Papers by Babacar Dieng DIACK
Revue des sciences de l'eau, 1995
Une estimation précise de la recharge des nappes est indispensable pour une gestion optimale des ... more Une estimation précise de la recharge des nappes est indispensable pour une gestion optimale des ressources en eaux souterraines. Plusieurs méthodes ont été mises au point en région soudano-sahélienne pour son évaluation, méthodes conduisant à des résultats très disparates compte tenu de la variabilité des propriétés du milieux et de la conception même des outils d'évaluation utilisés. Le travail présenté est une contribution à l'amélioration de la compréhension de la dyna- mique hydrique à l'échelle d'une parcelle. A partir d'un dispositif de mesure tensio-neutronique installé aussi bien dans le sol non remanié que dans des lysimètres constitués de sols reconstruits sur une profondeur de 7 m, une étude qualitative et quantitative de ces mécanismes d'infiltration et d'évaporation dans les niveaux d'altération des roches cristallines constituant la zone non-saturée, a été menée sur un site expérimental de l'École Inter-États d'Ingénieurs de l&#...
AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2020
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Sep 1, 2013
World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2019
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Dec 1, 2010
the writer's project presented in the epigraph that opens the narrative, narrative voice, and... more the writer's project presented in the epigraph that opens the narrative, narrative voice, and the events focalized in the story, the author argues that Child's re-visitation of the early history of the puritans constitutes a lieu de memoire which corrects stereotypical images traditionally attached to them and celebrates their contribution to the construction of the American nation. To demonstrate this, a definition of the concept of lieu de memoire is first provided; then, illustrations of how Lydia Maria Child shapes her narrative in such a way as to turn it into a site of revision and tribute. Résumé: L'auteur de cet article se penche sur la représentation de l'histoire des puritains du dix-septième siècle dans le roman historique de Lydia Maria Child, Hobomok, A Tale of Early Times (1824).Se basant sur le personnage que Child construit, la voix et le discours narratifs, le projet de la romancière décliné dans l'épigraphe qui ouvre le roman, ainsi que les évèn...
This article scrutinizes the narrating instance and discourses in J California Cooper's Some ... more This article scrutinizes the narrating instance and discourses in J California Cooper's Some People, Some Other Place (2004). It argues that Cooper writes within a purely African-American literary tradition that exploits the power of orality embedded in the black sermon to bring order in the lives of the audience, more particularly women of different races and walks of life engaged in a quest for selfhood and wholeness. To show that the narrative voice replicates features of the Black sermonic tradition, its orality is first examined and it is argued that the narrator's language, particularly, in her opening address, resembles a sermon. How character's speech replicates the function of the Black Sermon in the African-American community has also been illustrated. The paper also explores how the character of Eula Too is emblematic of the truths disseminated in the network of sermons that populate the narrative.
World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2019, 2019
Shifting the focus from black women to black men novelists, this work inspired by Barbara Christi... more Shifting the focus from black women to black men novelists, this work inspired by Barbara Christian’s seminal work, Black Women Novelists: The Development of a Tradition, 1892-1976 (1980), studies the characterization of Aunt Hager in Not Without Laughter, Hughes’ Harlem Renaissance novel, against the backdrop of the struggle over the image of the black woman in literary representations. It compares and contrasts Hughes’ character with the stereotypical depictions of the mammy in Antebellum and southern representations and the emancipatory portraits of the black woman in counter-narratives from the abolitionist to the New Renaissance periods. It argues that Hughes constructs a complex character combining features of the mammy but sufficiently revising it to give birth to a new archetype that anticipates the emergence of the Morrisionian “ancestor.”
The oral tradition forms part of the aesthetic pillars of African-American literature and the stu... more The oral tradition forms part of the aesthetic pillars of African-American literature and the study of its presence in African-American literary works deserves more attention. This article shows how African-American creative artists have used their oral tradition, more specifically music, as an index to construct narrative contents, structure and decorate them, thus conferring them beauty, originality and complexity. It focuses on the deployment of the Jazz, the Blues and the slave secular and civil war songs in texts by Langston Hughes, Margaret Walker and Toni Morrison.
OAJ Materials and Devices, 2019
In this work, recent advances in various silicon nanostructures used in crystalline silicon solar... more In this work, recent advances in various silicon nanostructures used in crystalline silicon solar cells for antireflection and light trapping are reviewed. Simulations and optimizations are also performed for the most relevant of these nanostructures. The results showed that nanocones and nanoparaboloids outperform nanopillars and give almost the same antireflective performance, reducing the average reflectance of the crystalline silicon surface below 2% in the wavelength range 300-1100 nm and under normal incidence. This reflectance is also found to stay below 4% for angles of incidence lower than 60° and for the averaged s and p light polarization. As a result, short-circuit current densities of 41.62 and 41.96 mA/cm², can be expected for a silicon solar cell decorated with these two nanostructures, respectively. Finally, we described the formation of silicon nanocones via nanowires by metal assisted chemical etching.
2018 7th International Energy and Sustainability Conference (IESC), 2018
Nanostructured antireflective coatings are emerging as key components in today’s highly efficient... more Nanostructured antireflective coatings are emerging as key components in today’s highly efficient silicon solar cells. In this work, an antireflective structure composed of silicon nitride (SiNx) nanocone arrays on a SiNx thin layer is modelled and simulated. The structural parameters are optimized in order to suppress the surface reflectance and to enhance the short-circuit current density of crystalline silicon solar cells. With the optimized geometrical parameters, this antireflective structure is found to reduce the weighted reflectance down to 0.57% and to improve the short-circuit current density up to 41.94 mA/cm2 in the wavelength range 300–1100 nm and under normal incidence. The reflectance is also found to stay below 1% for angles of incidence lower than 50° and for the s and p light polarizations.
There is very little replication of research in economics, particularly compared with other scien... more There is very little replication of research in economics, particularly compared with other sciences. This paper argues that there is a dire need for studies that replicate research, that their scarcity is due to poor or negative rewards for replicators, and that this could be improved with a journal that exclusively publishes replication studies. I then discuss how such a journal could be organized, in particular in the face of some negative rewards some replication studies may elicit. This work benefitted from discussions with the participants of the Workshop “The Future of Scholarly Communication” at the Leibniz Information Centre for Economics in Hamburg. Comments from Graham A. Davis, Jan Höffler, Zacharias Maniadis, B.D. McCullough, Dan Newlon, Robert Reed are also ackowledged. Email: [email protected]. The views expressed are those of individual authors and do not necessarily reflect official positions of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, the Federal Reserve Syst...
L’approche proposée par le projet existe dans la combinaison des besoins en formation des ingénie... more L’approche proposée par le projet existe dans la combinaison des besoins en formation des ingénieurs de haut niveau de l’EIER d’une part avec les besoins de la DRH-HB d’autre part. En utilisant le système d’information géographique de la DRH-HB le projet a comme objectif de développer des outils informatiques qui peuvent aider à gérer mieux l’eau et qui ont la capacité de formuler une estimation précise du rendement des cultures pluviales dans la région pendant la saison. Afin de garantir des effets multiplicateurs et spin-off, et de disposer d’un nombre suffisant de chercheurs qui travailleront dans le cadre du projet sans exagérer les coûts, les outils seront développés dans le cadre des mémoires de fin d’études des meilleurs étudiants africains des quatorze états subsahariens de l’EIER et des étudiants des Universités flamandes
This paper discusses the concepts of Myth and Nation in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s novel Queen ... more This paper discusses the concepts of Myth and Nation in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s novel Queen of Dreams. Against a narrative backdrop of immigrant community life in America (Indian family moving to the West and settling there) this paper analyses the roles these concepts play in the life of the immigrants. It also focuses on the relation between these two ideas. We shall see how the perception of second or third generation immigrants in America (or any other Western country) regarding their nation (their native land) is based on formulation of myths. The paradigmatic concerns they face and manipulate while trying to understand their nation are also analysed. The paper also portrays the articulation of an existential flux which such individuals or communities feel from a ceaseless struggle between Western value-systems and their traditional Eastern ethics. We shall see how in trying to understand the nation the immigrant community eventually resorts to an Orientalist discursive pr...
This article is a study of the characteristic traits of what we term the mid-century diasporic Af... more This article is a study of the characteristic traits of what we term the mid-century diasporic AfroEntwicklungsroman, a new version of bildungsroman developed in the African Diaspora in the midtwentieth century. It results from the realization of the differences in terms of form between the traditional European Bildungsroman‘s model and the version popularized by writers of the African diaspora from the middle to the end of the twentieth century. It mainly argues that these differences stem from the context and the function of the discourses disseminated in them. It demonstrates that although both the European and diasporic versions are pedagogical in impulse, they bear different forms because the Afro-Entwicklunsgromane, unlike the European bildungsroman which depicts more stages and celebrates the protagonist‘s entrance into the world as a mature being, focuses exclusively on the challenges faced during the protagonist‘s stage of growth as a means of awakening, sensitizing, and ed...
American Journal of Water Resources, 2020
Hydrogeological and hydrochemical investigations were used to develop a conceptual model of the C... more Hydrogeological and hydrochemical investigations were used to develop a conceptual model of the Continental Terminal (CT) aquifer functioning in the Oussouye plateau (South Senegal). Two field campaigns were carried out in June and October 2017 to measure physicochemical parameters and groundwater sampling. The geometry of the CT was established using geophysical technics (electrical methods) and the drilling logs from previous studies carried out in Oussouye region. These investigations led to build the mathematical model under the Visual modflow interface with the Modflow-2000 code developed by USGS. The results show a general trend of groundwater flow towards the Casamance River and its tributaries from piezometric mounds in the central area of the plateau which represent the potential recharge zones. Regarding chemical quality, electrical conductivity varies from 28 to 1314 µs/cm with high variance and standard deviation values reflecting variable sources, geochemical and dilution processes occurring in the plateau. The analysis of water samples shows an excellent groundwater quality. Major ions contents do not exceed WHO standards except Iron (Fe) which are relatively high in some wells. The mathematical model was calibrated in steady state. The average difference between simulated and observed head is 0.009 m and the root mean squared is less than 0.2m. Simulations under transient conditions showed that the groundwater is vulnerable to high pumping rate due to the drawdowns at the catchment wells, which can reach 7 m for 300 m 3 /d. This significant drawdown should be avoided for this type of piezometric configuration where the maximum hydraulic head is around 5 m. However, the model revealed a sustainable groundwater potential for the needs of local and neighboring populations by 200m 3 /d.
Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, 2019
Metal (silver)-Assisted Chemical Etching (MACE) method is used to fabricate silicon nanostructure... more Metal (silver)-Assisted Chemical Etching (MACE) method is used to fabricate silicon nanostructures like silicon nanowires (SiNWs) and silicon nanocones (SiNCs). The morphological characterization of fabricated SiNWs has shown that 5 minutes is the optimal time of silver deposition on silicon substrate. Silicon nanocones (SiNCs) were also fabricated by etching vertical SiNWs with a AgN O 3 /HF/H 2 O 2 solution. The optical and electrical properties of SiNWs and SiNCs are analyzed and compared with those of the bulk silicon. The fabricated SiNWs (SiNCs) reduce the surface reflectance and the sheet resistance down to 6% (3%) and 9.143 Ω/sq (6.997 Ω/sq) respectively.
International Journal of Sustainable Development, 2017
The 'greening' of a host of concepts and the like brings into focus the conceptual and pr... more The 'greening' of a host of concepts and the like brings into focus the conceptual and practical implications of this rhetoric. It is based upon a consideration of environmental issues related to economic and social imperatives, largely epitomised by the concept of sustainable development, which influences the discourses and political projects outlined at the various Earth Summits, for example. 'Green governance', as part of the multifaceted scope of sustainable development, is based on a foresight, strategic and participatory approach to the sustainable management of natural resources, particularly in developing countries. It also suggests a bottom-up approach from the local to the global. The text breaks down as follows: we first note that the essence of governance is to provide a mode of coordination and proceed to analyse what it is. Next we examine the concept of 'green governance' and present it as a method of government, and finally conclude with the normative character of the concept.
Journal of Pan African Studies, Jun 1, 2008
Margaret Walker's Jubilee is an important marker in the effective development of African-Amer... more Margaret Walker's Jubilee is an important marker in the effective development of African-American historical counter-narratives. Walker indeed appropriates feature traditions in the narratives of the enslaved, which she reshapes to create a new mode of representation that will only come to predominate in the sixties. Walker's text anticipates most of the practices embedded in the new body of African-American historical studies and novels on enslavement published after the sixties, which like her work pays attention to the agency and self-representations of the enslaved; privileges description of their community-and culture-building energies; exhibits forms of resistance; and interrogates the myths and stereotypes disseminated in Anglo-American representations. Walker's approach to history has inspired filial African-American contemporary writers. Indeed, as Pettis conjectures, "historical fiction structured in the same manner as Jubilee is also a vital precursor to complex ... approaches to Afro-American history such as David Bradley's The Chanesysville Incident, John A. Williams' Captain Blackman, and Ishmael Reed's parody of the genre, Flight to Canada" (12). Margaret Walker's text, as several critics have pointed out, may well have been the impetus for revisions of the history of chattel enslavement from the Black woman's perspective such as Ernest G. Gaines' The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman (1971), Sherley Anne Williams' Dessa Rose (1986), and Toni Morrison's Beloved (1987). (i) The author's confirmation that enslavement did not destroy the spirit of her heroine is her legacy to female protagonists of historical fiction that follows such as Miss James Pittman, Dessa Rose, and Sethe. Most scholarship on Jubilee traces back the text's inception to the sixties. Indeed, critics such as Ashraf H. A Rushdy, in "The Neo-Slave Narrative;" Joyce Pettis in "Margaret Walker: Black Women Writer of the South;" and Angelyn Mitchell in her introduction to The Freedom to Remember: Narrative, Slavery, and Gender in Contemporary Black Women's Fictions--suggest that the novel's development parallels the sixties. This article argues that in accounting for the revisionist undertaking which Jubilee represents, however, one should not only take into account the significant ideological base of the sixties, because Margaret Walker's text is a product of an earlier period during which the African-American movement of historical reclamation reached its peak: the thirties. Indeed, Walker started writing Jubilee in the fall of 1934, when she was in her senior year at Northeastern University in Illinois (Walker, How I Wrote 12), and she completed and published it thirty years later. Therefore, even though examination of the context of Jubilee's publication--the context of the Civil Rights and the erupting Black Power movements that gave impetus to a wave of neo-narratives of the enslaved--might help to understand the practices embedded in the text, it is necessary to examine the context of its beginnings as well. This is especially necessary since the author herself makes it clear, in an interview with Kay Bonnetti, that notwithstanding the fact that her historical novel was published in 1966, it bears influences of the thinking she acquired in the thirties (128). The context in which Walker began writing Jubilee coincides with the Harlem Renaissance's late stage. This movement of cultural self-assertion saw its fullest development in the 1920s. However, it was still a powerful ideological construct in the 1930s. The development of the Harlem Renaissance had taken place in a climate of protest against the African-Americans' economic and social conditions, of unprecedented development of race consciousness, and of pride in Negro cultural heritage--all ingredients necessary to the eventual birth of nationalism of the 1960s. Writers and theorists of this movement in particular affirmed pride in their Negro identity and celebrated their racial heritage in their works. …
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Papers by Babacar Dieng DIACK