negative politeness on the hearer.
The term, ‘presupposition’ was initiated by the British philosopher, Peter Strawson around 1950. ... more The term, ‘presupposition’ was initiated by the British philosopher, Peter Strawson around 1950. It deals with
the knowledge of world and situations in which the speakers engage in conversation. The interlocutors produce
and understand the utterances in a given context because they assume the background knowledge that controls
the language when it is used. So far, the concern of linguist with presupposition is more recent than that of
logicians and philosophers. However, the term is discussed in relation to certain specialized problems, whose
connection with the wider aspects of language is not entirely clear. Similarly, entailment is logical or truthful
consequence ‘It is something that necessarily follows from what is asserted. The present paper attempts to
explain what the logicians or philosophers have said regarding presupposition and entailment in the domain of
semantics and pragmatics.
The present study attempts to provide an in-depth analysis of
the selected utterances in Arthur M... more The present study attempts to provide an in-depth analysis of
the selected utterances in Arthur Miller’s A View from the
Bridge (1955). It endeavors to provide a premeditated direction
into the study of the social and historical outlook of the
competitive American society and helps understand his play
considering the contextual significance. The analysis of the
carefully categorized speech acts, against the backdrop of
Searle’s (1969) typology of speech acts, offers an effective and
useful tool for understanding the play.
Drama as a genre has been studied from various angles by various scholars in the world. Different... more Drama as a genre has been studied from various angles by various scholars in the world. Different aspects of dramatic features and themes are studied by applying different critical theories. However, the use of speech acts in the plays has received almost no attention. Basically the 'Speech Act Theory' is a recent development and this theory has been mainly applied to natural language that is produced in day- today communication. Application to literature has been restricted to a few researches in the academic institutions.
Beauty is truth, truth beauty--that is all, Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know" are unfath... more Beauty is truth, truth beauty--that is all, Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know" are unfathomable lines added or embedded in the province of meditative thought propagated by John Keats in his one of the most discussed and popular ode, 'On the Grecian Urn'. The well-known critic, Cleanth Brooks, in his book, 'The Well-wrought Urn', precisely comments, "the Grecian has become a graphic imprinted on the urn and mind's eye like a panoramic view of the higher, noble and pure form of art and other related fine arts". We look at the green bough that doesn't shed green leaves and the continuous melody of the singer, the musicians with unending melody, the mad chase of the lovers with parched tongue and burning head. Describing this, the poet is bringing back the life, the virginity and purity of art frozen on the un-ravished bride, and fostered child by Sylvan historian. A quality of permanence is attached to it. An appetite for undying beauty of the Greek art seem to be a whole sole profession of Keats, who must be appreciated and remembered forever for reasons of the principles of dear to Greek culture and for his purely literary commitments.
(1955) often tend to promise, vow, pledge, guarantee, etc to maintain and sustain their interpers... more (1955) often tend to promise, vow, pledge, guarantee, etc to maintain and sustain their interpersonal relations. When the characters find it difficult to fiddle with a situation, they tend to commit themselves to the future course of action such as promising, threatening, vowing, offering, refusing, guaranteeing, etc. Commissive speech acts frequently occur in the play and play a major role in building the interpersonal bond of relations. The present paper aims to analyze the highly marked examples of commissive speech acts selected in 'A View from the Bridge ' (1955) and provides a premeditated direction into the study of the social and historical outlook of the competitive American society and helps understand the play considering the contextual significance. The analysis of carefully categorized speech acts, against the backdrop of Searle's (1969) typology of speech acts, offers an effective and useful tool for understanding the play.
Joshi's characters projected in his novels and endeavors to bring out the multi-dimensional perso... more Joshi's characters projected in his novels and endeavors to bring out the multi-dimensional personality of the characters torn between many worlds. With this rare insight and acute observation, he enters into the characters' mind and make them live with their varied hues and shades seldom visible in his contemporaries. Despite the fact that the achievements of established authors like R.K. Narayan, Mulk Raj Anand, and Raja Rao made it difficult for the younger writers to make a breakthrough, he sustained himself with the continuity of publishing critically acclaimed novels and also a collection of short stories. What is evident in his works, an informed reader knows, is his compassion, vision of life and sensibility that is nourished by legends and tales of sin and expiation, peculiarly Indian.
The present article aims to employ Searle's typology of speech act to analyze Arthur Miller's fam... more The present article aims to employ Searle's typology of speech act to analyze Arthur Miller's famous play, A View from the Bridge. The present play has been studied by many scholars across the world applying different theories and strategies but analyzing literary works from pragmatic point of view; especially against the backdrop of speech act theory is exceptional. The article explores Speech Act Theory in order to explore the different characters in the play. The analysis of this part begins with the general theme of the play. The relationship between speech acts and dramatic discourse is justified. Since, there are written dialogues containing speech acts, an effort is made to shed light on the illocutionary forces of typical linguistic utterances and their perlocutionary effect on the hearers. The analysis of the speech acts is based on context, Searle's typology of speech act, felicity conditions and significance of deictic expressions. The carefully chosen assertive, commissive and expressive speech acts are thoroughly interpreted against the existing social, economic, political and cultural aspects of American society.
Communication and society are so intertwined that it is impossible to understand one without the ... more Communication and society are so intertwined that it is impossible to understand one without the other. There is no human society that does not depend upon, is not shaped by, and does not itself shape communication. Communication is considered a social phenomenon because all human beings communicate with their respective speech communities using the language they speak. It is the communication that they establish interpersonal relations. After all, communication shapes the society and culture. Bertrand Russell once said, "No matter how eloquently a dog may bark, he cannot tell you that his parents were poor but honest". This leads us to think that communication is examined in terms of its socio-cultural functions.
Uploads
Papers by Balaji G Natkare
the knowledge of world and situations in which the speakers engage in conversation. The interlocutors produce
and understand the utterances in a given context because they assume the background knowledge that controls
the language when it is used. So far, the concern of linguist with presupposition is more recent than that of
logicians and philosophers. However, the term is discussed in relation to certain specialized problems, whose
connection with the wider aspects of language is not entirely clear. Similarly, entailment is logical or truthful
consequence ‘It is something that necessarily follows from what is asserted. The present paper attempts to
explain what the logicians or philosophers have said regarding presupposition and entailment in the domain of
semantics and pragmatics.
the selected utterances in Arthur Miller’s A View from the
Bridge (1955). It endeavors to provide a premeditated direction
into the study of the social and historical outlook of the
competitive American society and helps understand his play
considering the contextual significance. The analysis of the
carefully categorized speech acts, against the backdrop of
Searle’s (1969) typology of speech acts, offers an effective and
useful tool for understanding the play.
the knowledge of world and situations in which the speakers engage in conversation. The interlocutors produce
and understand the utterances in a given context because they assume the background knowledge that controls
the language when it is used. So far, the concern of linguist with presupposition is more recent than that of
logicians and philosophers. However, the term is discussed in relation to certain specialized problems, whose
connection with the wider aspects of language is not entirely clear. Similarly, entailment is logical or truthful
consequence ‘It is something that necessarily follows from what is asserted. The present paper attempts to
explain what the logicians or philosophers have said regarding presupposition and entailment in the domain of
semantics and pragmatics.
the selected utterances in Arthur Miller’s A View from the
Bridge (1955). It endeavors to provide a premeditated direction
into the study of the social and historical outlook of the
competitive American society and helps understand his play
considering the contextual significance. The analysis of the
carefully categorized speech acts, against the backdrop of
Searle’s (1969) typology of speech acts, offers an effective and
useful tool for understanding the play.