Candesartan Cilexetil is an antihypertensive agent currently available in combination with Hydroc... more Candesartan Cilexetil is an antihypertensive agent currently available in combination with Hydrochlorothiazide. However, it has been proven by research that half dose of Chlorthalidone is equipotent to the dose of Hydrochlorothiazide in similar combination with Candesartan Cilexetil. At present there is no Liquid Chromatographic (LC) method available for the simultaneous estimation of Candesartan Cilexetil and Chlorthalidone in pharmaceutical dosage form. A simple, rapid, reliable and robust reversed phase ultra-performance liquid Chromatography (RP-UPLC) method was developed as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The best separation was achieved in less than 5 minutes on a 50 × 2.1 mm, 2.2 µm particle size Dionex C18 column with the gradient mobile phase 5 mM, 6.2 ± 0.5 pH ammonium acetate buffer - acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min at 215nm. The detector response was linear in the range of 10-200 ppm of these drugs. LOD obtained was 3.04 ppm for ...
In this review article, considering metal oxide Nano-particles as significant specialized materia... more In this review article, considering metal oxide Nano-particles as significant specialized materials, we talked about the manufacture of metallurgical oxides Nano-particles and their ongoing applications in Nano-science and Nano-technology. Nano-innovation is quickly spreading worldwide as an all the more impressive innovation. Nano-technology controls the matter at its atomic level, thus properties such as strength, rigidity, durability, etc. of the case are extraordinarily influenced under the Nano-meter scale. Its small size and high surface-to-volume ratio give it very special properties, which can be used in our practical problems. The utilization of Nanoinnovation is equipped for meeting this present necessity while keeping up high exactness. Nano-technology is generally utilized in different fields, for the most part in medication, vehicle industry, gadgets, e-materials, assembling of Nano-composite materials and building materials to expand the viability of that specific framework. This audit additionally depicts different strategies utilized in creation of metal oxide Nano-particles. In addition, we will inspect in detail the techniques, material instruments and related employment of metal oxide materials for semiconductors. Techniques for the amalgamation of metal oxide Nano-particles and how to frame Nano-composites dependent on them are depicted, and it is seen that there are a couple of various ways to acquire individual Nanoparticles of metal oxides with specific properties. Thought is paid to the production of metal oxide Nano-particles and their application for environmental use, of which their advantage will make another class of materials and new normal developments. In the present examination, the goal is to define the creation and advance utilizations of Nano-materials.
Progress in Rubber Plastics and Recycling Technology, 2013
Nature has gifted mankind with precious resources on earth. A major part of the earth provides us... more Nature has gifted mankind with precious resources on earth. A major part of the earth provides us with renewable biomass that mostly degrades with time. Graft copolymerization is a chemical technique to improve the properties of the waste biomass and to modify its properties while sustaining the inherent trait. With the advancement of science and research many efforts have been made to modify the techniques. This review explores a brief overview of this magnificent engineering, its techniques and characterization that has helped to provide with outstanding results for better scientific and industrial achievements.
THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF FK 506 IN PYLORIC LIGATION INDUCED PEPTIC ULCER MODEL IN RATS Muthuraman... more THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF FK 506 IN PYLORIC LIGATION INDUCED PEPTIC ULCER MODEL IN RATS Muthuraman A1a, Chauhan A2*, Sood S1. 1Rayat Institute of Pharmacy, Near Railmajra, Ropar - 144533. 2Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab. Abstract Objective: The effect of FK-506 (Tacrolimus) on peptic ulcer was evaluated by using pyloric ligation model in rats. Methods: Peptic ulcer is caused by an imbalance between the offensive and defensive factors. The present study has been designed to explore the therapeutic potential of FK-506 in pyloric ligation induced peptic ulcer at different dose (1, 2 and 3 mg/kg) levels. Gastric volume, total and free acidity and ulcerative index parameters were measured to assess degree of gastric secretion and ulcer formation after four hours of pyloric ligation process. Moreover, TBARS, total calcium and GSH level have also been determined in stomach tissue at the end of the study. Results: Higher dose of FK-506 (3 mg/kg) showed significant (p<0.0...
The problem of bringing a distributed multi-process system to a consistent state after transient ... more The problem of bringing a distributed multi-process system to a consistent state after transient failure is quite a difficult task. This paper addresses two components of this problem by describing a distributed algorithm to create consistent checkpoints, as well as rollback-recovery algorithm to recover the system to a consistent state. The motive of this algorithm is to make system more fault-tolerant. The likelihood of fault grows as systems are becoming more complex and applications are requiring more resources, including execution speed, storage capacity and many more. A checkpoint is a local state of a process saved on stable storage. In case of fault in distributed system, checkpoints enable the execution of the program to resumed from a previous consistent global state rather than resuming the execution from the beginning. When a process takes a checkpoint, minimal number of additional processes is forced to take checkpoints. Similarly when a process rollback and restarts from failure, a minimal number of additional processes are forced to rollback with it. This paper presents an efficient that algorithm works on Coordinator and Cohorts mechanism where the consistent set of checkpoints is established when it is directed by the coordinator. The checkpoints are established when all cohorts finishes the task assigned by the coordinator and there is no message in transit.
Methyl acrylate (MA) monomer was graft copolymerized ontoHibiscus sabdariffastem fiber and used t... more Methyl acrylate (MA) monomer was graft copolymerized ontoHibiscus sabdariffastem fiber and used to explore the additive effect of vinyl acrylate (VA) and ethyl acrylate (EA) on percentage grafting and the properties of the fiber, in binary vinyl monomeric mixtures. The graft copolymers were reinforced into phenol-formaldehyde polymer matrix to form biocomposites and characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, DTA, and SEM techniques. They were evaluated for physico-chemical changes in properties like moisture absorption at different relative humidity levels and chemical resistance against 1 N NaOH and 1 N HCl. These graft copolymers-reinforced biocomposites had higher mechanical strength like hardness, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and stress at the limit of proportionality. These novel materials can have numerous scientific and industrial applications for the development of technology.
India is currently undergoing rapid economic, demographic, and lifestyle transformations. A key f... more India is currently undergoing rapid economic, demographic, and lifestyle transformations. A key feature of the latter transformation has been inappropriate and inadequate diets and decreases in physical activity. Data from various parts of India have shown a steady increase in the prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the metabolic syndrome, hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), etc., frequently in association with overweight or obesity. Comparative data show that Asian Indians are more sedentary than white Caucasians. In this review, the Consensus Group considered the available physical activity guidelines from international and Indian studies and formulated India-specific guidelines. A total of 60 min of physical activity is recommended every day for healthy Asian Indians in view of the high predisposition to develop T2DM and CHD. This should include at least 30 min of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, 15 min of work-related activity, and 15 min of muscle-strengthening exercises. For children, moderate-intensity physical activity for 60 min daily should be in the form of sport and physical activity. This consensus statement also includes physical activity guidelines for pregnant women, the elderly, and those suffering from obesity, T2DM, CHD, etc. Proper application of guidelines is likely to have a significant impact on the prevalence and management of obesity, the metabolic syndrome, T2DM, and CHD in Asian Indians.
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2012
The present study was designed to explore the ameliorative effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Em... more The present study was designed to explore the ameliorative effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Emblica officinalis (HAE) on renal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury induced acute renal failure (ARF). Rats were subjected to administration of HAE (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o. for 10 days) before one hour of the ischemia (30 min) reperfusion (24 h) process on the 10 th day of experiment. For evaluating the effect of HAE on acute renal failure, Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) were estimated in serum sample whereas, N-acetyl β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) was estimated in urine sample. Further, renal tissue was used to evaluate the oxidative stress markers and histopathological changes. The results demonstrated that I/R caused marked changes in various biomarker levels. However, treatment with HAE significantly attenuated these changes. Histopathological evaluation also revealed protective role of HAE on renal cortex and tubular cells. These effects clearly indicated that HAE produced renoprotective effect against I/R induced acute renal failure.
International Journal of Polymeric Materials, 2012
The paper explores the effect of graft co-polymerizing butyl acrylate onto a Roselle stem fiber w... more The paper explores the effect of graft co-polymerizing butyl acrylate onto a Roselle stem fiber with acrylonitrile and 4-vinyl pyridine as binary vinyl monomeric mixture on the graft yield, properties, and behavior of the fiber. The graft co-polymers were characterized by XRD, TG-DTA, SEM, and FTIR techniques and evaluated for different physico-chemico-thermal viability and resistance by various means. The advanced
Ischemia-reperfusion is a major event for induction of cellular apoptosis. Apoptosis is due to th... more Ischemia-reperfusion is a major event for induction of cellular apoptosis. Apoptosis is due to the activation of death receptor and/or mitochondrial pathways. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening is the cause of apoptosis. In our present study, we tried to evaluate the role of flunarizine in ischemia and reperfusion of celiac artery-induced gastric lesion in the rat. The therapeutic potential of flunarizine was assessed by measuring the changes in gastric lesion index, biomarker (i.e., thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase, and total calcium and protein content), and mitochondrial damage (i.e., adenosine triphosphate and deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation content) in ischemia and reperfusion-induced gastric lesion model. Medium and higher doses of flunarizine produced a significant (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05) ameliorative effect which was observed from the assessment of all the above-mentioned parameters (i.e., increase in reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, myeloperoxidase, and total calcium content). Similar results were also obtained from omeprazole and cyclosporine. In the pre-treated group, deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation pattern has also indicated that a mitochondria-associated anti-apoptotic effect of flunarizine was responsible to prevent the ischemia and reperfusion of celiac artery-induced gastric lesion. The gastroprotective effect of flunarizine may be produced due to its inactivation potential of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening associated with anti-oxidative, calcium regulation along with its anti-apoptotic effect.
Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation, 2012
Bioremediation is a need of time and a wise means to utilize biological waste. Naturally occurrin... more Bioremediation is a need of time and a wise means to utilize biological waste. Naturally occurring biopolymers like collagen, gelatine, clipids, fats, chitin that is processed into chitosan, can be easily modified. Microbial biopolymer feedstocks are major source of Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Polyhydroxy Alkanoates (PHA).
Candesartan Cilexetil is an antihypertensive agent currently available in combination with Hydroc... more Candesartan Cilexetil is an antihypertensive agent currently available in combination with Hydrochlorothiazide. However, it has been proven by research that half dose of Chlorthalidone is equipotent to the dose of Hydrochlorothiazide in similar combination with Candesartan Cilexetil. At present there is no Liquid Chromatographic (LC) method available for the simultaneous estimation of Candesartan Cilexetil and Chlorthalidone in pharmaceutical dosage form. A simple, rapid, reliable and robust reversed phase ultra-performance liquid Chromatography (RP-UPLC) method was developed as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The best separation was achieved in less than 5 minutes on a 50 × 2.1 mm, 2.2 µm particle size Dionex C18 column with the gradient mobile phase 5 mM, 6.2 ± 0.5 pH ammonium acetate buffer - acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min at 215nm. The detector response was linear in the range of 10-200 ppm of these drugs. LOD obtained was 3.04 ppm for ...
In this review article, considering metal oxide Nano-particles as significant specialized materia... more In this review article, considering metal oxide Nano-particles as significant specialized materials, we talked about the manufacture of metallurgical oxides Nano-particles and their ongoing applications in Nano-science and Nano-technology. Nano-innovation is quickly spreading worldwide as an all the more impressive innovation. Nano-technology controls the matter at its atomic level, thus properties such as strength, rigidity, durability, etc. of the case are extraordinarily influenced under the Nano-meter scale. Its small size and high surface-to-volume ratio give it very special properties, which can be used in our practical problems. The utilization of Nanoinnovation is equipped for meeting this present necessity while keeping up high exactness. Nano-technology is generally utilized in different fields, for the most part in medication, vehicle industry, gadgets, e-materials, assembling of Nano-composite materials and building materials to expand the viability of that specific framework. This audit additionally depicts different strategies utilized in creation of metal oxide Nano-particles. In addition, we will inspect in detail the techniques, material instruments and related employment of metal oxide materials for semiconductors. Techniques for the amalgamation of metal oxide Nano-particles and how to frame Nano-composites dependent on them are depicted, and it is seen that there are a couple of various ways to acquire individual Nanoparticles of metal oxides with specific properties. Thought is paid to the production of metal oxide Nano-particles and their application for environmental use, of which their advantage will make another class of materials and new normal developments. In the present examination, the goal is to define the creation and advance utilizations of Nano-materials.
Progress in Rubber Plastics and Recycling Technology, 2013
Nature has gifted mankind with precious resources on earth. A major part of the earth provides us... more Nature has gifted mankind with precious resources on earth. A major part of the earth provides us with renewable biomass that mostly degrades with time. Graft copolymerization is a chemical technique to improve the properties of the waste biomass and to modify its properties while sustaining the inherent trait. With the advancement of science and research many efforts have been made to modify the techniques. This review explores a brief overview of this magnificent engineering, its techniques and characterization that has helped to provide with outstanding results for better scientific and industrial achievements.
THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF FK 506 IN PYLORIC LIGATION INDUCED PEPTIC ULCER MODEL IN RATS Muthuraman... more THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF FK 506 IN PYLORIC LIGATION INDUCED PEPTIC ULCER MODEL IN RATS Muthuraman A1a, Chauhan A2*, Sood S1. 1Rayat Institute of Pharmacy, Near Railmajra, Ropar - 144533. 2Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab. Abstract Objective: The effect of FK-506 (Tacrolimus) on peptic ulcer was evaluated by using pyloric ligation model in rats. Methods: Peptic ulcer is caused by an imbalance between the offensive and defensive factors. The present study has been designed to explore the therapeutic potential of FK-506 in pyloric ligation induced peptic ulcer at different dose (1, 2 and 3 mg/kg) levels. Gastric volume, total and free acidity and ulcerative index parameters were measured to assess degree of gastric secretion and ulcer formation after four hours of pyloric ligation process. Moreover, TBARS, total calcium and GSH level have also been determined in stomach tissue at the end of the study. Results: Higher dose of FK-506 (3 mg/kg) showed significant (p<0.0...
The problem of bringing a distributed multi-process system to a consistent state after transient ... more The problem of bringing a distributed multi-process system to a consistent state after transient failure is quite a difficult task. This paper addresses two components of this problem by describing a distributed algorithm to create consistent checkpoints, as well as rollback-recovery algorithm to recover the system to a consistent state. The motive of this algorithm is to make system more fault-tolerant. The likelihood of fault grows as systems are becoming more complex and applications are requiring more resources, including execution speed, storage capacity and many more. A checkpoint is a local state of a process saved on stable storage. In case of fault in distributed system, checkpoints enable the execution of the program to resumed from a previous consistent global state rather than resuming the execution from the beginning. When a process takes a checkpoint, minimal number of additional processes is forced to take checkpoints. Similarly when a process rollback and restarts from failure, a minimal number of additional processes are forced to rollback with it. This paper presents an efficient that algorithm works on Coordinator and Cohorts mechanism where the consistent set of checkpoints is established when it is directed by the coordinator. The checkpoints are established when all cohorts finishes the task assigned by the coordinator and there is no message in transit.
Methyl acrylate (MA) monomer was graft copolymerized ontoHibiscus sabdariffastem fiber and used t... more Methyl acrylate (MA) monomer was graft copolymerized ontoHibiscus sabdariffastem fiber and used to explore the additive effect of vinyl acrylate (VA) and ethyl acrylate (EA) on percentage grafting and the properties of the fiber, in binary vinyl monomeric mixtures. The graft copolymers were reinforced into phenol-formaldehyde polymer matrix to form biocomposites and characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, DTA, and SEM techniques. They were evaluated for physico-chemical changes in properties like moisture absorption at different relative humidity levels and chemical resistance against 1 N NaOH and 1 N HCl. These graft copolymers-reinforced biocomposites had higher mechanical strength like hardness, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and stress at the limit of proportionality. These novel materials can have numerous scientific and industrial applications for the development of technology.
India is currently undergoing rapid economic, demographic, and lifestyle transformations. A key f... more India is currently undergoing rapid economic, demographic, and lifestyle transformations. A key feature of the latter transformation has been inappropriate and inadequate diets and decreases in physical activity. Data from various parts of India have shown a steady increase in the prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the metabolic syndrome, hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), etc., frequently in association with overweight or obesity. Comparative data show that Asian Indians are more sedentary than white Caucasians. In this review, the Consensus Group considered the available physical activity guidelines from international and Indian studies and formulated India-specific guidelines. A total of 60 min of physical activity is recommended every day for healthy Asian Indians in view of the high predisposition to develop T2DM and CHD. This should include at least 30 min of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, 15 min of work-related activity, and 15 min of muscle-strengthening exercises. For children, moderate-intensity physical activity for 60 min daily should be in the form of sport and physical activity. This consensus statement also includes physical activity guidelines for pregnant women, the elderly, and those suffering from obesity, T2DM, CHD, etc. Proper application of guidelines is likely to have a significant impact on the prevalence and management of obesity, the metabolic syndrome, T2DM, and CHD in Asian Indians.
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2012
The present study was designed to explore the ameliorative effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Em... more The present study was designed to explore the ameliorative effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Emblica officinalis (HAE) on renal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury induced acute renal failure (ARF). Rats were subjected to administration of HAE (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o. for 10 days) before one hour of the ischemia (30 min) reperfusion (24 h) process on the 10 th day of experiment. For evaluating the effect of HAE on acute renal failure, Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) were estimated in serum sample whereas, N-acetyl β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) was estimated in urine sample. Further, renal tissue was used to evaluate the oxidative stress markers and histopathological changes. The results demonstrated that I/R caused marked changes in various biomarker levels. However, treatment with HAE significantly attenuated these changes. Histopathological evaluation also revealed protective role of HAE on renal cortex and tubular cells. These effects clearly indicated that HAE produced renoprotective effect against I/R induced acute renal failure.
International Journal of Polymeric Materials, 2012
The paper explores the effect of graft co-polymerizing butyl acrylate onto a Roselle stem fiber w... more The paper explores the effect of graft co-polymerizing butyl acrylate onto a Roselle stem fiber with acrylonitrile and 4-vinyl pyridine as binary vinyl monomeric mixture on the graft yield, properties, and behavior of the fiber. The graft co-polymers were characterized by XRD, TG-DTA, SEM, and FTIR techniques and evaluated for different physico-chemico-thermal viability and resistance by various means. The advanced
Ischemia-reperfusion is a major event for induction of cellular apoptosis. Apoptosis is due to th... more Ischemia-reperfusion is a major event for induction of cellular apoptosis. Apoptosis is due to the activation of death receptor and/or mitochondrial pathways. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening is the cause of apoptosis. In our present study, we tried to evaluate the role of flunarizine in ischemia and reperfusion of celiac artery-induced gastric lesion in the rat. The therapeutic potential of flunarizine was assessed by measuring the changes in gastric lesion index, biomarker (i.e., thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase, and total calcium and protein content), and mitochondrial damage (i.e., adenosine triphosphate and deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation content) in ischemia and reperfusion-induced gastric lesion model. Medium and higher doses of flunarizine produced a significant (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05) ameliorative effect which was observed from the assessment of all the above-mentioned parameters (i.e., increase in reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, myeloperoxidase, and total calcium content). Similar results were also obtained from omeprazole and cyclosporine. In the pre-treated group, deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation pattern has also indicated that a mitochondria-associated anti-apoptotic effect of flunarizine was responsible to prevent the ischemia and reperfusion of celiac artery-induced gastric lesion. The gastroprotective effect of flunarizine may be produced due to its inactivation potential of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening associated with anti-oxidative, calcium regulation along with its anti-apoptotic effect.
Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation, 2012
Bioremediation is a need of time and a wise means to utilize biological waste. Naturally occurrin... more Bioremediation is a need of time and a wise means to utilize biological waste. Naturally occurring biopolymers like collagen, gelatine, clipids, fats, chitin that is processed into chitosan, can be easily modified. Microbial biopolymer feedstocks are major source of Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Polyhydroxy Alkanoates (PHA).
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Papers by Ashish Chauhan