This study has explained the scientific validity of race with biological approach (IQ and gene pr... more This study has explained the scientific validity of race with biological approach (IQ and gene profile) with its criticism in sociology and anthropology. In exploring the scientific validity of race the researchers will give emphasis to the works on intelligence quotient (IQ) and genetic aspects (
Turkey comprises many ethnic groups other than Turks including, but not limited to, Armenians, As... more Turkey comprises many ethnic groups other than Turks including, but not limited to, Armenians, Assyrians, Alevi, Arabs, Circassians, Greeks, Kurds, Laz, and Zaza. These groups are ethnically different from Turks and were incorporated into the Ottoman Empire's eastern provinces with de facto autonomy. The main objective of this study is to illustrate the need for a language curriculum and identify the obstacles that minority groups encountered in Turkey. This study examines three large communities: Arabs, Kurds, and Laz. The results indicate that minority people in Turkey who had poor Turkish language education were unable to learn their mother tongue within the formal educational settings from the foundation of the republic until 2012. Some of the ethnic groups' languages, such as Laz, Kurdish, and Arabic, were started at schools as elective courses, but few, if any, textbooks written in these languages exist.
Sociocultural theories consider language learning as a social practice examines students as activ... more Sociocultural theories consider language learning as a social practice examines students as active participants in the construction of learning processes. This study investigates sociocultural theories' central concepts, which includes peer interaction and feedback, private speech, and self-efficacy. The present study is a case study of twenty participants. The participants for this case study were from different nationalities that demonstrated a unique ability to learn languages long after the critical period. Data was collected through interviews and observations. The participant mentioned about the process and the challenges/opportunities he experienced regarding second language learning. By analyzing the learning practices of other successful adult language learners, recurring patterns revealed similarities, which were then emphasized and elaborated in second language pedagogy.
Language is a crucial factor for the academic achievement of minority people. Speaking the mother... more Language is a crucial factor for the academic achievement of minority people. Speaking the mother tongue in school increases self-confidence and thinking skills, and conveys freedom of speech. Mother tongue is an inseparable element of his or her culture and that everyone has the right to learn his or her mother tongue. The main objective of this current study is to illustrate the need for a language curriculum and to investigate what parameters will influence the development of a mother tongue. This study used an explanatory sequential mixed method, conducted in two phases: a quantitative phase followed by a qualitative phase. For quantitative data collection, 140 participants responded the survey instrument. For qualitative data collection, 12 participants were interviewed. The results indicated that everyone has the right to be taught in their mother tongue. Mother tongue education is necessary for a student to have an equal access to education and gain benefits from education as do others. Mother tongue education has a crucial role in ensuring school attendance, raising the quality of education, and integrating children into society. Therefore, the findings reflected that a bilingual education program is necessary to be educated in mother tongue.
Achievements of educational reform advantage constructivist understandings of teaching and learni... more Achievements of educational reform advantage constructivist understandings of teaching and learning, and therefore highlight a shift in beliefs of teachers and apply these perceptions to the real world. Science teachers' beliefs have been crucial in understanding and reforming science education as beliefs of teachers regarding learning and teaching science impact their practice. The purpose of this study was to compare US and Turkish science teachers' beliefs about reformed learning and teaching science. As an instrument, we used Beliefs about Reformed Science Teaching and Learning (BARSTL) to collect and measure the teachers' beliefs regarding teaching and learning science education. We used an independent-sample t-test to analyze Turkish and American science teachers' beliefs about reformed learning and teaching science. In total, 38 science teachers from the US and 27 science teachers from Turkey participated in this study. Results showed that US science teachers' beliefs about reformed learning and teaching science are statistically higher than Turkish science teachers. The results of this study also indicated that although American and Turkish science education aim similar constructivist views on learning and teaching science, American science teachers hold more reformed beliefs in science teaching and learning than their Turkish colleagues.
The goal of bilingual education is fostering academic achievement, assisting immigrant acculturat... more The goal of bilingual education is fostering academic achievement, assisting immigrant acculturation to a new community, enabling native speakers to learn a second language, conserving linguistic and cultural heritage of minority groups, and advancing national language resources. This study investigated how certain parameters such as the views and attitudes towards bilingual education and curriculum development may affect the development of a bilingual education curriculum in Turkey. This study is significant because it could pave the way for developing a bilingual education program in Turkey. This study used an explanatory sequential mixed method, conducted in two phases: a quantitative phase followed by a qualitative phase. For quantitative data collection, 140 participants responded the survey instrument. For qualitative data collection, 4 participants were interviewed. The results indicated that a bilingual education curriculum is necessary for the education system in Turkey because the population of minority peoples is quite large. Results also reflected that a bilingual education program in Turkey should focus on speaking, listening, writing, reading, and on the development of vocabulary. Universities should open language teacher training departments for teachers who are going to teach in two languages. Examining and implementing elements of bilingual education models from other countries could prove helpful in establishing an efficient bilingual education program in Turkey.
The purpose of this study was to gather data from public school parents that would contribute to ... more The purpose of this study was to gather data from public school parents that would contribute to the understanding of parental involvement with school choice for their children and of parental involvement with educational organizations. We employed a case study approach as the methodological basis for eliciting 22 multi-racial parents perceptions' about school climate and their child's school choice. Our comprehensive indepth semi-structured interviews, field notes, observations, and documents data collection process incorporated feedback from potential respondents from the outset of the design process to enhance data quality. Verbatim transcripts and documents were analyzed using a content and thematic analysis approach. Four over-arching themes were identified; (i) factors that parents value in schools, (ii) concerns about other school choices, (iii) the features and programs that appeal to parents, and (iv) parental perceptions of the chosen school. The findings of this study revealed that parents choose schools for their children for the following reasons. The children were better served, the programs and features offered by schools appealed to most participants, the schools had strong academic programs, a proper school climate and culture were present, the setting embraced diversity and multicultural atmospheres, a safe and secure place was present, and instruction was focused on a small and caring environment.
Bilingual education is globally an important aspect within the educational community in recent ye... more Bilingual education is globally an important aspect within the educational community in recent years. The purpose of the study is to explore perceptions towards a bilingual education program and investigate factors that may affect the development of a bilingual education program in Turkey. This study also identifies the benefits of bilingualism in Turkey. The study employed an explanatory sequential mixed method design, which consisted of a quantitative phase followed by a qualitative phase. Data were collected from 40 participants who were graduate students, faculty members, and K-12 teachers. Descriptive analysis was used in the first phase of data analysis; thematic analysis was used in the second phase. A bilingual education program in Turkey might solve the conflict between different ethnic groups. Findings from both phases of data analysis indicated that people in the research group have affirmative perspectives towards a bilingual education program in Turkey.
Millions of people across the world live in societies where their mother tongue is not the domina... more Millions of people across the world live in societies where their mother tongue is not the dominant language. The purpose of this study is to develop a scale to measure bilingual education perspective and also identify the obstacles, opportunities, challenges, and benefi ts of bilingual education for minority students who are suff ering from language learning. This study examined how certain parameters such as the attitudes and views towards bilingual education may infl uence on a bilingual education curriculum development. This study is signifi cant because we developed specifi c scale, Scale Development of a Bilingual Education Perspective (SDBEP), to measure the attitudes and views towards bilingual education. The sample size of the study is composed of 560 participants included culturally and linguistically diff erent background of population. During the development of the scale, two diff erent samples were utilized. Explanatory factor analysis (EFA) was used for the fi rst half (N=280) and confi rmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used for the second half (N=280). The results of the study indicated that SDBEP could be considered a valid and reliable tool to measure people's perspective toward a bilingual education program. We developed a valid and reliable scale to help researchers who are trying to measure perspective of a bilingual education program in all over the world.
The main target of the study is to examinethe bilingual education program in the Basque Country, ... more The main target of the study is to examinethe bilingual education program in the Basque Country, and identify whether or not their bilingual education can be implemented in Turkey. In thisresearch study, we used a qualitative method including data collection through an open-ended survey and interview that illustrates the issues surrounding bilingual education in the Basque region. The survey and interviewencompassed 30 participants from K-12 teachers and the scholars in the Basque Country. The participants' answers from both survey and interviewwere gathered and analyzed. The researcher coded emergent themes in the survey and interview. According to results, the Basque region over the last decade has established a bilingual education model, which offers multiple options for the linguistic study of the Basque language, and this model is still a reputable ongoing bilingual education system. Since Turkey and Spain historically and politically have many similarities, the Basque bilingual model can be implemented in Turkey as well.
The United States is one of many countries currently undergoing significant changes in educationa... more The United States is one of many countries currently undergoing significant changes in educational institutions, particularly in K-12 settings. Most pronounced among these is the impact of unprecedented demographic changes on the curriculum and instruction provided in U.S. schools. Four other factors are also influencing curriculum and instruction including 1) policy changes, 2) emerging new technologies, 3) globalization, and 4) the refugee and immigration issue. Each of these areas provides challenges for both school settings and teacher educators. These challenges and the obstacles they create must be examined and specific recommendations must be developed for teachers, teacher educators, and policymakers to assist in meeting each challenge. Among these recommendations, research shows that: 1) schools must change the structures, culture, and programs of curriculum and instruction to meet the needs of a diverse student body, 2) researchers in higher education institutions must focus their work to help the federal government, state leaders, and school districts decide upon the most appropriate reforms and changes to curriculum and instruction in school settings, 3) more resources from a variety of sources must be invested in technology-use training so teachers can better prepare students to use technology, especially in the context of new assessments, 4) educators should define and advance an agenda that prepares youth for global citizenship, and 5) the core values of educators must include respect, integrity, commitment and excellence, the promotion of diversity and gender equity, choice, and dignity for all students.
Brazoria County is located in southeast Texas and was a rural area with a population of 14,861 in... more Brazoria County is located in southeast Texas and was a rural area with a population of 14,861 in 1910 which fell to 13,299 in 1920. This study focused on the academic school year 1915-1916; therefore, the county population would be less than 14,861 yet more than the 13,299 reported on the census. The purpose of this study was to examine records relating to the certification and salaries of teachers who taught in Brazoria County, Texas, in the 1915-1916 school year in order to understand the quality of teachers and their preparation to teach. This study found that the majority of the teachers in Brazoria County taught on county and state temporary certificates, thus limiting their tenure in the schools; fewer than 30% held county or state permanent certificates. However, the number of Black female teachers teaching at the elementary level with post secondary education was greater than the number of white teachers, male or female. This study also found that white schools reported higher average monthly salaries as well as the lowest average monthly salaries when comparing monthly salaries. White schools also reported both the highest salary for a single month as well as the lowest salary for a single month. This indicates that while Black school employees were not being paid as much as white employees in a single month, they were not being paid the least amount.
Twenty-five years ago, Schegloff (1989) proposed that repair is the most crucial factor in unders... more Twenty-five years ago, Schegloff (1989) proposed that repair is the most crucial factor in understanding the nature of language development. By observing and examining the repairs children make, not only can we understand repair organization, but also children language development and cognitive stage. Research in syntactic structure of repair, self-initiated self-repair (SISR) or other-repair have gained enough attention
To gain a better understanding of the landscape of State credentialing options related to the tea... more To gain a better understanding of the landscape of State credentialing options related to the teaching of engineering at the K12 level, NAE/BOSE commissioned this paper and study that describes this landscape and provide relevant details for as many States as it is possible to do so. This project includes the taxonomy of the various types of credentialing offered by each State, and it defines these different types of credentials. A two-phase research method was used in order to investigate each State credentialing/certification program. The first phase of the method examined each State credentialing/certification program through the individual State Department of Education. The second phase focused on Career and Technical Education (CTE) credentialing/certification programs that contain engineering and/or engineering design content. A member check technique was used to help improve the accuracy, credibility, validity, and transferability of the study. Each State credentialing/certification program was thoroughly examined through State Department of Education and CTE teacher credentialing pathways. The results indicate that 94.2% of State teacher credentialing/certification programs contain engineering or engineering design content; however, 5.8% of State teacher credentialing programs do not include any engineering content. Each of these credentialing/certification areas also requires a test that contains engineering content.
The right to education is one of the most essential rights ensured by international agreements. T... more The right to education is one of the most essential rights ensured by international agreements. The right of mother tongue education is vital for a child to have equal access to education and derive benefits from that education as do other children. The literature has claimed that receiving bilingual education offers many benefits, such as preserving cultural and ethnic identity and the linguistic knowledge of minority groups, and helps in socialization so that minority group members are involved in the community. Therefore, a need exists to develop a bilingual education program for the benefit of the academic development and social life of minority communities. The purpose of this study is to investigate a bilingual education curriculum scale including certain parameters such as the views and attitudes towards bilingual education and curriculum development that may affect the development of a bilingual education curriculum in Turkey. The results indicated that "The Attitude Scale towards the Development of a Bilingual Education Curriculum (DBEC)" is a valid and reliable tool. The DBEC is a valid and reliable data collection tool for future studies on attitudes towards a bilingual education curriculum.
Bu çalışma Yabancı diller yüksek okullarında görev yapan İngilizce okutmanlarının sorunlarını tes... more Bu çalışma Yabancı diller yüksek okullarında görev yapan İngilizce okutmanlarının sorunlarını tespit edip bu sorunlarına çözüm önerileri sunmaya yöneliktir. Türk Eğitim Sisteminde yüksek öğretim kademesinde bu çalışmayla İngilizce okutmanların sorunlarını ele alınıp değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışma Türk Eğitim Sisteminde yüksek öğretim kademesinde okutman/öğretim elemanı sorunsalıyla ilgili olan literatür taranmıştır. Daha sonra araştırma verileri yarı yapılandırılmış form aracılığıyla çalışma grubundan alınmış ve betimsel analiz yoluyla çözümlenmiştir. Çalışma grubunu Gaziantep ve Diyarbakır illerinde bulunan iki vakıf ve iki devlet üniversitesinde çalışan 71 okutman oluşturmuştur. Çalışma grubuna okutmanların yaşayabileceği güçlüklerin ne olabileceğine dair sorular sorulmuştur. Bu sorulara verilen cevaplar gereken yerlerde içerik analizi tekniğiyle analiz edilip, temalar altında gruplandırılmıştır. İçerik analizi sonuçlarına göre, okutmanlar yetişkinlere eğitim vermek, çalışma koşullarının görece iyi olması, maddi kazanç ve akademik çalışmalara başlama amacıyla okutmanlık mesleğini tercih etmektedir. Okutmanların %55'i kendi statüleriyle ilgili olumsuz algıya sahiptir. Diğer akademisyenlerle karşılaştırdıklarında ders yüklerinin ve mesailerinin fazla, maaşlarının ve kendilerine gösterilen saygının az olduğu algısına sahiptir. Okutmanların %41'i düşük mesleki doyuma sahip olduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Yönetimsel, mali, iş yükü, çalışma koşulları, sosyal haklar ve statüleri açısından sorunların öne çıktığı tespit edilmiştir.
The main target of the study is to demonstrate how the Basque bilingual education system in the B... more The main target of the study is to demonstrate how the Basque bilingual education system in the Basque Country of Spain works, and how it may be used as comparative analysis of a possible bilingual system for the Kurdish population in Turkey. Basque bilingual education models used where minority languages are prominent will be considered, taking into account their historical and political contexts. This study is also to discuss the benefits of Basque Country's bilingual education models in Turkey and what they can offer in regard to issues related to the lives of Kurds in the country. The overall design of this study uses a qualitative method consisting of data collection through a survey used to get a rich data set that explains the issues surrounding bilingual education in the Basque region. This survey involved 26 participants from K-12 teachers and scholars in the Basque Country. From the survey, the participants' answers were gathered and reviewed. Emergent themes in the survey were coded. Results indicate that currently, the Basque Country in Spain has a reputable ongoing bilingual education system. Over the last decade, the Basque region has established a model for bilingual education that offers multiple options for the linguistic study of the Basque language. Thus, as the Basque Region has an advanced and institutionalized bilingual education system, it is logical to study how minority language issues were addressed previously so it may inform the Kurdish situation.
This study has explained the scientific validity of race with biological approach (IQ and gene pr... more This study has explained the scientific validity of race with biological approach (IQ and gene profile) with its criticism in sociology and anthropology. In exploring the scientific validity of race the researchers will give emphasis to the works on intelligence quotient (IQ) and genetic aspects (
Turkey comprises many ethnic groups other than Turks including, but not limited to, Armenians, As... more Turkey comprises many ethnic groups other than Turks including, but not limited to, Armenians, Assyrians, Alevi, Arabs, Circassians, Greeks, Kurds, Laz, and Zaza. These groups are ethnically different from Turks and were incorporated into the Ottoman Empire's eastern provinces with de facto autonomy. The main objective of this study is to illustrate the need for a language curriculum and identify the obstacles that minority groups encountered in Turkey. This study examines three large communities: Arabs, Kurds, and Laz. The results indicate that minority people in Turkey who had poor Turkish language education were unable to learn their mother tongue within the formal educational settings from the foundation of the republic until 2012. Some of the ethnic groups' languages, such as Laz, Kurdish, and Arabic, were started at schools as elective courses, but few, if any, textbooks written in these languages exist.
Sociocultural theories consider language learning as a social practice examines students as activ... more Sociocultural theories consider language learning as a social practice examines students as active participants in the construction of learning processes. This study investigates sociocultural theories' central concepts, which includes peer interaction and feedback, private speech, and self-efficacy. The present study is a case study of twenty participants. The participants for this case study were from different nationalities that demonstrated a unique ability to learn languages long after the critical period. Data was collected through interviews and observations. The participant mentioned about the process and the challenges/opportunities he experienced regarding second language learning. By analyzing the learning practices of other successful adult language learners, recurring patterns revealed similarities, which were then emphasized and elaborated in second language pedagogy.
Language is a crucial factor for the academic achievement of minority people. Speaking the mother... more Language is a crucial factor for the academic achievement of minority people. Speaking the mother tongue in school increases self-confidence and thinking skills, and conveys freedom of speech. Mother tongue is an inseparable element of his or her culture and that everyone has the right to learn his or her mother tongue. The main objective of this current study is to illustrate the need for a language curriculum and to investigate what parameters will influence the development of a mother tongue. This study used an explanatory sequential mixed method, conducted in two phases: a quantitative phase followed by a qualitative phase. For quantitative data collection, 140 participants responded the survey instrument. For qualitative data collection, 12 participants were interviewed. The results indicated that everyone has the right to be taught in their mother tongue. Mother tongue education is necessary for a student to have an equal access to education and gain benefits from education as do others. Mother tongue education has a crucial role in ensuring school attendance, raising the quality of education, and integrating children into society. Therefore, the findings reflected that a bilingual education program is necessary to be educated in mother tongue.
Achievements of educational reform advantage constructivist understandings of teaching and learni... more Achievements of educational reform advantage constructivist understandings of teaching and learning, and therefore highlight a shift in beliefs of teachers and apply these perceptions to the real world. Science teachers' beliefs have been crucial in understanding and reforming science education as beliefs of teachers regarding learning and teaching science impact their practice. The purpose of this study was to compare US and Turkish science teachers' beliefs about reformed learning and teaching science. As an instrument, we used Beliefs about Reformed Science Teaching and Learning (BARSTL) to collect and measure the teachers' beliefs regarding teaching and learning science education. We used an independent-sample t-test to analyze Turkish and American science teachers' beliefs about reformed learning and teaching science. In total, 38 science teachers from the US and 27 science teachers from Turkey participated in this study. Results showed that US science teachers' beliefs about reformed learning and teaching science are statistically higher than Turkish science teachers. The results of this study also indicated that although American and Turkish science education aim similar constructivist views on learning and teaching science, American science teachers hold more reformed beliefs in science teaching and learning than their Turkish colleagues.
The goal of bilingual education is fostering academic achievement, assisting immigrant acculturat... more The goal of bilingual education is fostering academic achievement, assisting immigrant acculturation to a new community, enabling native speakers to learn a second language, conserving linguistic and cultural heritage of minority groups, and advancing national language resources. This study investigated how certain parameters such as the views and attitudes towards bilingual education and curriculum development may affect the development of a bilingual education curriculum in Turkey. This study is significant because it could pave the way for developing a bilingual education program in Turkey. This study used an explanatory sequential mixed method, conducted in two phases: a quantitative phase followed by a qualitative phase. For quantitative data collection, 140 participants responded the survey instrument. For qualitative data collection, 4 participants were interviewed. The results indicated that a bilingual education curriculum is necessary for the education system in Turkey because the population of minority peoples is quite large. Results also reflected that a bilingual education program in Turkey should focus on speaking, listening, writing, reading, and on the development of vocabulary. Universities should open language teacher training departments for teachers who are going to teach in two languages. Examining and implementing elements of bilingual education models from other countries could prove helpful in establishing an efficient bilingual education program in Turkey.
The purpose of this study was to gather data from public school parents that would contribute to ... more The purpose of this study was to gather data from public school parents that would contribute to the understanding of parental involvement with school choice for their children and of parental involvement with educational organizations. We employed a case study approach as the methodological basis for eliciting 22 multi-racial parents perceptions' about school climate and their child's school choice. Our comprehensive indepth semi-structured interviews, field notes, observations, and documents data collection process incorporated feedback from potential respondents from the outset of the design process to enhance data quality. Verbatim transcripts and documents were analyzed using a content and thematic analysis approach. Four over-arching themes were identified; (i) factors that parents value in schools, (ii) concerns about other school choices, (iii) the features and programs that appeal to parents, and (iv) parental perceptions of the chosen school. The findings of this study revealed that parents choose schools for their children for the following reasons. The children were better served, the programs and features offered by schools appealed to most participants, the schools had strong academic programs, a proper school climate and culture were present, the setting embraced diversity and multicultural atmospheres, a safe and secure place was present, and instruction was focused on a small and caring environment.
Bilingual education is globally an important aspect within the educational community in recent ye... more Bilingual education is globally an important aspect within the educational community in recent years. The purpose of the study is to explore perceptions towards a bilingual education program and investigate factors that may affect the development of a bilingual education program in Turkey. This study also identifies the benefits of bilingualism in Turkey. The study employed an explanatory sequential mixed method design, which consisted of a quantitative phase followed by a qualitative phase. Data were collected from 40 participants who were graduate students, faculty members, and K-12 teachers. Descriptive analysis was used in the first phase of data analysis; thematic analysis was used in the second phase. A bilingual education program in Turkey might solve the conflict between different ethnic groups. Findings from both phases of data analysis indicated that people in the research group have affirmative perspectives towards a bilingual education program in Turkey.
Millions of people across the world live in societies where their mother tongue is not the domina... more Millions of people across the world live in societies where their mother tongue is not the dominant language. The purpose of this study is to develop a scale to measure bilingual education perspective and also identify the obstacles, opportunities, challenges, and benefi ts of bilingual education for minority students who are suff ering from language learning. This study examined how certain parameters such as the attitudes and views towards bilingual education may infl uence on a bilingual education curriculum development. This study is signifi cant because we developed specifi c scale, Scale Development of a Bilingual Education Perspective (SDBEP), to measure the attitudes and views towards bilingual education. The sample size of the study is composed of 560 participants included culturally and linguistically diff erent background of population. During the development of the scale, two diff erent samples were utilized. Explanatory factor analysis (EFA) was used for the fi rst half (N=280) and confi rmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used for the second half (N=280). The results of the study indicated that SDBEP could be considered a valid and reliable tool to measure people's perspective toward a bilingual education program. We developed a valid and reliable scale to help researchers who are trying to measure perspective of a bilingual education program in all over the world.
The main target of the study is to examinethe bilingual education program in the Basque Country, ... more The main target of the study is to examinethe bilingual education program in the Basque Country, and identify whether or not their bilingual education can be implemented in Turkey. In thisresearch study, we used a qualitative method including data collection through an open-ended survey and interview that illustrates the issues surrounding bilingual education in the Basque region. The survey and interviewencompassed 30 participants from K-12 teachers and the scholars in the Basque Country. The participants' answers from both survey and interviewwere gathered and analyzed. The researcher coded emergent themes in the survey and interview. According to results, the Basque region over the last decade has established a bilingual education model, which offers multiple options for the linguistic study of the Basque language, and this model is still a reputable ongoing bilingual education system. Since Turkey and Spain historically and politically have many similarities, the Basque bilingual model can be implemented in Turkey as well.
The United States is one of many countries currently undergoing significant changes in educationa... more The United States is one of many countries currently undergoing significant changes in educational institutions, particularly in K-12 settings. Most pronounced among these is the impact of unprecedented demographic changes on the curriculum and instruction provided in U.S. schools. Four other factors are also influencing curriculum and instruction including 1) policy changes, 2) emerging new technologies, 3) globalization, and 4) the refugee and immigration issue. Each of these areas provides challenges for both school settings and teacher educators. These challenges and the obstacles they create must be examined and specific recommendations must be developed for teachers, teacher educators, and policymakers to assist in meeting each challenge. Among these recommendations, research shows that: 1) schools must change the structures, culture, and programs of curriculum and instruction to meet the needs of a diverse student body, 2) researchers in higher education institutions must focus their work to help the federal government, state leaders, and school districts decide upon the most appropriate reforms and changes to curriculum and instruction in school settings, 3) more resources from a variety of sources must be invested in technology-use training so teachers can better prepare students to use technology, especially in the context of new assessments, 4) educators should define and advance an agenda that prepares youth for global citizenship, and 5) the core values of educators must include respect, integrity, commitment and excellence, the promotion of diversity and gender equity, choice, and dignity for all students.
Brazoria County is located in southeast Texas and was a rural area with a population of 14,861 in... more Brazoria County is located in southeast Texas and was a rural area with a population of 14,861 in 1910 which fell to 13,299 in 1920. This study focused on the academic school year 1915-1916; therefore, the county population would be less than 14,861 yet more than the 13,299 reported on the census. The purpose of this study was to examine records relating to the certification and salaries of teachers who taught in Brazoria County, Texas, in the 1915-1916 school year in order to understand the quality of teachers and their preparation to teach. This study found that the majority of the teachers in Brazoria County taught on county and state temporary certificates, thus limiting their tenure in the schools; fewer than 30% held county or state permanent certificates. However, the number of Black female teachers teaching at the elementary level with post secondary education was greater than the number of white teachers, male or female. This study also found that white schools reported higher average monthly salaries as well as the lowest average monthly salaries when comparing monthly salaries. White schools also reported both the highest salary for a single month as well as the lowest salary for a single month. This indicates that while Black school employees were not being paid as much as white employees in a single month, they were not being paid the least amount.
Twenty-five years ago, Schegloff (1989) proposed that repair is the most crucial factor in unders... more Twenty-five years ago, Schegloff (1989) proposed that repair is the most crucial factor in understanding the nature of language development. By observing and examining the repairs children make, not only can we understand repair organization, but also children language development and cognitive stage. Research in syntactic structure of repair, self-initiated self-repair (SISR) or other-repair have gained enough attention
To gain a better understanding of the landscape of State credentialing options related to the tea... more To gain a better understanding of the landscape of State credentialing options related to the teaching of engineering at the K12 level, NAE/BOSE commissioned this paper and study that describes this landscape and provide relevant details for as many States as it is possible to do so. This project includes the taxonomy of the various types of credentialing offered by each State, and it defines these different types of credentials. A two-phase research method was used in order to investigate each State credentialing/certification program. The first phase of the method examined each State credentialing/certification program through the individual State Department of Education. The second phase focused on Career and Technical Education (CTE) credentialing/certification programs that contain engineering and/or engineering design content. A member check technique was used to help improve the accuracy, credibility, validity, and transferability of the study. Each State credentialing/certification program was thoroughly examined through State Department of Education and CTE teacher credentialing pathways. The results indicate that 94.2% of State teacher credentialing/certification programs contain engineering or engineering design content; however, 5.8% of State teacher credentialing programs do not include any engineering content. Each of these credentialing/certification areas also requires a test that contains engineering content.
The right to education is one of the most essential rights ensured by international agreements. T... more The right to education is one of the most essential rights ensured by international agreements. The right of mother tongue education is vital for a child to have equal access to education and derive benefits from that education as do other children. The literature has claimed that receiving bilingual education offers many benefits, such as preserving cultural and ethnic identity and the linguistic knowledge of minority groups, and helps in socialization so that minority group members are involved in the community. Therefore, a need exists to develop a bilingual education program for the benefit of the academic development and social life of minority communities. The purpose of this study is to investigate a bilingual education curriculum scale including certain parameters such as the views and attitudes towards bilingual education and curriculum development that may affect the development of a bilingual education curriculum in Turkey. The results indicated that "The Attitude Scale towards the Development of a Bilingual Education Curriculum (DBEC)" is a valid and reliable tool. The DBEC is a valid and reliable data collection tool for future studies on attitudes towards a bilingual education curriculum.
Bu çalışma Yabancı diller yüksek okullarında görev yapan İngilizce okutmanlarının sorunlarını tes... more Bu çalışma Yabancı diller yüksek okullarında görev yapan İngilizce okutmanlarının sorunlarını tespit edip bu sorunlarına çözüm önerileri sunmaya yöneliktir. Türk Eğitim Sisteminde yüksek öğretim kademesinde bu çalışmayla İngilizce okutmanların sorunlarını ele alınıp değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışma Türk Eğitim Sisteminde yüksek öğretim kademesinde okutman/öğretim elemanı sorunsalıyla ilgili olan literatür taranmıştır. Daha sonra araştırma verileri yarı yapılandırılmış form aracılığıyla çalışma grubundan alınmış ve betimsel analiz yoluyla çözümlenmiştir. Çalışma grubunu Gaziantep ve Diyarbakır illerinde bulunan iki vakıf ve iki devlet üniversitesinde çalışan 71 okutman oluşturmuştur. Çalışma grubuna okutmanların yaşayabileceği güçlüklerin ne olabileceğine dair sorular sorulmuştur. Bu sorulara verilen cevaplar gereken yerlerde içerik analizi tekniğiyle analiz edilip, temalar altında gruplandırılmıştır. İçerik analizi sonuçlarına göre, okutmanlar yetişkinlere eğitim vermek, çalışma koşullarının görece iyi olması, maddi kazanç ve akademik çalışmalara başlama amacıyla okutmanlık mesleğini tercih etmektedir. Okutmanların %55'i kendi statüleriyle ilgili olumsuz algıya sahiptir. Diğer akademisyenlerle karşılaştırdıklarında ders yüklerinin ve mesailerinin fazla, maaşlarının ve kendilerine gösterilen saygının az olduğu algısına sahiptir. Okutmanların %41'i düşük mesleki doyuma sahip olduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Yönetimsel, mali, iş yükü, çalışma koşulları, sosyal haklar ve statüleri açısından sorunların öne çıktığı tespit edilmiştir.
The main target of the study is to demonstrate how the Basque bilingual education system in the B... more The main target of the study is to demonstrate how the Basque bilingual education system in the Basque Country of Spain works, and how it may be used as comparative analysis of a possible bilingual system for the Kurdish population in Turkey. Basque bilingual education models used where minority languages are prominent will be considered, taking into account their historical and political contexts. This study is also to discuss the benefits of Basque Country's bilingual education models in Turkey and what they can offer in regard to issues related to the lives of Kurds in the country. The overall design of this study uses a qualitative method consisting of data collection through a survey used to get a rich data set that explains the issues surrounding bilingual education in the Basque region. This survey involved 26 participants from K-12 teachers and scholars in the Basque Country. From the survey, the participants' answers were gathered and reviewed. Emergent themes in the survey were coded. Results indicate that currently, the Basque Country in Spain has a reputable ongoing bilingual education system. Over the last decade, the Basque region has established a model for bilingual education that offers multiple options for the linguistic study of the Basque language. Thus, as the Basque Region has an advanced and institutionalized bilingual education system, it is logical to study how minority language issues were addressed previously so it may inform the Kurdish situation.
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