The tetracycline antibiotic class has acquired new valuable members due to the optimisation of th... more The tetracycline antibiotic class has acquired new valuable members due to the optimisation of the chemical structure. The first modern tetracycline introduced into therapy was tigecycline, followed by omadacycline, eravacycline, and sarecycline (the third generation). Structural and physicochemical key elements which led to the discovery of modern tetracyclines are approached. Thus, several chemical subgroups are distinguished, such as glycylcyclines, aminomethylcyclines, and fluorocyclines, which have excellent development potential. The antibacterial spectrum comprises several resistant bacteria, including those resistant to old tetracyclines. Sarecycline, a narrow-spectrum tetracycline, is notable for being very effective against Cutinebacterium acnes. The mechanism of antibacterial action from the perspective of the new compound is approached. Several severe bacterial infections are treated with tigecycline, omadacycline, and eravacycline (with parenteral or oral formulations)....
The main objective of this review is to highlight the urgent development of new antiviral drugs a... more The main objective of this review is to highlight the urgent development of new antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. Antiviral medication against SARS-CoV-2 comprises only remdesivir as an approved drug. Scientists are making considerable efforts to identify other effective antivirals. Investments into the de novo design of new drugs against the SARS-CoV-2 virus are few. Molnupiravir proved to be effective against the SARS-CoV-2 virus and is very close to approval. Pfizer’s two new compounds (PF-07321332, oral administration and PF-07304814, systemic administration) are in the early stages of development. Two types of methods are preferred to discover new antivirals in a short period. Repositioning of approved drugs for antiviral effect conducted to some clinical results for favipiravir, lopinavir/ritonavir, danoprevir/ritonavir, umifenovir, hydroxychloroquine, camostat and nafamostat. Virtual screening of known molecules’ libraries indicate...
Adapalene (ADA), levofloxacin (LEV), meloxicam (MEL) and miconazole nitrate (MIC) were selected a... more Adapalene (ADA), levofloxacin (LEV), meloxicam (MEL) and miconazole nitrate (MIC) were selected as potential active ingredients for film systems with dermal or transdermal delivery. This study aimed to evaluate the compatibility of four binary mixtures-ADA and LEV (M1), ADA and MIC (M2), LEV and MEL (M3), and LEV and MIC (M4)combinations for new bioadhesive polymeric matrix dermal systems produced by the casting solvent evaporation technique. The Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and molecular modelling (MM) were used to characterise and evaluate the compatibility between the selected active substances. In the FTIR data, M1, M2, and M4 mixtures presented a good compatibility. DSC revealed different chemical interactions as the temperature rose above 160°C, especially for M3 and M4. Through MM technique, interactions were found on the M2 and M3 mixtures. Following the correlation of all obtained results, the best compatibility was found to be on M1 and M4 combinations. Rezumat Adapalenul (ADA), levofloxacina (LEV), meloxicamul (MEL) şi nitratul de miconazol (MIC) au fost selectate ca potenţiale ingrediente active în sistemele de tip film cu eliberare dermică sau transdermică. Scopul acestui studiu este de a evalua compatibilitatea a patru amestecuri binare-ADA şi LEV (M1), ADA şi MIC (M2), LEV şi MEL (M3), şi LEV şi MIC (M4)-combinaţii pentru noi sisteme dermice de tip matriţă polimerică bioadezivă produse prin tehnica de turnare şi evaporare a solventului. Pentru a caracteriza şi evalua compatibilitatea dintre substanţele active selectate au fost utilizate spectroscopia cu transformată Fourier (FTIR), calorimetria cu scanare diferenţială (DSC) şi modelarea moleculară (MM). Din datele FTIR, amestecurile M1, M2 şi M4 au fost compatibilite. DSC a arătat diferite interacţiuni chimice, în special pentru M3 şi M4, la temperaturi mai mari de 160°C. Prin metoda MM au fost semnalate interacţiuni în combinaţiile M2 şi M3. Ca urmare a corelării tuturor rezultatelor obţinute, cea mai bună compatibilitate a fost găsită în combinaţiile M1 şi M4.
Cephalosporins are beta-lactam antibiotics classified into five generations. The newest generatio... more Cephalosporins are beta-lactam antibiotics classified into five generations. The newest generation has three representatives: ceftaroline fosamile, the combination ceftolozane/tazobactam (cephalosporin/beta-lactamase inhibitor), and ceftobiprole medocaril. These new cephalosporins are valuable anti-infective agents, with potent activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria, and with a positive balance between benefits and side effects. However, the fifth-generation cephalosporins should be judiciously used to prevent the occurrence of bacterial resistance phenomenon.
Adapalene (ADP) is a representative of the third retinoids generation and successfully used in fi... more Adapalene (ADP) is a representative of the third retinoids generation and successfully used in first-line acne treatment. ADP binds to retinoic acid nuclear receptors. The comedolytic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory are the known ADP effects. Its safety profile is an advantage over other retinoids. ADP recently was found to be effective in the treatment of several dermatological diseases and photoaging besides the utility in the treatment of acne vulgaris. New biological effects of adapalene with therapeutic potential are highlighted in this review paper. Thus, adapalene could be a valuable therapeutic drug into the treatment of several types of cancer. Additionally, some neurodegenerative diseases could be treated with a suitable formulation for intravenous administration. The antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of an analogue of ADP has been proven. In different therapeutic schemes, ADP is more effective in combina...
Profesia de farmacist este o profesie nobilă care a apărut şi s-a dezvoltat odată cu civilizaţia ... more Profesia de farmacist este o profesie nobilă care a apărut şi s-a dezvoltat odată cu civilizaţia umană. A fi farmacist înseamnă Primum non nocere!, o atitudine profund umană faţă de societate, profesionalism, performanţă şi mai ales pasiune. Farmacistul este expertul de necontestat în domeniul medicamentului. Pregătirea sa este continuă şi multilaterală deoarece colaborează permanent şi cu alţi profesionişti din domeniul sănătăţii, cercetării, industriei farmaceutice, învăţământului universitar etc. Bagajul de cunoştinţe de specialitate al unui farmacist este impresionant, având la bază curricula universitară vastă studiată în decursul studiilor universitare la care se adaugă ulterior cursuri postuniversitare, masterate, studii doctorale, participări la manifestări ştiinţifice, toate acestea regăsindu-se în educaţia profesională continuă a acestuia. În secolul XXI, practica farmaceutică este din ce în ce mai orientată către pacient, farmacistul fiind actorul principal al „pharmaceut...
Objective: Antibacterial quinolones represent an important class of pharmaceutical compounds that... more Objective: Antibacterial quinolones represent an important class of pharmaceutical compounds that are widely used in therapy. Analytical methods that rely on their property to absorb light in the UV range are commonly used for their analysis. In the current study we present an interpretation of the relationship between chemical structure-UV spectra based on the comparative examination of UV spectral behavior of the eighteen quinolone derivatives and four model compounds. Methods: Eighteen quinolone derivatives and four model compounds were selected and their UV spectra were recorded in different solvents (methanol, 0.1M HCl, 0.1M NaOH). Results: The studied compounds show three absorption maximum values located around 210-230 nm, 270-300 nm and 315-330 nm values. A general characteristic was observed as the absorption bands exhibited both hypsochrome and bathochrome shifts, by comparison in different solvents. Most commonly we observed a slight hypsochrome shift at acidic pH (protonated form prevails) and basic pH (anionic form prevails). The structural differences are reflected in changes of UV spectra only when there are auxochrom substituents or different basic substituents are present in the quinolones structure. Conclusions: The correlations between the chemical structure of quinolone derivatives and their UV spectra using model compounds were established. This study provides useful information that can be used successfully in various UV spectrophotometric analysis methods or in more complex analytical methods using UV detection, and also in pharmacodynamic and kinetic studies.
The evolution of the class of antibacterial quinolones includes the introduction in therapy of hi... more The evolution of the class of antibacterial quinolones includes the introduction in therapy of highly successful compounds. Although many representatives were withdrawn due to severe adverse reactions, a few representatives have proven their therapeutical value over time. The classification of antibacterial quinolones into generations is a valuable tool for physicians, pharmacists, and researchers. In addition, the transition from one generation to another has brought new representatives with improved properties. In the last two decades, several representatives of antibacterial quinolones received approval for therapy. This review sets out to chronologically outline the group of approved antibacterial quinolones since 2000. Special attention is given to eight representatives: besifloxacin, delafoxacin, finafloxacin, lascufloxacin, nadifloxacin and levonadifloxacin, nemonoxacin, and zabofloxacin. These compounds have been characterized regarding physicochemical properties, formulatio...
The evolution of the class of antibacterial quinolones includes the introduction in therapy of hi... more The evolution of the class of antibacterial quinolones includes the introduction in therapy of highly successful compounds. Although many representatives were withdrawn due to severe adverse reactions, a few representatives have proven their therapeutical value over time. The classification of antibacterial quinolones into generations is a valuable tool for physicians, pharmacists, and researchers. In addition, the transition from one generation to another has brought new representatives with improved properties. In the last two decades, several representatives of antibacterial quinolones received approval for therapy. This review sets out to chronologically outline the group of approved antibacterial quinolones since 2000. Special attention is given to eight representatives: besifloxacin, delafoxacin, finafloxacin, lascufloxacin, nadifloxacin and levonadifloxacin, nemonoxacin, and zabofloxacin. These compounds have been characterized regarding physicochemical properties, formulatio...
Introduction: Antibacterial quinolones class comprises a series of synthetic antibacterial agents... more Introduction: Antibacterial quinolones class comprises a series of synthetic antibacterial agents, following the model of nalidixic acid. Because of their common 6-fl uorosubtituent on the quinolone ring, fluroquinolones are the most potent analogues with extended spectrum of activity and great pharmacokinetic properties. The applicability of capillary zone electrophoresis for the separation of fl uoroquinolones in acidic background electrolyte has been studied, our aim being the development of a capillary zone electrophoresis method for the simultaneous separation of six fl uoroquinolones and also to optimize the analytical conditions. The six studied fl uoroquinolones were ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, enrofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin and sarafloxacin. Material and methods: Preliminary, we studied the electrophoretic behavior of six fluoroquinolones in an acidic pH, which highlighted the possibility of developing a separation method in this area of pH. Electrophoretic parameters i...
The study of bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) has constantly been expanding, especially in the las... more The study of bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) has constantly been expanding, especially in the last decade. The biosynthesis of BNPs mediated by natural extracts is simple, low-cost, and safe for the environment. Plant extracts contain phenolic compounds that act as reducing agents (flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and alkaloids) and stabilising ligands moieties (carbonyl, carboxyl, and amine groups), useful in the green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs), and are free of toxic by-products. Noble bimetallic NPs (containing silver, gold, platinum, and palladium) have potential for biomedical applications due to their safety, stability in the biological environment, and low toxicity. They substantially impact human health (applications in medicine and pharmacy) due to the proven biological effects (catalytic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antitumor, hepatoprotective, and regenerative activity). To the best of our knowledge, there are no review papers in the literature on the ...
Objective: Pharmaceutical serialization is a process in the pharmaceutical industry that offers a... more Objective: Pharmaceutical serialization is a process in the pharmaceutical industry that offers a secure solution to track and authenticate drugs in the distribution chain. The unique recognition number for every drug unit helps to identify and combat counterfeit products. This paper aims to highlight the advantages of serialization implementation as an innovative tool to combat globally the counterfeiting drugs phenomenon. Methods: Worldwide a considerable effort was focused on enhancing medicines identification. Analytical methods, development of the new lab equipment, digital solutions, and blockchain technology are the new directions for the future. Also, legislation needs to be correlated at the international level between the pharmaceutical industry, distribution, and pharmacies. Results: A good collaboration between responsible entities should be implemented to protect public health and to promote patients’ access to safe medicines. A directive implemented on European Union f...
Cephalosporins are beta-lactam antibiotics classified into five generations. The newest generatio... more Cephalosporins are beta-lactam antibiotics classified into five generations. The newest generation has three representatives: ceftaroline fosamile, the combination ceftolozane/tazobactam (cephalosporin/beta-lactamase inhibitor), and ceftobi-prole medocaril. These new cephalosporins are valuable anti-infective agents, with potent activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria, and with a positive balance between benefits and side effects. However, the fifth-generation cephalosporins should be judiciously used to prevent the occurrence of bacterial resistance phenomenon.
The present paper aims to highlight some particular aspects of pharmacy students training, focusi... more The present paper aims to highlight some particular aspects of pharmacy students training, focusing on the pharmacy students’ attitude towards medicine, through cognitive and perceptive construction. The existence of such an attitude can lead to the implementation of new viable strategies towards education and self-education. A questionnaire-based survey was applied to pharmacy students of the Faculty of Pharmacy from Târgu Mureş, Romania, in 3 different stages of their academic development (students from the 1st year, the 3rd and the 5th year), to probe their perceptions and attitudes towards medicines, their use and value. The collected data was then processed and analysed and the responses interpreted usually in the sense that differences seen are not random, but are the expression of the influence of the educational system and academic gradual maturity on the student perspectives and perceptions. However, it is necessary for the pharmacy student to empower and acknowledge, the effect of various perspectives on medicine, highlighting the effects that occur at cognitive level, according to its educational status.
The present paper aims to highlight some particular aspects of pharmacy students training, focusi... more The present paper aims to highlight some particular aspects of pharmacy students training, focusing on the pharmacy students’ attitude towards medicine, through cognitive and perceptive construction. The existence of such an attitude can lead to the implementation of new viable strategies towards education and self-education. A questionnaire-based survey was applied to pharmacy students of the Faculty of Pharmacy from Târgu Mures, Romania, in 3 different stages of their academic development (students from the 1 st year, the 3 rd and the 5 th year), to probe their perceptions and attitudes towards medicines, their use and value. The collected data was then processed and analysed and the responses interpreted usually in the sense that differences seen are not random, but are the expression of the influence of the educational system and academic gradual maturity on the student perspectives and perceptions. However, it is necessary for the pharmacy student to empower and acknowledge, th...
Objective: The compatibility of four binary active substances combinations adapalene – levofloxac... more Objective: The compatibility of four binary active substances combinations adapalene – levofloxacin (ADP-LFX), adapalene – miconazole nitrate (ADP-MCZ), levofloxacin – meloxicam (LFX-MLX) and levofloxacin – miconazole nitrate (LFX-MCZ) was analysed to be comprised in new transdermal therapeutic systems. Also, the compatibility of selected active substances and four polymeric excipients (hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose - HPMC 15000, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose - HPMC E5, ethyl cellulose - EC 10, and hydroxyethyl cellulose – HEC) was studied. Methods: Thin layer chromatographic method (TLC) and four selected mobile phases were used. On the plate (in situ) were obtained the binary combinations (active substances and active substance-polymer). Results: A good compatibility of ADP-LFX was found using ammonia : methanol : acetonitrile : methylene chloride 2:4:1:4 mobile phase. Using chloroform : acetone : glacial acetic acid 34:4:3 on the chromatogram of ADP-MCZ, only ADP spots appeared ...
One of the most effective antituberculosis treatments is the combination between isoniazid and ri... more One of the most effective antituberculosis treatments is the combination between isoniazid and rifampicin. Two alternative UV spectrophotometric methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of isoniazid and rifampicin in mixture, by employing simultaneous equation method and first-derivative spectrophotometry respectively. The determinations were performed in methanol. In the simultaneous equation method, the absorbtion maxima of the two drugs, 263 nm and 338 nm, were selected for estimation of isoniazid and rifampicin respectively. The second method was based on a first-derivative spectrophotometric method involving the determination of the analytes at their respective zero crossing point, the determinations were made at 263 nm for rifampicin and 290 nm for isoniazid respectively. Both substances obeyed LambertBeer’s law in a concentration range between 5 50 μg/mL. The analytical performances of the proposed methods were verified regarding their accuracy, linearity, pr...
The enantiomeric separation of nine frequently used β-blocker derivatives (atenolol, bisoprolol, ... more The enantiomeric separation of nine frequently used β-blocker derivatives (atenolol, bisoprolol, carvedilol, labetalol, metoprolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, propranolol, sotalol) has been studied by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) using cyclodextrines (CDs) as chiral selectors directly added to the background electrolyte with the aim to establish the optimum experimental conditions for their chiral discrimination. Various native (α, β and γ-CD), alkylated (hydroxypropyl-β-CD and randomly methylated-β-CD) and anionic (carboximethylβ-CD and sulfobuthylether-β-CD) CD derivatives were tested and electrophorectic parameters such as buffer composition, concentration and pH as well as CD type and concentration were investigated. All the studied β-blockers showed significant stereoselective interactions with one particular or with several CD derivatives. The results of the study underline the most important role of the differences in the physico-chemical and structural characteristics of ...
In the current study we developed a micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography method for t... more In the current study we developed a micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of the most frequently used tuberculostatics isoniazid and rifampicin. The influence of pH, buffer concentration, surfactant concentrations, applied voltage, system temperature, injection parameters over the separation were studied as experimental variables. The optimal separation was carried out at 20°C and 25 kV, using a 25 mM borate buffer and 50 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS at pH of 9.30. Under these conditions, the analysis was accomplished in about 3 minutes, the order of migration being isoniazid followed by rifampicin.
Adapalene (ADP) is a representative of the third retinoids generation and successfully used in fi... more Adapalene (ADP) is a representative of the third retinoids generation and successfully used in first-line acne treatment. ADP binds to retinoic acid nuclear receptors. The comedolytic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory are the known ADP effects. Its safety profile is an advantage over other retinoids. ADP recently was found to be effective in the treatment of several dermatological diseases and photoaging besides the utility in the treatment of acne vulgaris. New biological effects of adapalene with therapeutic potential are highlighted in this review paper. Thus, adapalene could be a valuable therapeutic drug into the treatment of several types of cancer. Additionally, some neurodegenerative diseases could be treated with a suitable formulation for intravenous administration. The antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of an analogue of ADP has been proven. In different therapeutic schemes, ADP is more effective in combina...
The tetracycline antibiotic class has acquired new valuable members due to the optimisation of th... more The tetracycline antibiotic class has acquired new valuable members due to the optimisation of the chemical structure. The first modern tetracycline introduced into therapy was tigecycline, followed by omadacycline, eravacycline, and sarecycline (the third generation). Structural and physicochemical key elements which led to the discovery of modern tetracyclines are approached. Thus, several chemical subgroups are distinguished, such as glycylcyclines, aminomethylcyclines, and fluorocyclines, which have excellent development potential. The antibacterial spectrum comprises several resistant bacteria, including those resistant to old tetracyclines. Sarecycline, a narrow-spectrum tetracycline, is notable for being very effective against Cutinebacterium acnes. The mechanism of antibacterial action from the perspective of the new compound is approached. Several severe bacterial infections are treated with tigecycline, omadacycline, and eravacycline (with parenteral or oral formulations)....
The main objective of this review is to highlight the urgent development of new antiviral drugs a... more The main objective of this review is to highlight the urgent development of new antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. Antiviral medication against SARS-CoV-2 comprises only remdesivir as an approved drug. Scientists are making considerable efforts to identify other effective antivirals. Investments into the de novo design of new drugs against the SARS-CoV-2 virus are few. Molnupiravir proved to be effective against the SARS-CoV-2 virus and is very close to approval. Pfizer’s two new compounds (PF-07321332, oral administration and PF-07304814, systemic administration) are in the early stages of development. Two types of methods are preferred to discover new antivirals in a short period. Repositioning of approved drugs for antiviral effect conducted to some clinical results for favipiravir, lopinavir/ritonavir, danoprevir/ritonavir, umifenovir, hydroxychloroquine, camostat and nafamostat. Virtual screening of known molecules’ libraries indicate...
Adapalene (ADA), levofloxacin (LEV), meloxicam (MEL) and miconazole nitrate (MIC) were selected a... more Adapalene (ADA), levofloxacin (LEV), meloxicam (MEL) and miconazole nitrate (MIC) were selected as potential active ingredients for film systems with dermal or transdermal delivery. This study aimed to evaluate the compatibility of four binary mixtures-ADA and LEV (M1), ADA and MIC (M2), LEV and MEL (M3), and LEV and MIC (M4)combinations for new bioadhesive polymeric matrix dermal systems produced by the casting solvent evaporation technique. The Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and molecular modelling (MM) were used to characterise and evaluate the compatibility between the selected active substances. In the FTIR data, M1, M2, and M4 mixtures presented a good compatibility. DSC revealed different chemical interactions as the temperature rose above 160°C, especially for M3 and M4. Through MM technique, interactions were found on the M2 and M3 mixtures. Following the correlation of all obtained results, the best compatibility was found to be on M1 and M4 combinations. Rezumat Adapalenul (ADA), levofloxacina (LEV), meloxicamul (MEL) şi nitratul de miconazol (MIC) au fost selectate ca potenţiale ingrediente active în sistemele de tip film cu eliberare dermică sau transdermică. Scopul acestui studiu este de a evalua compatibilitatea a patru amestecuri binare-ADA şi LEV (M1), ADA şi MIC (M2), LEV şi MEL (M3), şi LEV şi MIC (M4)-combinaţii pentru noi sisteme dermice de tip matriţă polimerică bioadezivă produse prin tehnica de turnare şi evaporare a solventului. Pentru a caracteriza şi evalua compatibilitatea dintre substanţele active selectate au fost utilizate spectroscopia cu transformată Fourier (FTIR), calorimetria cu scanare diferenţială (DSC) şi modelarea moleculară (MM). Din datele FTIR, amestecurile M1, M2 şi M4 au fost compatibilite. DSC a arătat diferite interacţiuni chimice, în special pentru M3 şi M4, la temperaturi mai mari de 160°C. Prin metoda MM au fost semnalate interacţiuni în combinaţiile M2 şi M3. Ca urmare a corelării tuturor rezultatelor obţinute, cea mai bună compatibilitate a fost găsită în combinaţiile M1 şi M4.
Cephalosporins are beta-lactam antibiotics classified into five generations. The newest generatio... more Cephalosporins are beta-lactam antibiotics classified into five generations. The newest generation has three representatives: ceftaroline fosamile, the combination ceftolozane/tazobactam (cephalosporin/beta-lactamase inhibitor), and ceftobiprole medocaril. These new cephalosporins are valuable anti-infective agents, with potent activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria, and with a positive balance between benefits and side effects. However, the fifth-generation cephalosporins should be judiciously used to prevent the occurrence of bacterial resistance phenomenon.
Adapalene (ADP) is a representative of the third retinoids generation and successfully used in fi... more Adapalene (ADP) is a representative of the third retinoids generation and successfully used in first-line acne treatment. ADP binds to retinoic acid nuclear receptors. The comedolytic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory are the known ADP effects. Its safety profile is an advantage over other retinoids. ADP recently was found to be effective in the treatment of several dermatological diseases and photoaging besides the utility in the treatment of acne vulgaris. New biological effects of adapalene with therapeutic potential are highlighted in this review paper. Thus, adapalene could be a valuable therapeutic drug into the treatment of several types of cancer. Additionally, some neurodegenerative diseases could be treated with a suitable formulation for intravenous administration. The antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of an analogue of ADP has been proven. In different therapeutic schemes, ADP is more effective in combina...
Profesia de farmacist este o profesie nobilă care a apărut şi s-a dezvoltat odată cu civilizaţia ... more Profesia de farmacist este o profesie nobilă care a apărut şi s-a dezvoltat odată cu civilizaţia umană. A fi farmacist înseamnă Primum non nocere!, o atitudine profund umană faţă de societate, profesionalism, performanţă şi mai ales pasiune. Farmacistul este expertul de necontestat în domeniul medicamentului. Pregătirea sa este continuă şi multilaterală deoarece colaborează permanent şi cu alţi profesionişti din domeniul sănătăţii, cercetării, industriei farmaceutice, învăţământului universitar etc. Bagajul de cunoştinţe de specialitate al unui farmacist este impresionant, având la bază curricula universitară vastă studiată în decursul studiilor universitare la care se adaugă ulterior cursuri postuniversitare, masterate, studii doctorale, participări la manifestări ştiinţifice, toate acestea regăsindu-se în educaţia profesională continuă a acestuia. În secolul XXI, practica farmaceutică este din ce în ce mai orientată către pacient, farmacistul fiind actorul principal al „pharmaceut...
Objective: Antibacterial quinolones represent an important class of pharmaceutical compounds that... more Objective: Antibacterial quinolones represent an important class of pharmaceutical compounds that are widely used in therapy. Analytical methods that rely on their property to absorb light in the UV range are commonly used for their analysis. In the current study we present an interpretation of the relationship between chemical structure-UV spectra based on the comparative examination of UV spectral behavior of the eighteen quinolone derivatives and four model compounds. Methods: Eighteen quinolone derivatives and four model compounds were selected and their UV spectra were recorded in different solvents (methanol, 0.1M HCl, 0.1M NaOH). Results: The studied compounds show three absorption maximum values located around 210-230 nm, 270-300 nm and 315-330 nm values. A general characteristic was observed as the absorption bands exhibited both hypsochrome and bathochrome shifts, by comparison in different solvents. Most commonly we observed a slight hypsochrome shift at acidic pH (protonated form prevails) and basic pH (anionic form prevails). The structural differences are reflected in changes of UV spectra only when there are auxochrom substituents or different basic substituents are present in the quinolones structure. Conclusions: The correlations between the chemical structure of quinolone derivatives and their UV spectra using model compounds were established. This study provides useful information that can be used successfully in various UV spectrophotometric analysis methods or in more complex analytical methods using UV detection, and also in pharmacodynamic and kinetic studies.
The evolution of the class of antibacterial quinolones includes the introduction in therapy of hi... more The evolution of the class of antibacterial quinolones includes the introduction in therapy of highly successful compounds. Although many representatives were withdrawn due to severe adverse reactions, a few representatives have proven their therapeutical value over time. The classification of antibacterial quinolones into generations is a valuable tool for physicians, pharmacists, and researchers. In addition, the transition from one generation to another has brought new representatives with improved properties. In the last two decades, several representatives of antibacterial quinolones received approval for therapy. This review sets out to chronologically outline the group of approved antibacterial quinolones since 2000. Special attention is given to eight representatives: besifloxacin, delafoxacin, finafloxacin, lascufloxacin, nadifloxacin and levonadifloxacin, nemonoxacin, and zabofloxacin. These compounds have been characterized regarding physicochemical properties, formulatio...
The evolution of the class of antibacterial quinolones includes the introduction in therapy of hi... more The evolution of the class of antibacterial quinolones includes the introduction in therapy of highly successful compounds. Although many representatives were withdrawn due to severe adverse reactions, a few representatives have proven their therapeutical value over time. The classification of antibacterial quinolones into generations is a valuable tool for physicians, pharmacists, and researchers. In addition, the transition from one generation to another has brought new representatives with improved properties. In the last two decades, several representatives of antibacterial quinolones received approval for therapy. This review sets out to chronologically outline the group of approved antibacterial quinolones since 2000. Special attention is given to eight representatives: besifloxacin, delafoxacin, finafloxacin, lascufloxacin, nadifloxacin and levonadifloxacin, nemonoxacin, and zabofloxacin. These compounds have been characterized regarding physicochemical properties, formulatio...
Introduction: Antibacterial quinolones class comprises a series of synthetic antibacterial agents... more Introduction: Antibacterial quinolones class comprises a series of synthetic antibacterial agents, following the model of nalidixic acid. Because of their common 6-fl uorosubtituent on the quinolone ring, fluroquinolones are the most potent analogues with extended spectrum of activity and great pharmacokinetic properties. The applicability of capillary zone electrophoresis for the separation of fl uoroquinolones in acidic background electrolyte has been studied, our aim being the development of a capillary zone electrophoresis method for the simultaneous separation of six fl uoroquinolones and also to optimize the analytical conditions. The six studied fl uoroquinolones were ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, enrofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin and sarafloxacin. Material and methods: Preliminary, we studied the electrophoretic behavior of six fluoroquinolones in an acidic pH, which highlighted the possibility of developing a separation method in this area of pH. Electrophoretic parameters i...
The study of bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) has constantly been expanding, especially in the las... more The study of bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) has constantly been expanding, especially in the last decade. The biosynthesis of BNPs mediated by natural extracts is simple, low-cost, and safe for the environment. Plant extracts contain phenolic compounds that act as reducing agents (flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and alkaloids) and stabilising ligands moieties (carbonyl, carboxyl, and amine groups), useful in the green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs), and are free of toxic by-products. Noble bimetallic NPs (containing silver, gold, platinum, and palladium) have potential for biomedical applications due to their safety, stability in the biological environment, and low toxicity. They substantially impact human health (applications in medicine and pharmacy) due to the proven biological effects (catalytic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antitumor, hepatoprotective, and regenerative activity). To the best of our knowledge, there are no review papers in the literature on the ...
Objective: Pharmaceutical serialization is a process in the pharmaceutical industry that offers a... more Objective: Pharmaceutical serialization is a process in the pharmaceutical industry that offers a secure solution to track and authenticate drugs in the distribution chain. The unique recognition number for every drug unit helps to identify and combat counterfeit products. This paper aims to highlight the advantages of serialization implementation as an innovative tool to combat globally the counterfeiting drugs phenomenon. Methods: Worldwide a considerable effort was focused on enhancing medicines identification. Analytical methods, development of the new lab equipment, digital solutions, and blockchain technology are the new directions for the future. Also, legislation needs to be correlated at the international level between the pharmaceutical industry, distribution, and pharmacies. Results: A good collaboration between responsible entities should be implemented to protect public health and to promote patients’ access to safe medicines. A directive implemented on European Union f...
Cephalosporins are beta-lactam antibiotics classified into five generations. The newest generatio... more Cephalosporins are beta-lactam antibiotics classified into five generations. The newest generation has three representatives: ceftaroline fosamile, the combination ceftolozane/tazobactam (cephalosporin/beta-lactamase inhibitor), and ceftobi-prole medocaril. These new cephalosporins are valuable anti-infective agents, with potent activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria, and with a positive balance between benefits and side effects. However, the fifth-generation cephalosporins should be judiciously used to prevent the occurrence of bacterial resistance phenomenon.
The present paper aims to highlight some particular aspects of pharmacy students training, focusi... more The present paper aims to highlight some particular aspects of pharmacy students training, focusing on the pharmacy students’ attitude towards medicine, through cognitive and perceptive construction. The existence of such an attitude can lead to the implementation of new viable strategies towards education and self-education. A questionnaire-based survey was applied to pharmacy students of the Faculty of Pharmacy from Târgu Mureş, Romania, in 3 different stages of their academic development (students from the 1st year, the 3rd and the 5th year), to probe their perceptions and attitudes towards medicines, their use and value. The collected data was then processed and analysed and the responses interpreted usually in the sense that differences seen are not random, but are the expression of the influence of the educational system and academic gradual maturity on the student perspectives and perceptions. However, it is necessary for the pharmacy student to empower and acknowledge, the effect of various perspectives on medicine, highlighting the effects that occur at cognitive level, according to its educational status.
The present paper aims to highlight some particular aspects of pharmacy students training, focusi... more The present paper aims to highlight some particular aspects of pharmacy students training, focusing on the pharmacy students’ attitude towards medicine, through cognitive and perceptive construction. The existence of such an attitude can lead to the implementation of new viable strategies towards education and self-education. A questionnaire-based survey was applied to pharmacy students of the Faculty of Pharmacy from Târgu Mures, Romania, in 3 different stages of their academic development (students from the 1 st year, the 3 rd and the 5 th year), to probe their perceptions and attitudes towards medicines, their use and value. The collected data was then processed and analysed and the responses interpreted usually in the sense that differences seen are not random, but are the expression of the influence of the educational system and academic gradual maturity on the student perspectives and perceptions. However, it is necessary for the pharmacy student to empower and acknowledge, th...
Objective: The compatibility of four binary active substances combinations adapalene – levofloxac... more Objective: The compatibility of four binary active substances combinations adapalene – levofloxacin (ADP-LFX), adapalene – miconazole nitrate (ADP-MCZ), levofloxacin – meloxicam (LFX-MLX) and levofloxacin – miconazole nitrate (LFX-MCZ) was analysed to be comprised in new transdermal therapeutic systems. Also, the compatibility of selected active substances and four polymeric excipients (hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose - HPMC 15000, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose - HPMC E5, ethyl cellulose - EC 10, and hydroxyethyl cellulose – HEC) was studied. Methods: Thin layer chromatographic method (TLC) and four selected mobile phases were used. On the plate (in situ) were obtained the binary combinations (active substances and active substance-polymer). Results: A good compatibility of ADP-LFX was found using ammonia : methanol : acetonitrile : methylene chloride 2:4:1:4 mobile phase. Using chloroform : acetone : glacial acetic acid 34:4:3 on the chromatogram of ADP-MCZ, only ADP spots appeared ...
One of the most effective antituberculosis treatments is the combination between isoniazid and ri... more One of the most effective antituberculosis treatments is the combination between isoniazid and rifampicin. Two alternative UV spectrophotometric methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of isoniazid and rifampicin in mixture, by employing simultaneous equation method and first-derivative spectrophotometry respectively. The determinations were performed in methanol. In the simultaneous equation method, the absorbtion maxima of the two drugs, 263 nm and 338 nm, were selected for estimation of isoniazid and rifampicin respectively. The second method was based on a first-derivative spectrophotometric method involving the determination of the analytes at their respective zero crossing point, the determinations were made at 263 nm for rifampicin and 290 nm for isoniazid respectively. Both substances obeyed LambertBeer’s law in a concentration range between 5 50 μg/mL. The analytical performances of the proposed methods were verified regarding their accuracy, linearity, pr...
The enantiomeric separation of nine frequently used β-blocker derivatives (atenolol, bisoprolol, ... more The enantiomeric separation of nine frequently used β-blocker derivatives (atenolol, bisoprolol, carvedilol, labetalol, metoprolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, propranolol, sotalol) has been studied by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) using cyclodextrines (CDs) as chiral selectors directly added to the background electrolyte with the aim to establish the optimum experimental conditions for their chiral discrimination. Various native (α, β and γ-CD), alkylated (hydroxypropyl-β-CD and randomly methylated-β-CD) and anionic (carboximethylβ-CD and sulfobuthylether-β-CD) CD derivatives were tested and electrophorectic parameters such as buffer composition, concentration and pH as well as CD type and concentration were investigated. All the studied β-blockers showed significant stereoselective interactions with one particular or with several CD derivatives. The results of the study underline the most important role of the differences in the physico-chemical and structural characteristics of ...
In the current study we developed a micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography method for t... more In the current study we developed a micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of the most frequently used tuberculostatics isoniazid and rifampicin. The influence of pH, buffer concentration, surfactant concentrations, applied voltage, system temperature, injection parameters over the separation were studied as experimental variables. The optimal separation was carried out at 20°C and 25 kV, using a 25 mM borate buffer and 50 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS at pH of 9.30. Under these conditions, the analysis was accomplished in about 3 minutes, the order of migration being isoniazid followed by rifampicin.
Adapalene (ADP) is a representative of the third retinoids generation and successfully used in fi... more Adapalene (ADP) is a representative of the third retinoids generation and successfully used in first-line acne treatment. ADP binds to retinoic acid nuclear receptors. The comedolytic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory are the known ADP effects. Its safety profile is an advantage over other retinoids. ADP recently was found to be effective in the treatment of several dermatological diseases and photoaging besides the utility in the treatment of acne vulgaris. New biological effects of adapalene with therapeutic potential are highlighted in this review paper. Thus, adapalene could be a valuable therapeutic drug into the treatment of several types of cancer. Additionally, some neurodegenerative diseases could be treated with a suitable formulation for intravenous administration. The antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of an analogue of ADP has been proven. In different therapeutic schemes, ADP is more effective in combina...
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