ABSTRACTBackground and objectivesThough ultrasonography and color Doppler are well established di... more ABSTRACTBackground and objectivesThough ultrasonography and color Doppler are well established diagnostic techniques in medical sciences, it is not so popular in dentistry. Aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasonography and color Doppler in periapical cysts and granulomas in the anterior region of the jaws.Materials and MethodsThirty patients aged between 30 and 50 years with periapical lesions in anterior teeth were selected and consented for ultrasonography and color Doppler examinations. Shape, boundary, echo intensity, echo pattern, acoustic enhancement and vascularity of the periapical lesions and adjacent tissues were studied. After endodontic filling, lesions were enucleated and histopathology was done. Ultrasonographic/color Doppler findings and histopathology were statistically evaluated with Chi-square tests at p < 0.001. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy of the method were then determined.ResultsNon...
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2014
Adult orthodontics is recently gaining popularity due to its importance in esthetics, oral and ge... more Adult orthodontics is recently gaining popularity due to its importance in esthetics, oral and general health. However, none of the currently available alumina or zirconia based ceramic orthodontic brackets meet the esthetic demands of adult patients. Inherent hexagonal lattice structure and associated birefringence limits the visible light transmission in polycrystalline alumina and make them appear white and non transparent. Hence focus of the present study was to assess the feasibility of using magnesium aluminate (MgAl 2 O 4) spinel; a member of the transparent ceramic family for esthetic orthodontic brackets. Transparent spinel specimens were developed from commercially available white spinel powder through colloidal shaping followed by pressureless sintering and hot isostatic pressing at optimum conditions of temperature and pressure. Samples were characterized for chemical composition, phases, density, hardness, flexural strength, fracture toughness and optical transmission. Biocompatibility was evaluated with in-vitro cell line experiments for cytotoxicity, apoptosis and genotoxicity. Results showed that transparent spinel samples had requisite physico-chemical, mechanical, optical and excellent biocompatibility for fabricating orthodontic brackets. Transparent spinel developed through this method demonstrated its possibility as a prospective biomaterial for developing esthetic orthodontic brackets.
Background: Surface roughness of nickel titanium orthodontic arch wires poses several clinical ch... more Background: Surface roughness of nickel titanium orthodontic arch wires poses several clinical challenges. Surface modification with aesthetic/metallic/non metallic materials is therefore a recent innovation, with clinical efficacy yet to be comprehensively evaluated. Methods: One conventional and five types of surface modified nickel titanium arch wires were surface characterized with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis, Raman spectroscopy, Atomic force microscopy and 3D profilometry. Root mean square roughness values were analyzed by one way analysis of variance and post hoc Duncan's multiple range tests. Results: Study groups demonstrated considerable reduction in roughness values from conventional in a material specific pattern: Group I; conventional (578.56 nm) > Group V; Teflon (365.33 nm) > Group III; nitride (301.51 nm) > Group VI (i); rhodium (290.64 nm) > Group VI (ii); silver (252.22 nm) > Group IV; titanium (229.51 nm) > Group II; resin (158.60 nm). It also showed the defects with aesthetic (resin/Teflon) and nitride surfaces and smooth topography achieved with metals; titanium/silver/rhodium. Conclusions: Resin, Teflon, titanium, silver, rhodium and nitrides were effective in decreasing surface roughness of nickel titanium arch wires albeit; certain flaws. Findings have clinical implications, considering their potential in lessening biofilm adhesion, reducing friction, improving corrosion resistance and preventing nickel leach and allergic reactions.
Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, 2015
Background: Chronic liver diseases (CLD) are quite prevalent throughout the globe. Its early and ... more Background: Chronic liver diseases (CLD) are quite prevalent throughout the globe. Its early and correct diagnosis is always a concern among physicians, especially the residual liver function. For this various substrates like caffeine are being investigated in body fluids like serum and saliva. Saliva as a study sample has its own advantages due to its non invasiveness; it can be very useful study sample. Methods: 30 Subjects with CLD and 15 healthy controls were administered 200 mg of caffeine. Subjects classified into severity groups (class-A-mild-n ¼ 9, B-moderate-n ¼ 11, and C-severe-n ¼ 10) based on "Child-pugh classification" of severity of liver disease. After 17 h of dietary caffeine restriction and before drug administration, 0 h salivary sample was taken. After the dose of caffeine, 4 and 16 h saliva sample was taken. Blood sample was taken from controls only at same time points. These samples were analyzed on semi automated analyzer using Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique (EMIT) by spectrophotometric method. Caffeine clearance values were calculated and results were statistically analyzed. Results: Significant correlation was found between serum caffeine clearance and salivary caffeine clearance (SCC). Controls showed higher mean of SCC value of 1.6 ± 0.2 ml/min/kg while SCC values of subjects were less, with mean of 0.5 ± 0.2 ml/min/kg. Significant correlation was found between degree of hepatic dysfunction and SCC values. Conclusion: Saliva can be used for diagnosis of CLD and assessment of residual liver function in CLD as alternative to serum.
Journal of Pierre Fauchard Academy (India Section), 2014
ABSTRACT Edentulism is a major health concern of old age. Indigenous implant based over dentures ... more ABSTRACT Edentulism is a major health concern of old age. Indigenous implant based over dentures offer a cost effective option for severely resorbed dental ridges. Here, we report rehabilitation of a resorbed mandibular arch with indigenous implant supported overdenture and maxillary arch with a conventional denture. Two ball and socket implants were placed bilaterally in the parasymphyseal area. Existing denture was relined to accommodate the ‘ball head’ of the implant in the interim period. Four months later, when patient was taken up for denture fabrication, the ‘socket part’ of the ball and socket implant was incorporated into the new denture base. The socket provided a fitting surface for the implant. Implant supported overdenture significantly increased the retention, support and stability of the lower denture. Further, it worked well with the upper conventional denture. The simple design and efficacy of indigenous implant based overdenture holds promising aspects in the treatment of edentulism.
ABSTRACTBackground and objectivesThough ultrasonography and color Doppler are well established di... more ABSTRACTBackground and objectivesThough ultrasonography and color Doppler are well established diagnostic techniques in medical sciences, it is not so popular in dentistry. Aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasonography and color Doppler in periapical cysts and granulomas in the anterior region of the jaws.Materials and MethodsThirty patients aged between 30 and 50 years with periapical lesions in anterior teeth were selected and consented for ultrasonography and color Doppler examinations. Shape, boundary, echo intensity, echo pattern, acoustic enhancement and vascularity of the periapical lesions and adjacent tissues were studied. After endodontic filling, lesions were enucleated and histopathology was done. Ultrasonographic/color Doppler findings and histopathology were statistically evaluated with Chi-square tests at p < 0.001. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy of the method were then determined.ResultsNon...
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2014
Adult orthodontics is recently gaining popularity due to its importance in esthetics, oral and ge... more Adult orthodontics is recently gaining popularity due to its importance in esthetics, oral and general health. However, none of the currently available alumina or zirconia based ceramic orthodontic brackets meet the esthetic demands of adult patients. Inherent hexagonal lattice structure and associated birefringence limits the visible light transmission in polycrystalline alumina and make them appear white and non transparent. Hence focus of the present study was to assess the feasibility of using magnesium aluminate (MgAl 2 O 4) spinel; a member of the transparent ceramic family for esthetic orthodontic brackets. Transparent spinel specimens were developed from commercially available white spinel powder through colloidal shaping followed by pressureless sintering and hot isostatic pressing at optimum conditions of temperature and pressure. Samples were characterized for chemical composition, phases, density, hardness, flexural strength, fracture toughness and optical transmission. Biocompatibility was evaluated with in-vitro cell line experiments for cytotoxicity, apoptosis and genotoxicity. Results showed that transparent spinel samples had requisite physico-chemical, mechanical, optical and excellent biocompatibility for fabricating orthodontic brackets. Transparent spinel developed through this method demonstrated its possibility as a prospective biomaterial for developing esthetic orthodontic brackets.
Background: Surface roughness of nickel titanium orthodontic arch wires poses several clinical ch... more Background: Surface roughness of nickel titanium orthodontic arch wires poses several clinical challenges. Surface modification with aesthetic/metallic/non metallic materials is therefore a recent innovation, with clinical efficacy yet to be comprehensively evaluated. Methods: One conventional and five types of surface modified nickel titanium arch wires were surface characterized with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis, Raman spectroscopy, Atomic force microscopy and 3D profilometry. Root mean square roughness values were analyzed by one way analysis of variance and post hoc Duncan's multiple range tests. Results: Study groups demonstrated considerable reduction in roughness values from conventional in a material specific pattern: Group I; conventional (578.56 nm) > Group V; Teflon (365.33 nm) > Group III; nitride (301.51 nm) > Group VI (i); rhodium (290.64 nm) > Group VI (ii); silver (252.22 nm) > Group IV; titanium (229.51 nm) > Group II; resin (158.60 nm). It also showed the defects with aesthetic (resin/Teflon) and nitride surfaces and smooth topography achieved with metals; titanium/silver/rhodium. Conclusions: Resin, Teflon, titanium, silver, rhodium and nitrides were effective in decreasing surface roughness of nickel titanium arch wires albeit; certain flaws. Findings have clinical implications, considering their potential in lessening biofilm adhesion, reducing friction, improving corrosion resistance and preventing nickel leach and allergic reactions.
Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, 2015
Background: Chronic liver diseases (CLD) are quite prevalent throughout the globe. Its early and ... more Background: Chronic liver diseases (CLD) are quite prevalent throughout the globe. Its early and correct diagnosis is always a concern among physicians, especially the residual liver function. For this various substrates like caffeine are being investigated in body fluids like serum and saliva. Saliva as a study sample has its own advantages due to its non invasiveness; it can be very useful study sample. Methods: 30 Subjects with CLD and 15 healthy controls were administered 200 mg of caffeine. Subjects classified into severity groups (class-A-mild-n ¼ 9, B-moderate-n ¼ 11, and C-severe-n ¼ 10) based on "Child-pugh classification" of severity of liver disease. After 17 h of dietary caffeine restriction and before drug administration, 0 h salivary sample was taken. After the dose of caffeine, 4 and 16 h saliva sample was taken. Blood sample was taken from controls only at same time points. These samples were analyzed on semi automated analyzer using Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique (EMIT) by spectrophotometric method. Caffeine clearance values were calculated and results were statistically analyzed. Results: Significant correlation was found between serum caffeine clearance and salivary caffeine clearance (SCC). Controls showed higher mean of SCC value of 1.6 ± 0.2 ml/min/kg while SCC values of subjects were less, with mean of 0.5 ± 0.2 ml/min/kg. Significant correlation was found between degree of hepatic dysfunction and SCC values. Conclusion: Saliva can be used for diagnosis of CLD and assessment of residual liver function in CLD as alternative to serum.
Journal of Pierre Fauchard Academy (India Section), 2014
ABSTRACT Edentulism is a major health concern of old age. Indigenous implant based over dentures ... more ABSTRACT Edentulism is a major health concern of old age. Indigenous implant based over dentures offer a cost effective option for severely resorbed dental ridges. Here, we report rehabilitation of a resorbed mandibular arch with indigenous implant supported overdenture and maxillary arch with a conventional denture. Two ball and socket implants were placed bilaterally in the parasymphyseal area. Existing denture was relined to accommodate the ‘ball head’ of the implant in the interim period. Four months later, when patient was taken up for denture fabrication, the ‘socket part’ of the ball and socket implant was incorporated into the new denture base. The socket provided a fitting surface for the implant. Implant supported overdenture significantly increased the retention, support and stability of the lower denture. Further, it worked well with the upper conventional denture. The simple design and efficacy of indigenous implant based overdenture holds promising aspects in the treatment of edentulism.
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Papers by BRIJESH TIWARI