Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim) is Rosaceae family perennial herb. Traditional uses ... more Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim) is Rosaceae family perennial herb. Traditional uses of F. ulmaria include inflammatory problems like rheumatism, arthrosis, and arthritis), gastrointestinal disorders, liver malfunction, and gout. The pharmaceutical industry has been very interested in this plant because of its health benefits. The presence of phenolic secondary metabolites is thought to be the primary cause of meadowsweet's biological activity and therapeutic efficacy. This study was intended to compare and evaluate the biological activities (antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor and toxicity) and phenolic profiles (total phenol-flavonoid content and individual phenolic constituents) of F. ulmaria aerial parts obtained from two different sources (naturally-and in vitro-grown). Antibacterial activity was evaluated using 17 different bacteria (10 human and 7 fish pathogens) with disc diffusion method. Methanolic extracts of in vitro-grown parts showed higher antibacterial effect than naturally-grown parts with all tested bacterial pathogens (human and fish). On the other hand, other extracts (aqueous, ethanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate) demonstrated higher antibacterial potential with field-grown parts. The highest sensitivity was observed with Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus and Enterobacter cloacae to aqueous extract of field-grown plants. The potent antibacterial activity of F. ulmaria extracts rendered the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-induced potato disc tumor assay inapplicable. Toxicity assay (brine shrimp) showed that aqueous extract of both sources had the lowest toxicity. Methanolic extract of both parts had a strong antioxidant potential (DPPH radical scavenging activty) having IC50 values as 205.65 µg/mL and 206.74 µg/mL, respectively, and similar level of overall total phenol-flavonoid contents. Individual phenolic analysis with HPLC-DAD showed that the most prevalent phenol was rutin in both sources. While the quantities of chlorogenic acid in both aerial parts were similar, the parts that were grown naturally had higher levels of salicylic acid and rutin. These findings demonstrated the effective antibacterial and antioxidant properties, high phenolic content, and low toxicity of both F. ulmaria sources, indicating that they can be utilized in nutraceutical industry due to their high health promoting potential.
Interest in organic growing systems that means no harm to the environment, mankind, and the world... more Interest in organic growing systems that means no harm to the environment, mankind, and the world’s natural ecosystem is increasing. This study evaluated the impact of organic versus conventional cultivation method on eggplants (Topan-374 and Pala-49), tomatoes (Rio Grande and Pink), and bell pepper (Kandil dolma) considering individual phenols, total phenol-flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial potential. Peel and pulp of eggplants were evaluated separately. Organic cultivation enhanced trans-ferulic acid in the peels of both eggplant cultivars and the pulp of Pala-49. Organic Pala-49 had also higher amounts of cyanidin and caffeic acid in the peel, and only caffeic acid in the pulp. Chlorogenic acid was found in higher quantities in organic Rio Grande tomato and bell pepper. All organically grown vegetables in our study had significantly higher total phenol and flavonoid contents than conventional ones except Pink tomato. Organic farming significantly enhanced...
Lichens have been commonly used in traditional medicine. Biological potential (anti-proliferative... more Lichens have been commonly used in traditional medicine. Biological potential (anti-proliferative, antioxidant and anti-bacterial) and chemical content of five lichen species (E. divaricata, L. vulpina, L. pulmonaria, R. fraxinea and U. florida) were assessed in relation to traditional knowledge. Consistent with folkloric usage, the strongest anti-proliferative activity was observed with L. pulmonaria against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2/C3A) cell line. L. pulmonaria also showed the highest antioxidant capacity. While E. divaricata had the most phenolic content, the highest flavonoid content was determined in L. pulmonaria. All lichen extracts showed the best antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and only R. fraxinea had a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. HPLC-DAD analysis revealed that L. pulmonaria and U. florida were the best sources of stictic acid and usnic acid, respectively. Traditional usages of tested lichens were justified with this study and nutraceutical potentials of them were revealed. Rezumat Studiul prezintă potențialul biologic (antiproliferativ, antioxidant și antibacterian) și conținutul chimic a cinci specii de licheni (E. divaricata, L. vulpina, L. pulmonaria, R. fraxinea și U. florida) care au fost evaluate în raport cu utilizările tradiționale. Cea mai intensă activitate antiproliferativă a fost observată pentru L. pulmonaria asupra liniei celulare de carcinom hepatocelular uman (HepG2/C3A). L. pulmonaria a prezentat, de asemenea, cea mai pronunțată capacitate antioxidantă. În timp ce E. divaricata a prezentat cel mai mare conținut fenolic, cel mai mare conținut de flavonoide a fost determinat în L. pulmonaria. Toate extractele de lichen au prezentat cea mai bună activitate antibacteriană împotriva bacteriilor Gram-pozitive și doar R. fraxinea a avut un spectru larg de activitate antibacteriană. Analiza HPLC-DAD a arătat că L. pulmonaria și U. florida reprezintă cele mai bune surse de acid stictic și, respectiv, acid usnic. Utilizările tradiționale ale lichenilor testați au fost justificate prin acest studiu și au fost dezvăluite potențialele nutraceutice ale acestora.
Echium orientale L. is a Turkish endemic plant in the family Boraginaceae. The aim of this study ... more Echium orientale L. is a Turkish endemic plant in the family Boraginaceae. The aim of this study was to develop an efficient in vitro culture protocol for E. orientale and compare the field-grown and in vitro-grown leaves in terms of antibacterial, antitumor and antioxidant activities and phenolic profiles. Leaf and petiole explants were cultured on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium with various plant growth regulator combinations. Best shoot proliferation was obtained from leaf explant with 1 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.5 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), producing 8.7 shoots per explant at 100% shoot frequency. Regenerated shoots were transferred to rooting media containing different levels of IAA, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The best root formation was observed with MS basal medium (control). Rooted explants were transferred to vermiculate in Magenta containers for acclimatization and after 3 weeks they were tr...
Traditional usages of medicinal plants can be justified scientifically with bioassays. Three diff... more Traditional usages of medicinal plants can be justified scientifically with bioassays. Three different extracts (aqueous, methanol and ethanol) of 11 Turkish traditional plants [Mentha longifolia (L.) L., Lamium album subsp. crinitum (Montbret & Aucher ex Benth.) Mennema, Sideritis taurica Steph. ex Willd., Hypericum perforatum L., Hypericum linarioides Bosse, Cyanus triumfettii (All.) Dostál ex Á. Löve & D. Löve, Daphne oleoides Schreb., Anemone nemorosa L., Polygonatum orientale Desf., Cynoglossum montanum L. and Hyoscyamus niger L.] were evaluated for their antibacterial and antitumor potentials. Antibacterial activity was evaluated with 3 Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes) and 7 Gram-negative (Serratia marcescens, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae and Escheria coli) bacteria by using disc diffusion method. Ethanol and methanol extracts of S. tauric...
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2020
Astragalus gymnolobus Fischer (Leguminosae family) is an endemic plant to Turkey. Firstly, an in ... more Astragalus gymnolobus Fischer (Leguminosae family) is an endemic plant to Turkey. Firstly, an in vitro regeneration system was achieved using leaf and petiole explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different cytokinins [Thidiazuron (TDZ), Kinetin (KIN), Benzyladenine (BA)], auxins [Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA), Indole3-Acetic Acid (IAA), 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA)] and Gibberellic Acid (GA3) at diverse concentrations. Best shoot formation was obtained with leaf explants and only TDZ alone or TDZ and IAA combinations were effective for shoot forming. The best shoot inducing response (17.60 shoots per explant at 23.81% shoot frequency) was recorded at 0.5 mg L TDZ alone. Among the TDZ standalone treatments, 0.05 and 0.1 mg L TDZ were also effective in terms of shoot induction frequency (31.82 and 30.43%, respectively). Root formation was obtained after 3 months (3.5 roots per shoot with 77.8% root frequency) only in a...
Bioassays provide an authentication of the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants. Antibacteri... more Bioassays provide an authentication of the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants. Antibacterial, antioxidant and phenolic content of nine medicinal plants (Achillea millefolium, Prunella vulgaris, P. laciniata, Lythrum salicaria, Epilobium angustifolium, E. hirsutum, Pedicularis comosa, Agrimonia eupatoria and Verbena officinalis) were investigated in connection with folkloric usages. Aerial parts of nine plant species were extracted with water and methanol (MeOH). Disc diffusion method was performed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the extracts against ten pathogenic bacteria. Antioxidant activity was determined by using 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical photometric assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were investigated by using Folin-Ciocaltaeu and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric method, respectively. Quantitative analysis of phenolic constituents of nine plants species were performed by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array dete...
Lichens are a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner. Chemical char... more Lichens are a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner. Chemical characterization and bioactive potentials (antiproliferative, antioxidant, and antibacterial) of five lichen species (Evernia prunastri, Platismatia glauca, Pseudevernia furfuracea, Ramalina fastigiata, and Ramalina farinacea) were assessed. Five lichen metabolites (usnic acid, atranorin, stictic acid, evernic acid, and fumarprotocetraric acid) were analyzed by HPLC-DAD. E. prunastri was noteworthy evernic acid source. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated using human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2/C3A) cell lines. The strongest activity was observed for P. glauca against HepG2/C3A, while the only lichen species that induced cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell line was P. furfuracea. The highest antioxidant activity was also obtained with P. furfuracea. E. prunastri and R. farinaceae had the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. Antibacterial activities of the extracts were determined against ten pathogenic bacteria. The most effective antibacterial agent was methanol extract of R. fastigiata. Our findings have revealed the pharmaceutical potentials of tested lichen species.
Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial plant belonging to Asteraceae family. It is o... more Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial plant belonging to Asteraceae family. It is one of the most suitable plants for growing organically. Artichoke has been used as choleretic, hepatoprotective, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial, cholesterol-reducing, and diuretic in traditional medicine. Artichoke has been cultivated worldwide because of its nutritional value and medicinal properties. In this study organically and conventionally grown artichokes were compared in terms of phenolic constituents, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Artichoke leaves, bracts, and floral receptacles obtained from 2 different sources (organic and conventional) were freeze-dried, powdered, and extracts were prepared with methanol. Phenolic constituents (chlorogenic acid, cynarin, luteolin, and apigenin) were analysed by HPLC-DAD system. It was found that organic farming enhanced cynarin, chlorogenic acid, and luteolin amounts in receptacle (edible ...
Objective: To determine whether systemically given stinging nettle (SN) has an effect on bone for... more Objective: To determine whether systemically given stinging nettle (SN) has an effect on bone formation in response to expansion of the rat inter-premaxillary suture. Materials and Methods: A total of 28 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: control (C), only expansion (OE), SN extract given only during the expansion and retention periods (SN group; a total of 17 days), and SN extract given during the nursery phase before expansion (a period of 40 days) and during the expansion and retention periods (N + SN group; a total of 57 days). After the 5-day expansion period was completed, the rats in the OE, SN, and N + SN groups underwent 12 days of mechanical retention, after which they were sacrificed, and their premaxilla were dissected and fixed. A histologic evaluation was done to determine the number of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and capillaries, as well as the number and intensity of inflammatory cells and new bone formation. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the groups in all histologic parameters except the ratio of intensities of inflammatory cells. New bone formation and the number of capillaries were significantly higher in the SN groups than in the other groups. The statistical analysis also showed that the numbers of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and capillaries were highest in the N+SN group. Conclusion: Systemic administration of SN may be effective in accelerating new bone formation and reducing inflammation in the maxillary expansion procedure. It may also be beneficial in preventing relapse after the expansion procedure.
Purpose: To determine the phenolic composition and antiproliferative activity of 16 different ext... more Purpose: To determine the phenolic composition and antiproliferative activity of 16 different extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and water) obtained from Bellis perennis, Convolvulus galaticus, Trifolium pannonicum and Lysimachia vulgaris on human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2/C3A) cell lines. Methods: The aerial parts of the plants were successively extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and water using a Soxhlet apparatus. The phenolic content of the plants were determined by plants by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) while their antiproliferative activity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide, a yellow tetrazole (MTT) assay. Results: Among the tested extracts, the methanol extract of B. perennis showed the best antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cell line with IC50 (inhibiting 50 % of cell growth) value of 71.6 µg/mL. Furthermore, the dichloromethane extract of C. galaticus showed the best anti-proliferative activity against HepG2/C3A cell line with IC50 of 57.3 µg/mL. The HPLC data for the plant extracts showed the presence of the following phenolic compounds: gallic acid monohydrate, caffeic acid, rutin hydrate, luteolin-7-O-β-D glucoside, kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, coumarin and apigenin. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that there is some justification for the use of B. perennis and C. galaticus as traditional anticancer medicinal herbs.
Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of systemic St John's w... more Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of systemic St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) on bone formation in the expanded premaxillary suture in rats. Materials/Methods: A total of 28 rats were randomly divided into four groups of equal numbers: control (C); only expansion (OE); St John's wort extract given only during the expansion and retention period (a total of 17 days; SJW group); and St John's wort extract given during the nursery phase before expansion (a period of 40 days), and during the expansion and retention periods (a total of 57 days; N + SJW group). After the 5 day expansion period was completed, the rats in the OE, SJW, and N + SJW groups underwent 12 days of mechanical retention, following which they were killed, and their premaxilla dissected and fixed. Histological examination was performed to determine the number of osteoclasts and capillaries, as well as the number of osteoblasts, inflammatory cell infiltration, and the amount of new bone formation. Results: Statistical analysis showed that the number of osteoclasts and capillaries, and the inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as new bone formation, were higher in the SJW and N + SJW groups than in the other groups. However, statistical analysis demonstrated that among these two groups, all parameters, with the exception of the number of capillaries, were higher in the N + SJW group than the SJW group. Conclusions/Implications: Although more effective in long-term usage, systemic use of St John's wort hastens new bone regeneration at the premaxillary suture and may help prevent relapse after expansion.
Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 2014
Screening of antibacterial and antitumour activities of 33 different extracts prepared with three... more Screening of antibacterial and antitumour activities of 33 different extracts prepared with three types of solvents (water, ethanol and methanol) was conducted. The extracts were obtained from 11 different plant species grown in Turkey: Eryngium campestre L., Alchemilla mollis (Buser) Rothm., Dorycnium pentaphyllum Scop., Coronilla varia L., Onobrychis oxyodonta Boiss., Fritillaria pontica Wahlenb., Asarum europaeum L., Rhinanthus angustifolius C. C. Gmelin, Doronicum orientale Hoffm., Campanula glomerata L. and Campanula olympica Boiss. Antibacterial activity against six bacteria was evaluated: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis by using disc diffusion and well diffusion methods. S. aureus and S. epidermidis were most sensitive to the methanolic extract from A. europaeum. S. pyogenes was vulnerable to all used extracts of D. orientale. In addition, ethanolic or methanolic extracts of E. campestre, A. mollis, D. pentaphyllum, C. varia, R. angustifolius, C. glomerata and C. olympica displayed strong antibacterial activity against at least one of the tested gram-negative bacteria. The methanolic extract from R. angustifolius showed a broad-spectrum activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Antitumour activity was evaluated with Agrobacterium-tumefaciens-induced potato disc tumour assay. Best antitumour activity was obtained with the aqueous extract from A. europaeum and methanolic extract from E. campestre (100% and 86% tumour inhibition, respectively).
An efficient in vitro regeneration system for Bellis perennis L. and comparison of phenolic conte... more An efficient in vitro regeneration system for Bellis perennis L. and comparison of phenolic contents of field-grown and in vitro-grown leaves by LC-MS/MS
Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 2012
... ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTITUMOR ACTIVITIES OF SOME WILD FRUITS GROWN IN TURKEY. Arzu Ucar Turker,... more ... ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTITUMOR ACTIVITIES OF SOME WILD FRUITS GROWN IN TURKEY. Arzu Ucar Turker, Arzu Birinci Yildirim and Fatma Pehlivan Karakas. ... J. Food Sci. Nutr., 59, 643-651. Stoner GD, Chen T., Kresty LA, Aziz RM, Reinemann T., Nines R. (2006) Nutr. ...
African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2017
Background: Lysimachia vulgaris L. (Yellow loosestrife) is a medicinal plant in the family Myrsin... more Background: Lysimachia vulgaris L. (Yellow loosestrife) is a medicinal plant in the family Myrsinaceae. It has been used in the treatment of fever, ulcer, diarrhea and wounds in folk medicine. It has also analgesic, expectorant, astringent and antiinflammatory activities. Two different sources of the plant (field-grown and in vitro-grown) were used to evaluate the biological activities (antibacterial, antitumor and antioxidant) of L. vulgaris. In vitro-grown plant materials were collected from L. vulgaris plants that were previously regenerated in our laboratory. Materials and Methods: Plant materials were extracted with water, ethanol and acetone. For antibacterial test, disc diffusion method and 10 different pathogenic bacteria were used. Antioxidant activity was indicated by using DPPH method. The total phenol amount by using Folin-Ciocaltaeu method and the total flavonoid amount by using aluminum chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric method were determined. Results: Generally, yellow lo...
Screening of antibacterial activity and toxicity of 22 aqueous plant extracts from 17 Turkish pla... more Screening of antibacterial activity and toxicity of 22 aqueous plant extracts from 17 Turkish plants was conducted. Antibacterial activity was performed with six bacteria including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Extracts of Tussilago farfara leaves, Helichyrsum plicatum flowers, Solanum dulcamara aerial parts and Urtica dioica leaves gave the best inhibitory activity against S. pyogenes, S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Of the 22 plant extracts, 20 extracts displayed toxicity (LC50 was <1000 mg L(-1)) in the brine shrimp bioassay. For radish seed bioassay, two different determinations (root length and seed germination) were performed with a comparison between two concentrations (50,000 mg L(-1) and 10,000 mg L(-1)). At low concentration (10,000 mg L(-1)), S. dulcamara aerial parts and Primula vulgaris leaf extracts were observed to inhibit the root length more than the other plant extracts. Also, the most inhibitive plant extract for seed germination was obtained with S. dulcamara aerial parts.
This paper describes an efficient in vitro micropropagation of Artemisia vulgaris using shoot tip... more This paper describes an efficient in vitro micropropagation of Artemisia vulgaris using shoot tip and nodal explants. Among the various growth regulators tested, MS medium and B 5 vitamins supplemented with BA (4.44 lM) and KN (2.32 lM) combination was found to yield a better response than BA (4.44-13.32 lM) or KN (0.46-13.92 lM) alone in the medium. BA and KN combinations produced a maximum of 23.3 shoots per explant with 99.8% shooting frequency. Multiple shoots raised were elongated on MS medium containing 0.44 lM BA and 1.44 lM GA 3. Rooting was highest (98.2%) on MS medium containing 8.56 lM IAA. Rooted plantlets were successfully transferred to plastic cups containing autoclaved garden soil, farmyard soil and sand (2:1:1) for hardening. After 65 days, the plantlets were transferred to Botanical Evaluation Garden and maintained. The survival rate of plantlets varied under acclimatization. Plants looked healthy with no visually detectable phenotypic variations. This is the first report on plant regeneration via organogenesis of A. vulgaris. Keywords Shoot organogenesis Á Growth regulators Á Rooting Á In vitro establishment Á Ex vitro Communicated by M. Saniewski.
Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim) is Rosaceae family perennial herb. Traditional uses ... more Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim) is Rosaceae family perennial herb. Traditional uses of F. ulmaria include inflammatory problems like rheumatism, arthrosis, and arthritis), gastrointestinal disorders, liver malfunction, and gout. The pharmaceutical industry has been very interested in this plant because of its health benefits. The presence of phenolic secondary metabolites is thought to be the primary cause of meadowsweet's biological activity and therapeutic efficacy. This study was intended to compare and evaluate the biological activities (antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor and toxicity) and phenolic profiles (total phenol-flavonoid content and individual phenolic constituents) of F. ulmaria aerial parts obtained from two different sources (naturally-and in vitro-grown). Antibacterial activity was evaluated using 17 different bacteria (10 human and 7 fish pathogens) with disc diffusion method. Methanolic extracts of in vitro-grown parts showed higher antibacterial effect than naturally-grown parts with all tested bacterial pathogens (human and fish). On the other hand, other extracts (aqueous, ethanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate) demonstrated higher antibacterial potential with field-grown parts. The highest sensitivity was observed with Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus and Enterobacter cloacae to aqueous extract of field-grown plants. The potent antibacterial activity of F. ulmaria extracts rendered the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-induced potato disc tumor assay inapplicable. Toxicity assay (brine shrimp) showed that aqueous extract of both sources had the lowest toxicity. Methanolic extract of both parts had a strong antioxidant potential (DPPH radical scavenging activty) having IC50 values as 205.65 µg/mL and 206.74 µg/mL, respectively, and similar level of overall total phenol-flavonoid contents. Individual phenolic analysis with HPLC-DAD showed that the most prevalent phenol was rutin in both sources. While the quantities of chlorogenic acid in both aerial parts were similar, the parts that were grown naturally had higher levels of salicylic acid and rutin. These findings demonstrated the effective antibacterial and antioxidant properties, high phenolic content, and low toxicity of both F. ulmaria sources, indicating that they can be utilized in nutraceutical industry due to their high health promoting potential.
Interest in organic growing systems that means no harm to the environment, mankind, and the world... more Interest in organic growing systems that means no harm to the environment, mankind, and the world’s natural ecosystem is increasing. This study evaluated the impact of organic versus conventional cultivation method on eggplants (Topan-374 and Pala-49), tomatoes (Rio Grande and Pink), and bell pepper (Kandil dolma) considering individual phenols, total phenol-flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial potential. Peel and pulp of eggplants were evaluated separately. Organic cultivation enhanced trans-ferulic acid in the peels of both eggplant cultivars and the pulp of Pala-49. Organic Pala-49 had also higher amounts of cyanidin and caffeic acid in the peel, and only caffeic acid in the pulp. Chlorogenic acid was found in higher quantities in organic Rio Grande tomato and bell pepper. All organically grown vegetables in our study had significantly higher total phenol and flavonoid contents than conventional ones except Pink tomato. Organic farming significantly enhanced...
Lichens have been commonly used in traditional medicine. Biological potential (anti-proliferative... more Lichens have been commonly used in traditional medicine. Biological potential (anti-proliferative, antioxidant and anti-bacterial) and chemical content of five lichen species (E. divaricata, L. vulpina, L. pulmonaria, R. fraxinea and U. florida) were assessed in relation to traditional knowledge. Consistent with folkloric usage, the strongest anti-proliferative activity was observed with L. pulmonaria against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2/C3A) cell line. L. pulmonaria also showed the highest antioxidant capacity. While E. divaricata had the most phenolic content, the highest flavonoid content was determined in L. pulmonaria. All lichen extracts showed the best antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and only R. fraxinea had a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. HPLC-DAD analysis revealed that L. pulmonaria and U. florida were the best sources of stictic acid and usnic acid, respectively. Traditional usages of tested lichens were justified with this study and nutraceutical potentials of them were revealed. Rezumat Studiul prezintă potențialul biologic (antiproliferativ, antioxidant și antibacterian) și conținutul chimic a cinci specii de licheni (E. divaricata, L. vulpina, L. pulmonaria, R. fraxinea și U. florida) care au fost evaluate în raport cu utilizările tradiționale. Cea mai intensă activitate antiproliferativă a fost observată pentru L. pulmonaria asupra liniei celulare de carcinom hepatocelular uman (HepG2/C3A). L. pulmonaria a prezentat, de asemenea, cea mai pronunțată capacitate antioxidantă. În timp ce E. divaricata a prezentat cel mai mare conținut fenolic, cel mai mare conținut de flavonoide a fost determinat în L. pulmonaria. Toate extractele de lichen au prezentat cea mai bună activitate antibacteriană împotriva bacteriilor Gram-pozitive și doar R. fraxinea a avut un spectru larg de activitate antibacteriană. Analiza HPLC-DAD a arătat că L. pulmonaria și U. florida reprezintă cele mai bune surse de acid stictic și, respectiv, acid usnic. Utilizările tradiționale ale lichenilor testați au fost justificate prin acest studiu și au fost dezvăluite potențialele nutraceutice ale acestora.
Echium orientale L. is a Turkish endemic plant in the family Boraginaceae. The aim of this study ... more Echium orientale L. is a Turkish endemic plant in the family Boraginaceae. The aim of this study was to develop an efficient in vitro culture protocol for E. orientale and compare the field-grown and in vitro-grown leaves in terms of antibacterial, antitumor and antioxidant activities and phenolic profiles. Leaf and petiole explants were cultured on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium with various plant growth regulator combinations. Best shoot proliferation was obtained from leaf explant with 1 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.5 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), producing 8.7 shoots per explant at 100% shoot frequency. Regenerated shoots were transferred to rooting media containing different levels of IAA, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The best root formation was observed with MS basal medium (control). Rooted explants were transferred to vermiculate in Magenta containers for acclimatization and after 3 weeks they were tr...
Traditional usages of medicinal plants can be justified scientifically with bioassays. Three diff... more Traditional usages of medicinal plants can be justified scientifically with bioassays. Three different extracts (aqueous, methanol and ethanol) of 11 Turkish traditional plants [Mentha longifolia (L.) L., Lamium album subsp. crinitum (Montbret & Aucher ex Benth.) Mennema, Sideritis taurica Steph. ex Willd., Hypericum perforatum L., Hypericum linarioides Bosse, Cyanus triumfettii (All.) Dostál ex Á. Löve & D. Löve, Daphne oleoides Schreb., Anemone nemorosa L., Polygonatum orientale Desf., Cynoglossum montanum L. and Hyoscyamus niger L.] were evaluated for their antibacterial and antitumor potentials. Antibacterial activity was evaluated with 3 Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes) and 7 Gram-negative (Serratia marcescens, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae and Escheria coli) bacteria by using disc diffusion method. Ethanol and methanol extracts of S. tauric...
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2020
Astragalus gymnolobus Fischer (Leguminosae family) is an endemic plant to Turkey. Firstly, an in ... more Astragalus gymnolobus Fischer (Leguminosae family) is an endemic plant to Turkey. Firstly, an in vitro regeneration system was achieved using leaf and petiole explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different cytokinins [Thidiazuron (TDZ), Kinetin (KIN), Benzyladenine (BA)], auxins [Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA), Indole3-Acetic Acid (IAA), 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA)] and Gibberellic Acid (GA3) at diverse concentrations. Best shoot formation was obtained with leaf explants and only TDZ alone or TDZ and IAA combinations were effective for shoot forming. The best shoot inducing response (17.60 shoots per explant at 23.81% shoot frequency) was recorded at 0.5 mg L TDZ alone. Among the TDZ standalone treatments, 0.05 and 0.1 mg L TDZ were also effective in terms of shoot induction frequency (31.82 and 30.43%, respectively). Root formation was obtained after 3 months (3.5 roots per shoot with 77.8% root frequency) only in a...
Bioassays provide an authentication of the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants. Antibacteri... more Bioassays provide an authentication of the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants. Antibacterial, antioxidant and phenolic content of nine medicinal plants (Achillea millefolium, Prunella vulgaris, P. laciniata, Lythrum salicaria, Epilobium angustifolium, E. hirsutum, Pedicularis comosa, Agrimonia eupatoria and Verbena officinalis) were investigated in connection with folkloric usages. Aerial parts of nine plant species were extracted with water and methanol (MeOH). Disc diffusion method was performed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the extracts against ten pathogenic bacteria. Antioxidant activity was determined by using 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical photometric assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were investigated by using Folin-Ciocaltaeu and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric method, respectively. Quantitative analysis of phenolic constituents of nine plants species were performed by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array dete...
Lichens are a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner. Chemical char... more Lichens are a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner. Chemical characterization and bioactive potentials (antiproliferative, antioxidant, and antibacterial) of five lichen species (Evernia prunastri, Platismatia glauca, Pseudevernia furfuracea, Ramalina fastigiata, and Ramalina farinacea) were assessed. Five lichen metabolites (usnic acid, atranorin, stictic acid, evernic acid, and fumarprotocetraric acid) were analyzed by HPLC-DAD. E. prunastri was noteworthy evernic acid source. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated using human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2/C3A) cell lines. The strongest activity was observed for P. glauca against HepG2/C3A, while the only lichen species that induced cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell line was P. furfuracea. The highest antioxidant activity was also obtained with P. furfuracea. E. prunastri and R. farinaceae had the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. Antibacterial activities of the extracts were determined against ten pathogenic bacteria. The most effective antibacterial agent was methanol extract of R. fastigiata. Our findings have revealed the pharmaceutical potentials of tested lichen species.
Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial plant belonging to Asteraceae family. It is o... more Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial plant belonging to Asteraceae family. It is one of the most suitable plants for growing organically. Artichoke has been used as choleretic, hepatoprotective, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial, cholesterol-reducing, and diuretic in traditional medicine. Artichoke has been cultivated worldwide because of its nutritional value and medicinal properties. In this study organically and conventionally grown artichokes were compared in terms of phenolic constituents, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Artichoke leaves, bracts, and floral receptacles obtained from 2 different sources (organic and conventional) were freeze-dried, powdered, and extracts were prepared with methanol. Phenolic constituents (chlorogenic acid, cynarin, luteolin, and apigenin) were analysed by HPLC-DAD system. It was found that organic farming enhanced cynarin, chlorogenic acid, and luteolin amounts in receptacle (edible ...
Objective: To determine whether systemically given stinging nettle (SN) has an effect on bone for... more Objective: To determine whether systemically given stinging nettle (SN) has an effect on bone formation in response to expansion of the rat inter-premaxillary suture. Materials and Methods: A total of 28 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: control (C), only expansion (OE), SN extract given only during the expansion and retention periods (SN group; a total of 17 days), and SN extract given during the nursery phase before expansion (a period of 40 days) and during the expansion and retention periods (N + SN group; a total of 57 days). After the 5-day expansion period was completed, the rats in the OE, SN, and N + SN groups underwent 12 days of mechanical retention, after which they were sacrificed, and their premaxilla were dissected and fixed. A histologic evaluation was done to determine the number of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and capillaries, as well as the number and intensity of inflammatory cells and new bone formation. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the groups in all histologic parameters except the ratio of intensities of inflammatory cells. New bone formation and the number of capillaries were significantly higher in the SN groups than in the other groups. The statistical analysis also showed that the numbers of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and capillaries were highest in the N+SN group. Conclusion: Systemic administration of SN may be effective in accelerating new bone formation and reducing inflammation in the maxillary expansion procedure. It may also be beneficial in preventing relapse after the expansion procedure.
Purpose: To determine the phenolic composition and antiproliferative activity of 16 different ext... more Purpose: To determine the phenolic composition and antiproliferative activity of 16 different extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and water) obtained from Bellis perennis, Convolvulus galaticus, Trifolium pannonicum and Lysimachia vulgaris on human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2/C3A) cell lines. Methods: The aerial parts of the plants were successively extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and water using a Soxhlet apparatus. The phenolic content of the plants were determined by plants by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) while their antiproliferative activity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide, a yellow tetrazole (MTT) assay. Results: Among the tested extracts, the methanol extract of B. perennis showed the best antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cell line with IC50 (inhibiting 50 % of cell growth) value of 71.6 µg/mL. Furthermore, the dichloromethane extract of C. galaticus showed the best anti-proliferative activity against HepG2/C3A cell line with IC50 of 57.3 µg/mL. The HPLC data for the plant extracts showed the presence of the following phenolic compounds: gallic acid monohydrate, caffeic acid, rutin hydrate, luteolin-7-O-β-D glucoside, kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, coumarin and apigenin. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that there is some justification for the use of B. perennis and C. galaticus as traditional anticancer medicinal herbs.
Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of systemic St John's w... more Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of systemic St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) on bone formation in the expanded premaxillary suture in rats. Materials/Methods: A total of 28 rats were randomly divided into four groups of equal numbers: control (C); only expansion (OE); St John's wort extract given only during the expansion and retention period (a total of 17 days; SJW group); and St John's wort extract given during the nursery phase before expansion (a period of 40 days), and during the expansion and retention periods (a total of 57 days; N + SJW group). After the 5 day expansion period was completed, the rats in the OE, SJW, and N + SJW groups underwent 12 days of mechanical retention, following which they were killed, and their premaxilla dissected and fixed. Histological examination was performed to determine the number of osteoclasts and capillaries, as well as the number of osteoblasts, inflammatory cell infiltration, and the amount of new bone formation. Results: Statistical analysis showed that the number of osteoclasts and capillaries, and the inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as new bone formation, were higher in the SJW and N + SJW groups than in the other groups. However, statistical analysis demonstrated that among these two groups, all parameters, with the exception of the number of capillaries, were higher in the N + SJW group than the SJW group. Conclusions/Implications: Although more effective in long-term usage, systemic use of St John's wort hastens new bone regeneration at the premaxillary suture and may help prevent relapse after expansion.
Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 2014
Screening of antibacterial and antitumour activities of 33 different extracts prepared with three... more Screening of antibacterial and antitumour activities of 33 different extracts prepared with three types of solvents (water, ethanol and methanol) was conducted. The extracts were obtained from 11 different plant species grown in Turkey: Eryngium campestre L., Alchemilla mollis (Buser) Rothm., Dorycnium pentaphyllum Scop., Coronilla varia L., Onobrychis oxyodonta Boiss., Fritillaria pontica Wahlenb., Asarum europaeum L., Rhinanthus angustifolius C. C. Gmelin, Doronicum orientale Hoffm., Campanula glomerata L. and Campanula olympica Boiss. Antibacterial activity against six bacteria was evaluated: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis by using disc diffusion and well diffusion methods. S. aureus and S. epidermidis were most sensitive to the methanolic extract from A. europaeum. S. pyogenes was vulnerable to all used extracts of D. orientale. In addition, ethanolic or methanolic extracts of E. campestre, A. mollis, D. pentaphyllum, C. varia, R. angustifolius, C. glomerata and C. olympica displayed strong antibacterial activity against at least one of the tested gram-negative bacteria. The methanolic extract from R. angustifolius showed a broad-spectrum activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Antitumour activity was evaluated with Agrobacterium-tumefaciens-induced potato disc tumour assay. Best antitumour activity was obtained with the aqueous extract from A. europaeum and methanolic extract from E. campestre (100% and 86% tumour inhibition, respectively).
An efficient in vitro regeneration system for Bellis perennis L. and comparison of phenolic conte... more An efficient in vitro regeneration system for Bellis perennis L. and comparison of phenolic contents of field-grown and in vitro-grown leaves by LC-MS/MS
Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 2012
... ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTITUMOR ACTIVITIES OF SOME WILD FRUITS GROWN IN TURKEY. Arzu Ucar Turker,... more ... ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTITUMOR ACTIVITIES OF SOME WILD FRUITS GROWN IN TURKEY. Arzu Ucar Turker, Arzu Birinci Yildirim and Fatma Pehlivan Karakas. ... J. Food Sci. Nutr., 59, 643-651. Stoner GD, Chen T., Kresty LA, Aziz RM, Reinemann T., Nines R. (2006) Nutr. ...
African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2017
Background: Lysimachia vulgaris L. (Yellow loosestrife) is a medicinal plant in the family Myrsin... more Background: Lysimachia vulgaris L. (Yellow loosestrife) is a medicinal plant in the family Myrsinaceae. It has been used in the treatment of fever, ulcer, diarrhea and wounds in folk medicine. It has also analgesic, expectorant, astringent and antiinflammatory activities. Two different sources of the plant (field-grown and in vitro-grown) were used to evaluate the biological activities (antibacterial, antitumor and antioxidant) of L. vulgaris. In vitro-grown plant materials were collected from L. vulgaris plants that were previously regenerated in our laboratory. Materials and Methods: Plant materials were extracted with water, ethanol and acetone. For antibacterial test, disc diffusion method and 10 different pathogenic bacteria were used. Antioxidant activity was indicated by using DPPH method. The total phenol amount by using Folin-Ciocaltaeu method and the total flavonoid amount by using aluminum chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric method were determined. Results: Generally, yellow lo...
Screening of antibacterial activity and toxicity of 22 aqueous plant extracts from 17 Turkish pla... more Screening of antibacterial activity and toxicity of 22 aqueous plant extracts from 17 Turkish plants was conducted. Antibacterial activity was performed with six bacteria including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Extracts of Tussilago farfara leaves, Helichyrsum plicatum flowers, Solanum dulcamara aerial parts and Urtica dioica leaves gave the best inhibitory activity against S. pyogenes, S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Of the 22 plant extracts, 20 extracts displayed toxicity (LC50 was <1000 mg L(-1)) in the brine shrimp bioassay. For radish seed bioassay, two different determinations (root length and seed germination) were performed with a comparison between two concentrations (50,000 mg L(-1) and 10,000 mg L(-1)). At low concentration (10,000 mg L(-1)), S. dulcamara aerial parts and Primula vulgaris leaf extracts were observed to inhibit the root length more than the other plant extracts. Also, the most inhibitive plant extract for seed germination was obtained with S. dulcamara aerial parts.
This paper describes an efficient in vitro micropropagation of Artemisia vulgaris using shoot tip... more This paper describes an efficient in vitro micropropagation of Artemisia vulgaris using shoot tip and nodal explants. Among the various growth regulators tested, MS medium and B 5 vitamins supplemented with BA (4.44 lM) and KN (2.32 lM) combination was found to yield a better response than BA (4.44-13.32 lM) or KN (0.46-13.92 lM) alone in the medium. BA and KN combinations produced a maximum of 23.3 shoots per explant with 99.8% shooting frequency. Multiple shoots raised were elongated on MS medium containing 0.44 lM BA and 1.44 lM GA 3. Rooting was highest (98.2%) on MS medium containing 8.56 lM IAA. Rooted plantlets were successfully transferred to plastic cups containing autoclaved garden soil, farmyard soil and sand (2:1:1) for hardening. After 65 days, the plantlets were transferred to Botanical Evaluation Garden and maintained. The survival rate of plantlets varied under acclimatization. Plants looked healthy with no visually detectable phenotypic variations. This is the first report on plant regeneration via organogenesis of A. vulgaris. Keywords Shoot organogenesis Á Growth regulators Á Rooting Á In vitro establishment Á Ex vitro Communicated by M. Saniewski.
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