Papers by Branko Mišković
A structural axis, as the fifth, is introduced by the sequence of spatial domains. As such, it di... more A structural axis, as the fifth, is introduced by the sequence of spatial domains. As such, it distinguishes the proχesses from various structural strata, which similar signals are registered by respective senses. There are the typical stratificαtions of electricity and energy. Poynting's 5D continuity equation coνtains the spatial, temporal and substantial terms. The last of them expresses the consumption of energy, as its transfer bεtween the strata. The summary force diagram of R. J. Bošković directly shows the structural stratificαtion.
Nizom prostornih domena poređanih po veličini, uvedena je strukturna osa, kao peta. Ona razlikuje fizičke procese iz raznih slojeva strukture, čije slične signale registruju odgovarajuća ču-la. Tipična su razlaganja elektriciteta i energije. Pointingova 5D jednačina kontinuiteta, ima prostorni, vremenski, i supstanci-jalni član. Ovaj poslednji izražava potrošnju energije, kao njeno premeštanje po slojevima strukture. Boškovićev dijagram zbirne sile jasno izražava raslojavanje strukture.
Micro-electric processes are manifest in practice on moving bodies or electric circuits. The movi... more Micro-electric processes are manifest in practice on moving bodies or electric circuits. The moving charge particles or bodies, and the currents in the circuits, act by the forces upon similar objects. Inside a neutral body, with the zero summary current, the sum of micro-forces around particles is manifest by mechanical inertia. In the opposite sense, the electric currents with their fields cause the kinetic and dynamic inductions in the surrounding bodies. And finally, variable currents radiate EM energy into surroundings.
The relation between a motion and respective variation is expressed by relative and convective de... more The relation between a motion and respective variation is expressed by relative and convective derivatives. Divergences of scalar flows give the continuity equations. Similar treatment of Thomson’s algebraic equations gives the forms wider from respective Maxwell’s set. The inertia cancels the excessive, and convective derivatives explain remaining terms, up to the full equivalence of the two sets. Causal relation of Maxwell’s, give the wave equation, but the convenient arrangement turn them into Einstein’s tensor forms, in 4D space.
The medium stratification into explicit and implicit matter is expressed by the two constitutive ... more The medium stratification into explicit and implicit matter is expressed by the two constitutive equations, operating by the two pairs of EM fields and constant factors. The force fields are introduced empirically, but rational ones on the concept of electricity, as the bipolar substance. The two algebraic equations of J. J. Thomson are reaffirmed, as the most convenient basic set. Instead of variation, they treat the field motion. The causal loop of EM processes gives the equation of motion, as the pandanus of the wave equation.
The field theory enables the transition from the formal to rational scientific levels. It is not ... more The field theory enables the transition from the formal to rational scientific levels. It is not satisfied by the formal operations, but also demands clear images of the spatial and temporal relations. The math apparatus is the accessory scaffolding only. EM fields and potentials are introduced, mutually related and extended to mechanics and gravitation. These distinct interpretations are thus related. Some logic points to g-potential as the medium of light propagation.
The kinetic forces between fluid flows or vortices are similar at vacuum and matter. Two parallel... more The kinetic forces between fluid flows or vortices are similar at vacuum and matter. Two parallel flows attract, but opposite ones repel each other, as electric currents. Two vortices behave oppositely, as the air disturbances. The temporal mat-ter motion is projected into 3D as the attracting gravitation, but the particles, as the micro-vortices of electric charges, interact by the bipolar forces. All the classical forces are finally reduced to the fluidic processes in the media.
Preprint, 2024
The law of inertia expresses the saving of motion. Its application to a force balance gives the e... more The law of inertia expresses the saving of motion. Its application to a force balance gives the energy saving, wherefrom follows the torque balance and saving of rotation, as the angular quantities. The static and kinetic energies give the rational sum mv2, at motion through 3D space or along temporal axis. These results are applied to celestial bodies and a few compositions. Their application to the fluidic media gives the energy homogeneity, as the most general law.
Preprint, 2024
Apart from the static gravitation, the two inertial forces-kinetic and dynamic-are emphasized. Th... more Apart from the static gravitation, the two inertial forces-kinetic and dynamic-are emphasized. The first force depends on the object position, the second-on its speed, and third-on acceleration. The longitudinal action causes linear, but tranσverse-centripetal accelerations. The transverse pressure on a path gives the kinetic, but longitudinal one dynamic reaχtion. The attraction of the parallel flows of matter along taxis aπpears as the gravitation radial in 3D. The exposition is fuλfilled by the mass variation against speed. Pored gravitacije, kao statičke, istaknute su i dve inercione sile, kinetička i dinamička. Prva sila zavisi od položaja, druga od brzine, a treća od ubrzanja objekta. Uzdužna akcija uzroku-je linearno, a poprečnȃ centripetalno ubrzanje. Razlika pop-rečnih pritisaka na krivu putanju daje kinetičku, a uzdužnih-dinamičku reakciju. Privlačenje uporednih tokova materije duž t-ose čini radijalnu gravitaciju u 3D prostoru. Izlaganje je dopunjeno promenama mase sa brzinom.
Apart from space, time and matter, as the three natural categories, the other physical quantities... more Apart from space, time and matter, as the three natural categories, the other physical quantities are also considered. Unlike the explicit matter of the massive particles, the implicit one belongs to the vacuum medium. Their similarities and dis-tinctions are presented. The quantities are related by rational relations or empirical laws. Up to their final explanations, the basic laws are rationalized formally, eliminating the constants. This determines various sets of quantities.
preprint, 2024
A few sources of knowing, at least implicitly understood in the science, are here introduced and ... more A few sources of knowing, at least implicitly understood in the science, are here introduced and illustrated by examples: empirical, formal, rational and intuitive ones. As such, they also serve as the criteria for validation of the scientific tradition, as the starting basis at education. Each next source relies on for-mer ones, as their generalization. With respect to some lacks of all these sources, the knowledge reliability depends on their number and consistency of application.
Uvedeno je, pa i ilustrovano primerima nekoliko izvora saz-nanja, bar implicitno podrazumevanih u nauci: empirijski, for-malni, racionalni i intuitivni. Kao izvori novog znanja, oni su i merila za vrednovanje tradicije, kao polazne osnovice u obra-zovanju. Svaki sledeći izvor oslanja se na, i uopštava prethodne. S obzirom na nedostatke svakog izvora, pouzdanost znanja za-visi od njihovog broja i dosledne primene.
International Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, 2015
Reexamination of physics
The two famous scientific spirits present, compare, further develop and better argue their known... more The two famous scientific spirits present, compare, further develop and better argue their known views. A brief cross-section through the history of physics is supplemented by some details formerly overlooked or neglected. They redirect the former development by a sequence of convincing results. Irrespective of their final plausibility, the consistent scientific methodology is here reaffirmed.
Physical Science International Journal, Jan 10, 2014
In the aim to reexamine some already accepted concepts and speculations, EM theory (EMT) is appli... more In the aim to reexamine some already accepted concepts and speculations, EM theory (EMT) is applied to the wider context of physics. The comparison of some theses and antitheses follows into respective syntheses, exceeding one or both of the alternatives, or removing their contradictions. EMT is thus related with mechanics, particle physics and cosmology, but confronted with quantum theory and special relativity (SRT) at least. Some inadequate concepts and unfounded speculations are substituted by more consistent and convincing alternative solutions. Respective discussion with a reviewer, representing the contemporary physics, is presented in an additional section.
Springer eBooks, 2013
Electrodynamics of moving bodies, including the bases of the classical EM theory, without the con... more Electrodynamics of moving bodies, including the bases of the classical EM theory, without the considerations related with its practical application, is here presented. Initial symmetry of the two EM fields is gradually overcome and substituted by the trinity of the static, kinetic and dynamic relations. The two alternative basic sets, algebraic equations and central laws, complementary with the standard differential equations, are finally elaborated. This is the educational exposition in the form of a sequence of successive lessons, on the middle university level. A number of the advances in the contents and form gave the completely new whole. Though innovative and extended, it is more transparent and convincing than the standard presentations of EM theory. Some fundamental theoretical problems, so far inconsistently treated by the incomplete standard theory, are resolved and/or reinterpreted.
International journal of electromagnetics and applications, 2014
Two so far partially used alternative basic sets-algebraic relations and central laws-are complet... more Two so far partially used alternative basic sets-algebraic relations and central laws-are completed and related with the standard differential equations. The senses and ranges of validities of all the equations are examined. The dual conception of the two fields is gradually transferred into the scientific system of radial-static, transverse-kinetic, and longitudinal-dynamic elementary forces, dependent on mutual distance, simultaneous motion and acceleration of interacting charges. The extended EM theory, more systematic than its standard presentations, is obtained and affirmed.
International Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, 2019
This review is dedicated to those which already have understood special relativity (SR), but desi... more This review is dedicated to those which already have understood special relativity (SR), but designated to these which still have not. From the kinematical context and EM pretext, as the starting bases, the simplest methodology of the initial constitution of SR is here presented. Some inconsistencies of the adopted premises, applied procedures and thus obtained results are clearly pointed at. Apart from the alleged dependence of the relative time on the mutual motion of the two frames, it would also depend on the object position, determined in its own arbitrarily adopted frame! Some reinterpretations of the known empirical facts call in question the empirical bases of SR. The scientific wander was conditioned by the incomplete EM theory, tried to make up by a sequence of the ideal symmetries.
International Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, 2016
A consistent methodology is applied to physics, in the aim of its reexamination. Possible uncerta... more A consistent methodology is applied to physics, in the aim of its reexamination. Possible uncertainties of the objective scientific sources are here made up by the subjective criteria. Instead of further multiplication of some formal concepts and their relations, the classical laws are mutually compared and related, generalized and reduced to a unique general law. The exposition is supported by EM theory, as the central physical discipline already elaborate. Its results are here introduced intuitively and applied widely. By a consistent cosmology, time is strictly interpreted and included into 4D space, as the natural formal frame. Instead of arbitrary new axes, a structural dimension is introduced by the media stratification, in the ambient concerning matter, as the third natural category. In thus obtained solid scientific system, the known physical forces are explained, mutually compared and related. With reinterpretation of the known empirical facts, the number of the distinct na...
Instead of electricity – as the basic EM substance, its static potential – as the pressure distur... more Instead of electricity – as the basic EM substance, its static potential – as the pressure disturbance at the dielectric, non-resistive and reactive medium – is here taken as the starting EM quantity. All remaining quantities are thus defined in the succession, by the standard differential equations, with algebraic relations and central laws derived as their formal consequences. The elementary applications of the three basic sets are briefly demonstrated. Not only that majority of the former results are thus affirmed, but some of them are finally completed, rationally interpreted and mutually related. On the other hand, a few former formal concepts appear as inadequate or excessive at least.
International Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, 2016
Instead of material particles, as the field sources or carriers, we start with EM potentials, as ... more Instead of material particles, as the field sources or carriers, we start with EM potentials, as the energetic medium disturbances. EM fields thus appear as formal features of the potentials, and carriers – of these fields. The fields and potentials may move with or without apparent carriers. Their variations, caused by motion of their non-homogeneities, are finally expressed by the temporal derivatives. Two algebraic relations of J. J. Thomson are thus directly interrelated with Maxwell’s differential equations. Instead of parallel treatment of two EM fields, the static, kinetic and dynamic EM processes, dependent on mutual position, separate motion and acceleration of two electric polarities, are finally arranged into the causal loop. All EM quantities, and each equation relating them, are interpreted by respective processes in the medium. Not only that the new interpretations explain physical essences of all EM phenomena, but the new formal relations resolve some former problems ...
International Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, 2013
In the aim of the optimal transparency of their formal procedures, the former texts on the same t... more In the aim of the optimal transparency of their formal procedures, the former texts on the same topic (essential overview, inductive elaboration and deductive exposition of EM theory) chose the shortest ways, without excessive digressions and wider discussion. Further explication of their ideas and results demands this, more general, thematic consideration. The former starting views and final results, concerning most significant questions of physics, are here treated through ten thematic sections: from various formal procedures treating the same processes, their comparison and mutual equivalence, via mathematical relation of the main quantities, up to extended space as the ambient of natural phenomena. Some prejudices and inadequate concepts of the classical and modern physics are here surpassed.
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Papers by Branko Mišković
Nizom prostornih domena poređanih po veličini, uvedena je strukturna osa, kao peta. Ona razlikuje fizičke procese iz raznih slojeva strukture, čije slične signale registruju odgovarajuća ču-la. Tipična su razlaganja elektriciteta i energije. Pointingova 5D jednačina kontinuiteta, ima prostorni, vremenski, i supstanci-jalni član. Ovaj poslednji izražava potrošnju energije, kao njeno premeštanje po slojevima strukture. Boškovićev dijagram zbirne sile jasno izražava raslojavanje strukture.
Uvedeno je, pa i ilustrovano primerima nekoliko izvora saz-nanja, bar implicitno podrazumevanih u nauci: empirijski, for-malni, racionalni i intuitivni. Kao izvori novog znanja, oni su i merila za vrednovanje tradicije, kao polazne osnovice u obra-zovanju. Svaki sledeći izvor oslanja se na, i uopštava prethodne. S obzirom na nedostatke svakog izvora, pouzdanost znanja za-visi od njihovog broja i dosledne primene.
Nizom prostornih domena poređanih po veličini, uvedena je strukturna osa, kao peta. Ona razlikuje fizičke procese iz raznih slojeva strukture, čije slične signale registruju odgovarajuća ču-la. Tipična su razlaganja elektriciteta i energije. Pointingova 5D jednačina kontinuiteta, ima prostorni, vremenski, i supstanci-jalni član. Ovaj poslednji izražava potrošnju energije, kao njeno premeštanje po slojevima strukture. Boškovićev dijagram zbirne sile jasno izražava raslojavanje strukture.
Uvedeno je, pa i ilustrovano primerima nekoliko izvora saz-nanja, bar implicitno podrazumevanih u nauci: empirijski, for-malni, racionalni i intuitivni. Kao izvori novog znanja, oni su i merila za vrednovanje tradicije, kao polazne osnovice u obra-zovanju. Svaki sledeći izvor oslanja se na, i uopštava prethodne. S obzirom na nedostatke svakog izvora, pouzdanost znanja za-visi od njihovog broja i dosledne primene.