Background: Good pharmaceutical inventory control enables health facilities (HFs) to provide comp... more Background: Good pharmaceutical inventory control enables health facilities (HFs) to provide complete health care by ensuring the availability of safe, effective, and affordable pharmaceuticals and related supplies of the required quality, inadequate quantity, at the required place and at all times. It boosts patients’ trust in the HFs and motivates working staff. However, it needs well-trained and skilled professionals. The aim of the current study was, therefore, assessing knowledge, practice, and challenges of pharmacy professionals conducting inventory control in selected public health facilities of West Arsi Zone, Oromia regional state for the year 2016 to 2018. Method: A mixed-methods study design was used to assess pharmacy professionals’ knowledge, skills, and challenges in applying inventory management methods. A semi-structured questionnaire was implemented for quantitative, whereas an open-ended question was employed for key informants (KIs) to explore qualitative data. Result: Ninety percent of pharmacy professionals knew about VEN analysis concepts and 70% about ABC analysis. However, none of them had a concept of FSN and XYZ analysis. Among the respondents who knew the concept, 75% had gained knowledge through formal training and 10% of them learned from on-job training. When they asked about the methods of inventory control, 60% responded as they did not hear about it. Of those who said “Yes” on being asked to mention at least 1 method of it, 80% could not able to correctly mention the methods used in inventory control. However, 44%, 62.5%, and 75% of respondents had practiced ABC, VED, and ABC-VED matrix analysis respectively. The challenges that prevented these professionals from practicing pharmaceutical inventory control in their HFs were grouped into price-related, training-related, human resource-related, and managerial-related factors. Conclusion: Inventory control is the heart of the pharmaceutical supply system. Without its healthy action, HFs’ goal attainment will not be viable. Problems of sick pharmaceutical inventory control are directly related to a lack of knowledge and appreciation of it by the concerned bodies. The current finding revealed almost all pharmacy professionals included in the study had little knowledge about how to manage their inventories. Managers’ unwillingness to cooperate and facilitate necessary resources prevented the professionals from doing inventory control.
Integrated pharmacy research and practice, Feb 1, 2021
Background: Effective inventory management ensures an uninterrupted supply of safe, effective, an... more Background: Effective inventory management ensures an uninterrupted supply of safe, effective, and affordable pharmaceuticals which could be achieved through developing ABC-VEN (Always, Better, Control-Vital, Essential, Desirable) and FSN-XYZ (Fast, Slow, Nonmoving-High, Medium, Low Value) matrix analysis. ABC-VEN matrix analysis is used to control inventory according to their annual consumption and on their functional importance whereas, FSN-XYZ matrix analysis is applied to control inventory by identifying the items to be discarded and the amount saved during the closing of annual accounts. Objective: To evaluate inventory management in selected health facilities of West Arsi zone, Oromia regional state for the year 2016-2018. Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional descriptive study complemented with a qualitative study was conducted in fourteen health facilities. Data were collected from goods issuing vouchers for the year 2016-2018 to perform ABC-VEN matrix analysis. The frequency of issue was collected to perform FSN analysis and the value of each closing stock was taken to get XYZ analysis. Results: From the ABC-VEN matrix analysis, 26.6% of items were Category I of which the highest proportion were taken by class A and V items consuming 84.7% of annual drug expenditure (ADE). The remaining 49.2% and 24.2% of the drugs accounted for only 13.2% and 2.1% of the ADE being category II and III, respectively. Based on FSN-XYZ matrix analysis findings, category I with 41.% item share account for the highest budget (average 86.5% of values). Of this category, the XN group-non-moving and high-cost drugs had the high value (20%) which need managerial measure. In category III, the ZN group items, being 25% of drugs, only had 2.2% of value-that may increase wastage, inventory holding cost, and shortage of storage space. Conclusion: The matrix analysis for inventory control is a strong tool that enables one to identify items requiring close monitoring. The coupled ABC-VEN matrix analysis, combining their individual advantages-inventory's cost and its functional importance help in achieving a meaningful inventory management. However, to control the stock at an appropriate level with minimum shortage and oversupply, it has to be supported by XYZ-FSN matrix analysis. The XYZ-FSN matrix benefits the health facilities to determine the level of inventory with high value in dead-stock, and to take measures like transferring to others, discarding, or saving.
International Journal of Scientific Reports, Feb 25, 2020
About one-third of the hospital budget is consumed on purchasing materials and supplies including... more About one-third of the hospital budget is consumed on purchasing materials and supplies including medicines. 1,2 This requires effective and efficient management of the medical stores through efficient priority setting, decisionmaking in purchasing and distribution of specific medicines, close supervision on medicines belonging to important categories, and prevention of pilferage. 3 The analysis of the cost of the medicines can be done to characterize them in distinctive groups and each of the category can be managed according to its characteristics to improve efficiency. 4 Among different selective inventory control techniques, always, better control (ABC) and vital,
International Journal of Scientific Reports, Feb 25, 2016
Background: With global expansion of contraceptive information and services, contraceptive techno... more Background: With global expansion of contraceptive information and services, contraceptive technologies have continually improved and contraceptive prevalence has risen throughout most of the world. Emergency contraceptive pills have become more available in many developing countries. However, limited provider knowledge and negative attitudes, as well as poor user awareness and access, have hindered clients in learning about and using it. The aim of the present study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of EC and also barriers to its use among the antenatal care attendees of Sululta health centers. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Sululta health centres from January to February 2013/2014. Eighty seven Antenatal care attendees were interviewed. Pretested and structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Results: Of the 87 women included in the study 23 (26.4%) reported that the current pregnancy was unplanned and 5 (5.7%) reported that they had induced abortion in the previous years. Of the study participants 25 (28.7%) had ever heard about EC. Whereas only 6 (6.9%) of the women had actually used EC. The preferred places for the provision of EC were public hospitals 2 (8%), health centers 17(68%), private clinics 3 (12%) & pharmacies 11 (44%). Conclusions: This study showed that the major barrier to the use of EC is lack of awareness & also there is demand for education.
The medical materials, medical supplies, and medicines cover about one-third of the annual health... more The medical materials, medical supplies, and medicines cover about one-third of the annual health care organization's budget. Effective inventory management is required to balance inventory expenditure against demands for medications. The study aimed to analyze the pharmaceuticals inventory management using ABC-VEN Matrix in selected health facilities of the West Shewa zone. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in health facilities of the West Shewa zone from March 15, 2019, to May 31, 2019, and analyzed by using an MS Excel spreadsheet. Results: At selected public health facilities of West Shewa zone in three years between September 12, 2015, and September 5, 2018, about 539 pharmaceutical items were utilized and consumed 30,837,628.61 ETB. ABC analysis indicated that 64 (11.9%), 68 (13.74%), and 38 (11.14%) of items were classified as the class "A" items and consumed around 70% of the total pharmaceutical expenditures (TPE) at selected health facilities (aggregated), hospitals, and health centers (HC), respectively. VEN analysis revealed that 115 (35.94%), 99 (35.61%), and 40 (20.83%) items were categorized as vitals and consumed 53.9%, 51.59%, and 36.93% of TPE at selected health facilities. ABC-VEN matrix analysis indicated that category I items consumed 85% of TPE. Conclusion: ABC-VEN matrix analysis of present study showed that the category I pharmaceuticals consumed a majority of TPE that need great attention for control.
Background: Good pharmaceutical inventory control enables health facilities (HFs) to provide comp... more Background: Good pharmaceutical inventory control enables health facilities (HFs) to provide complete health care by ensuring the availability of safe, effective, and affordable pharmaceuticals and related supplies of the required quality, inadequate quantity, at the required place and at all times. It boosts patients’ trust in the HFs and motivates working staff. However, it needs well-trained and skilled professionals. The aim of the current study was, therefore, assessing knowledge, practice, and challenges of pharmacy professionals conducting inventory control in selected public health facilities of West Arsi Zone, Oromia regional state for the year 2016 to 2018. Method: A mixed-methods study design was used to assess pharmacy professionals’ knowledge, skills, and challenges in applying inventory management methods. A semi-structured questionnaire was implemented for quantitative, whereas an open-ended question was employed for key informants (KIs) to explore qualitative data. R...
Background: Rational drug use is one of the essential elements of the health care system. In the ... more Background: Rational drug use is one of the essential elements of the health care system. In the environment where safe and effective use of drugs does not exist, it could be difficult to imagine a healthy nation. Irrationality in medication use can cause multiple physical, psychological, economic and social effects both at individual and social level. To this effect, the role of prescribers is of paramount importance tackle this problems. Objective: Therefore it is the objective of this study to assess aspects of prescribersâ practice and attitudes towards rational drug use in selected health facilities of Bishoftu town, Ethiopia. Method: The study was. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on selected health facilities of Bishoftu town, Ethiopia to assess drug prescribing pattern using World health organization (WHO) drug use indicators. Self-administered questionnaires were used to assess attitude of prescribers on rational drug use. The data was entered and analy...
Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021
Background. Effective and efficient cold chain management maximizes utilization of healthcare res... more Background. Effective and efficient cold chain management maximizes utilization of healthcare resources, reduces cold chain products wastage, and improves the quality of health services. It eventually guarantees that clients receive cold chain products they need at service delivery points. The objective of this study was to evaluate cold chain management performance for temperature-sensitive medicines at public health facilities in Southwest Ethiopia supplied by the Jimma Pharmaceuticals Fund and Supply Agency hub. Method and Materials. The study used an institution-based cross-sectional study design. Forty-seven (47) public health facilities in Southwest Ethiopia were evaluated using checklists adopted from the Logistic Indicators Assessment Tool, Vaccine Management Assessment Tool, and Logistic System Assessment Tool. Results. The study revealed that the mean availability of essential cold chain products was 72.1 ± 14.8% while the average stock-out rate was 26.2 ± 8.6%. The median...
Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 2020
Background: The pharmaceutical supply chain management system of the Ethiopia had several problem... more Background: The pharmaceutical supply chain management system of the Ethiopia had several problems including non-avail ability, poor storage, weak stock management and irrational use. However, little studies on progress and challenges towards implementation of Integrated Pharmaceuticals Logistics System (IPLS) in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess progress and challenges towards the implementation of IPLS in selected health facilities in the Wollega zones of Oromia region, western Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional quantitative and qualitative studies were conducted in selected health facilities from February 15 to March 15, 2015. The calculated sample size was 31 health facilities calculated for a 20% margin of error and 90% confidence interval. The Logistics Indicator Assessment Tool (LIAT) was used to collect the information from selected health facilities; while an in-depth interview was held with chief pharmacist from the selected facility to collect qualitative data. Correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were used at significance of 90%CI for independent variables and dependent variables. Results: The average availability of bin cards for the selected products was 83.9% for hospital, 75.4% for health center, and 70.6% for health post. On average, hospitals had an updated bin card for 43.8% of the product while health center and health post had an updated bin card for 32.9% and 32% of their products, respectively. On average the exact accuracy of request and resupply form (RRF) data for hospital and health center were 45.6% and 37.1%, respectively. IPLS implementation was related with health facility stores infrastructures (40.1%), Logistics Management Information System/LMIS (32.2%), stock availability and status (31.9%), storage condition (17.7%), and order fill rate (14.1%). Multivariable regression revealed the LMIS (std. β=2.539, p=0.022), stock status (std. β=0.848, p=0.049) and availability of tracer medicines (std. β=0.212, p=0.013) were positively associated with IPLS implementation. Conclusion: There have been significant improvements in supply chain indicators in the availability of essential health commodities since IPLS has been implemented, with some variation by level of facility and product type. Involvement of all stakeholders is necessary to sustain the system. There needs to be more focus on monitoring and evaluation of IPLS including more studies.
International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH, 2020
Background: Laboratory commodity management (LCM) is a formidable challenge because of various re... more Background: Laboratory commodity management (LCM) is a formidable challenge because of various reasons. Poor LCM could produce wrong laboratory result. However, the status of laboratory commodity supply chain system in Jimma zone is not clearly known. Thus, we aimed to assess the overall supply chain system of laboratory commodity in selected public health facilities of Jimma zone, south west Ethiopia. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study within 3 different strata of health facilities: hospitals, A-level health centers, and B-level health centers were conducted. About 40 basic laboratory commodities as well as all pharmacy and laboratory professionals were included for the assessment. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance with 95% confidence interval using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was performed. Results: A total of 34 facilities having totally 146 professionals were included. Among these 146 professionals only 2 pharmacy professionals took ...
This is a research about good governance in the civil service. Five federal organizations served ... more This is a research about good governance in the civil service. Five federal organizations served as research population:
Background: Always, better control (ABC)-vital, essential and non-essential (VEN) matrix analysis... more Background: Always, better control (ABC)-vital, essential and non-essential (VEN) matrix analysis has a key role in assisting decisions making in medicine selection, purchasing and inventory management and hence help in reducing cost, identifying medicine use problems and improve efficiency in the pharmaceutical supply system. Studies on analysis of pharmaceuticals expenditures throughout the country were very limited, in Jimma zone no studies found yet. The objective of the study was, therefore, to analyze pharmaceuticals based on cost and criticality aspects and identify those which require stringent managerial control at selected public health facilities of Jimma zone Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: Health facility-based, cross-sectional, study design using a quantitative method in which ABC, VEN and ABC-VEN matrix analysis techniques were utilized to analyse pharmaceutical inventory management system at selected public health facilities of Jimma zone. Results: The ABC analysis...
Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology, 2019
Background: Inaccessible, unaffordable, and poor quality care are the key underlying reasons for ... more Background: Inaccessible, unaffordable, and poor quality care are the key underlying reasons for the high burden of maternal and child morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Objective: To assess the availability of lifesaving maternal and child health (MCH) commodities and associated factors in public and private health facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016. Methods: Institutional-based, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the selected health facilities (29 publics and 6 private) in Addis Ababa. The data were collected through pretested, structured questionnaire, and in-depth interviews. For the quantitative analysis, data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software, SPSS Inc. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the variables, and the Spearman correlation test was run to determine the predictors of the outcome variables. For the qualitative data, the data were handled manually and transformed into categories related t...
Background: Good pharmaceutical inventory control enables health facilities (HFs) to provide comp... more Background: Good pharmaceutical inventory control enables health facilities (HFs) to provide complete health care by ensuring the availability of safe, effective, and affordable pharmaceuticals and related supplies of the required quality, inadequate quantity, at the required place and at all times. It boosts patients’ trust in the HFs and motivates working staff. However, it needs well-trained and skilled professionals. The aim of the current study was, therefore, assessing knowledge, practice, and challenges of pharmacy professionals conducting inventory control in selected public health facilities of West Arsi Zone, Oromia regional state for the year 2016 to 2018. Method: A mixed-methods study design was used to assess pharmacy professionals’ knowledge, skills, and challenges in applying inventory management methods. A semi-structured questionnaire was implemented for quantitative, whereas an open-ended question was employed for key informants (KIs) to explore qualitative data. Result: Ninety percent of pharmacy professionals knew about VEN analysis concepts and 70% about ABC analysis. However, none of them had a concept of FSN and XYZ analysis. Among the respondents who knew the concept, 75% had gained knowledge through formal training and 10% of them learned from on-job training. When they asked about the methods of inventory control, 60% responded as they did not hear about it. Of those who said “Yes” on being asked to mention at least 1 method of it, 80% could not able to correctly mention the methods used in inventory control. However, 44%, 62.5%, and 75% of respondents had practiced ABC, VED, and ABC-VED matrix analysis respectively. The challenges that prevented these professionals from practicing pharmaceutical inventory control in their HFs were grouped into price-related, training-related, human resource-related, and managerial-related factors. Conclusion: Inventory control is the heart of the pharmaceutical supply system. Without its healthy action, HFs’ goal attainment will not be viable. Problems of sick pharmaceutical inventory control are directly related to a lack of knowledge and appreciation of it by the concerned bodies. The current finding revealed almost all pharmacy professionals included in the study had little knowledge about how to manage their inventories. Managers’ unwillingness to cooperate and facilitate necessary resources prevented the professionals from doing inventory control.
Integrated pharmacy research and practice, Feb 1, 2021
Background: Effective inventory management ensures an uninterrupted supply of safe, effective, an... more Background: Effective inventory management ensures an uninterrupted supply of safe, effective, and affordable pharmaceuticals which could be achieved through developing ABC-VEN (Always, Better, Control-Vital, Essential, Desirable) and FSN-XYZ (Fast, Slow, Nonmoving-High, Medium, Low Value) matrix analysis. ABC-VEN matrix analysis is used to control inventory according to their annual consumption and on their functional importance whereas, FSN-XYZ matrix analysis is applied to control inventory by identifying the items to be discarded and the amount saved during the closing of annual accounts. Objective: To evaluate inventory management in selected health facilities of West Arsi zone, Oromia regional state for the year 2016-2018. Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional descriptive study complemented with a qualitative study was conducted in fourteen health facilities. Data were collected from goods issuing vouchers for the year 2016-2018 to perform ABC-VEN matrix analysis. The frequency of issue was collected to perform FSN analysis and the value of each closing stock was taken to get XYZ analysis. Results: From the ABC-VEN matrix analysis, 26.6% of items were Category I of which the highest proportion were taken by class A and V items consuming 84.7% of annual drug expenditure (ADE). The remaining 49.2% and 24.2% of the drugs accounted for only 13.2% and 2.1% of the ADE being category II and III, respectively. Based on FSN-XYZ matrix analysis findings, category I with 41.% item share account for the highest budget (average 86.5% of values). Of this category, the XN group-non-moving and high-cost drugs had the high value (20%) which need managerial measure. In category III, the ZN group items, being 25% of drugs, only had 2.2% of value-that may increase wastage, inventory holding cost, and shortage of storage space. Conclusion: The matrix analysis for inventory control is a strong tool that enables one to identify items requiring close monitoring. The coupled ABC-VEN matrix analysis, combining their individual advantages-inventory's cost and its functional importance help in achieving a meaningful inventory management. However, to control the stock at an appropriate level with minimum shortage and oversupply, it has to be supported by XYZ-FSN matrix analysis. The XYZ-FSN matrix benefits the health facilities to determine the level of inventory with high value in dead-stock, and to take measures like transferring to others, discarding, or saving.
International Journal of Scientific Reports, Feb 25, 2020
About one-third of the hospital budget is consumed on purchasing materials and supplies including... more About one-third of the hospital budget is consumed on purchasing materials and supplies including medicines. 1,2 This requires effective and efficient management of the medical stores through efficient priority setting, decisionmaking in purchasing and distribution of specific medicines, close supervision on medicines belonging to important categories, and prevention of pilferage. 3 The analysis of the cost of the medicines can be done to characterize them in distinctive groups and each of the category can be managed according to its characteristics to improve efficiency. 4 Among different selective inventory control techniques, always, better control (ABC) and vital,
International Journal of Scientific Reports, Feb 25, 2016
Background: With global expansion of contraceptive information and services, contraceptive techno... more Background: With global expansion of contraceptive information and services, contraceptive technologies have continually improved and contraceptive prevalence has risen throughout most of the world. Emergency contraceptive pills have become more available in many developing countries. However, limited provider knowledge and negative attitudes, as well as poor user awareness and access, have hindered clients in learning about and using it. The aim of the present study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of EC and also barriers to its use among the antenatal care attendees of Sululta health centers. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Sululta health centres from January to February 2013/2014. Eighty seven Antenatal care attendees were interviewed. Pretested and structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Results: Of the 87 women included in the study 23 (26.4%) reported that the current pregnancy was unplanned and 5 (5.7%) reported that they had induced abortion in the previous years. Of the study participants 25 (28.7%) had ever heard about EC. Whereas only 6 (6.9%) of the women had actually used EC. The preferred places for the provision of EC were public hospitals 2 (8%), health centers 17(68%), private clinics 3 (12%) & pharmacies 11 (44%). Conclusions: This study showed that the major barrier to the use of EC is lack of awareness & also there is demand for education.
The medical materials, medical supplies, and medicines cover about one-third of the annual health... more The medical materials, medical supplies, and medicines cover about one-third of the annual health care organization's budget. Effective inventory management is required to balance inventory expenditure against demands for medications. The study aimed to analyze the pharmaceuticals inventory management using ABC-VEN Matrix in selected health facilities of the West Shewa zone. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in health facilities of the West Shewa zone from March 15, 2019, to May 31, 2019, and analyzed by using an MS Excel spreadsheet. Results: At selected public health facilities of West Shewa zone in three years between September 12, 2015, and September 5, 2018, about 539 pharmaceutical items were utilized and consumed 30,837,628.61 ETB. ABC analysis indicated that 64 (11.9%), 68 (13.74%), and 38 (11.14%) of items were classified as the class "A" items and consumed around 70% of the total pharmaceutical expenditures (TPE) at selected health facilities (aggregated), hospitals, and health centers (HC), respectively. VEN analysis revealed that 115 (35.94%), 99 (35.61%), and 40 (20.83%) items were categorized as vitals and consumed 53.9%, 51.59%, and 36.93% of TPE at selected health facilities. ABC-VEN matrix analysis indicated that category I items consumed 85% of TPE. Conclusion: ABC-VEN matrix analysis of present study showed that the category I pharmaceuticals consumed a majority of TPE that need great attention for control.
Background: Good pharmaceutical inventory control enables health facilities (HFs) to provide comp... more Background: Good pharmaceutical inventory control enables health facilities (HFs) to provide complete health care by ensuring the availability of safe, effective, and affordable pharmaceuticals and related supplies of the required quality, inadequate quantity, at the required place and at all times. It boosts patients’ trust in the HFs and motivates working staff. However, it needs well-trained and skilled professionals. The aim of the current study was, therefore, assessing knowledge, practice, and challenges of pharmacy professionals conducting inventory control in selected public health facilities of West Arsi Zone, Oromia regional state for the year 2016 to 2018. Method: A mixed-methods study design was used to assess pharmacy professionals’ knowledge, skills, and challenges in applying inventory management methods. A semi-structured questionnaire was implemented for quantitative, whereas an open-ended question was employed for key informants (KIs) to explore qualitative data. R...
Background: Rational drug use is one of the essential elements of the health care system. In the ... more Background: Rational drug use is one of the essential elements of the health care system. In the environment where safe and effective use of drugs does not exist, it could be difficult to imagine a healthy nation. Irrationality in medication use can cause multiple physical, psychological, economic and social effects both at individual and social level. To this effect, the role of prescribers is of paramount importance tackle this problems. Objective: Therefore it is the objective of this study to assess aspects of prescribersâ practice and attitudes towards rational drug use in selected health facilities of Bishoftu town, Ethiopia. Method: The study was. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on selected health facilities of Bishoftu town, Ethiopia to assess drug prescribing pattern using World health organization (WHO) drug use indicators. Self-administered questionnaires were used to assess attitude of prescribers on rational drug use. The data was entered and analy...
Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021
Background. Effective and efficient cold chain management maximizes utilization of healthcare res... more Background. Effective and efficient cold chain management maximizes utilization of healthcare resources, reduces cold chain products wastage, and improves the quality of health services. It eventually guarantees that clients receive cold chain products they need at service delivery points. The objective of this study was to evaluate cold chain management performance for temperature-sensitive medicines at public health facilities in Southwest Ethiopia supplied by the Jimma Pharmaceuticals Fund and Supply Agency hub. Method and Materials. The study used an institution-based cross-sectional study design. Forty-seven (47) public health facilities in Southwest Ethiopia were evaluated using checklists adopted from the Logistic Indicators Assessment Tool, Vaccine Management Assessment Tool, and Logistic System Assessment Tool. Results. The study revealed that the mean availability of essential cold chain products was 72.1 ± 14.8% while the average stock-out rate was 26.2 ± 8.6%. The median...
Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 2020
Background: The pharmaceutical supply chain management system of the Ethiopia had several problem... more Background: The pharmaceutical supply chain management system of the Ethiopia had several problems including non-avail ability, poor storage, weak stock management and irrational use. However, little studies on progress and challenges towards implementation of Integrated Pharmaceuticals Logistics System (IPLS) in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess progress and challenges towards the implementation of IPLS in selected health facilities in the Wollega zones of Oromia region, western Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional quantitative and qualitative studies were conducted in selected health facilities from February 15 to March 15, 2015. The calculated sample size was 31 health facilities calculated for a 20% margin of error and 90% confidence interval. The Logistics Indicator Assessment Tool (LIAT) was used to collect the information from selected health facilities; while an in-depth interview was held with chief pharmacist from the selected facility to collect qualitative data. Correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were used at significance of 90%CI for independent variables and dependent variables. Results: The average availability of bin cards for the selected products was 83.9% for hospital, 75.4% for health center, and 70.6% for health post. On average, hospitals had an updated bin card for 43.8% of the product while health center and health post had an updated bin card for 32.9% and 32% of their products, respectively. On average the exact accuracy of request and resupply form (RRF) data for hospital and health center were 45.6% and 37.1%, respectively. IPLS implementation was related with health facility stores infrastructures (40.1%), Logistics Management Information System/LMIS (32.2%), stock availability and status (31.9%), storage condition (17.7%), and order fill rate (14.1%). Multivariable regression revealed the LMIS (std. β=2.539, p=0.022), stock status (std. β=0.848, p=0.049) and availability of tracer medicines (std. β=0.212, p=0.013) were positively associated with IPLS implementation. Conclusion: There have been significant improvements in supply chain indicators in the availability of essential health commodities since IPLS has been implemented, with some variation by level of facility and product type. Involvement of all stakeholders is necessary to sustain the system. There needs to be more focus on monitoring and evaluation of IPLS including more studies.
International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH, 2020
Background: Laboratory commodity management (LCM) is a formidable challenge because of various re... more Background: Laboratory commodity management (LCM) is a formidable challenge because of various reasons. Poor LCM could produce wrong laboratory result. However, the status of laboratory commodity supply chain system in Jimma zone is not clearly known. Thus, we aimed to assess the overall supply chain system of laboratory commodity in selected public health facilities of Jimma zone, south west Ethiopia. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study within 3 different strata of health facilities: hospitals, A-level health centers, and B-level health centers were conducted. About 40 basic laboratory commodities as well as all pharmacy and laboratory professionals were included for the assessment. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance with 95% confidence interval using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was performed. Results: A total of 34 facilities having totally 146 professionals were included. Among these 146 professionals only 2 pharmacy professionals took ...
This is a research about good governance in the civil service. Five federal organizations served ... more This is a research about good governance in the civil service. Five federal organizations served as research population:
Background: Always, better control (ABC)-vital, essential and non-essential (VEN) matrix analysis... more Background: Always, better control (ABC)-vital, essential and non-essential (VEN) matrix analysis has a key role in assisting decisions making in medicine selection, purchasing and inventory management and hence help in reducing cost, identifying medicine use problems and improve efficiency in the pharmaceutical supply system. Studies on analysis of pharmaceuticals expenditures throughout the country were very limited, in Jimma zone no studies found yet. The objective of the study was, therefore, to analyze pharmaceuticals based on cost and criticality aspects and identify those which require stringent managerial control at selected public health facilities of Jimma zone Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: Health facility-based, cross-sectional, study design using a quantitative method in which ABC, VEN and ABC-VEN matrix analysis techniques were utilized to analyse pharmaceutical inventory management system at selected public health facilities of Jimma zone. Results: The ABC analysis...
Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology, 2019
Background: Inaccessible, unaffordable, and poor quality care are the key underlying reasons for ... more Background: Inaccessible, unaffordable, and poor quality care are the key underlying reasons for the high burden of maternal and child morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Objective: To assess the availability of lifesaving maternal and child health (MCH) commodities and associated factors in public and private health facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016. Methods: Institutional-based, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the selected health facilities (29 publics and 6 private) in Addis Ababa. The data were collected through pretested, structured questionnaire, and in-depth interviews. For the quantitative analysis, data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software, SPSS Inc. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the variables, and the Spearman correlation test was run to determine the predictors of the outcome variables. For the qualitative data, the data were handled manually and transformed into categories related t...
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