Iron is essential for all living beings. Excess iron, on the other hand, is dangerous because it ... more Iron is essential for all living beings. Excess iron, on the other hand, is dangerous because it causes the creation of free radicals. As a result, iron absorption is carefully managed to maintain a balance between absorption and iron loss in the body. Due to the lack of particular excretory channels for iron in humans, iron excess in the tissues is common. It can be caused by a number of factors, including increased iron absorption, as seen in hemochromatosis, or frequent parenteral iron treatment, as seen in thalassemia and sickle cell anemia patients (a transfusional overload). The study aims to demonstrate Perl's Prussian blue stain to identify iron overload at a preliminary stage and correlate with serum ferritin levels in patients with thalassemia and sickle cell anemia who frequently receive blood transfusions. The present study comprised 62 confirmed cases of thalassemia and sickle cell anemia patients undergoing repeated blood transfusions of a minimum of 15/more, along with 62 clinically healthy individuals between December 2016 and November 2018. The patients with thalassemia and sickle cell anemia were confirmed by hemoglobin electrophoresis (Bio-Rad D-10, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc, California, United States). The buccal smears were obtained from these patients along with the controls, and these slides were stained by Perl's Prussian blue stain and were examined under a light microscope. Sixty-two cases and 62 controls were considered in the current investigation. Forty-seven of the 62 people had thalassemia, and 15 had sickle cell anemia. Thirty-nine out of the 47 patients with thalassemia and six of the 15 individuals with sickle cell anemia had positive results for Perl's Prussian blue stain. All patients had elevated blood ferritin levels, with varying ranges associated with positive results for Perl's Prussian blue stain. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the utility of oral exfoliative cytology in thalassemia and sickle cell anemia patients who often receive blood transfusions as a screening and diagnostic tool. The exfoliative cytology methods' acceptability and simplicity, along with their correlation with serum ferritin levels and Perl's Prussian blue reaction, make this noninvasive procedure an excellent screening and diagnostic tool for all patients who receive repeated blood transfusions.
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, Jul 24, 2020
Background: Mild microcytic hypochromic anaemias due to iron deficiency (IDA) and beta thalassemi... more Background: Mild microcytic hypochromic anaemias due to iron deficiency (IDA) and beta thalassemia trait(β-TT) continue to be a cause of significant burden to the society, particularly in the poorer developing countries. The objective of the present study was to study the RBC based indices in patients of marked anisopoikilocytosis in determining the etiology of it, to standardize few automated red cell parameters, and also objective grading of RBC morphology on peripheral smear and interpreting its utility in indicating a diagnosis. Also, to establish a relation between value of RBC indices with that of degree of anisocytosis. Methods: A total of 500 patients diagnosed with mild microcytic hypochromic anaemia on complete blood count and peripheral blood film were included in the study. Hb, RBC count, MCV, MCH and RDW obtained from the electronic cell counter were used to calculate discrimination indices by various mathematical formulae. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and Youden's index (YI) were calculated. Results: Green and King index demonstrated the lowest sensitivity of 70.51%. Mentzer index demonstrated the highest specificity of 96.80%. The highest and lowest PPV were found for Mentzer index (97.09%) and Sehgal index (92.81%) respectively. Sehgal's index demonstrated the highest NPV of 95.96% and lowest NPV was exhibited by G and K (87.9%). The highest and the lowest values for Youden's index were shown by Sehgal's index (87.82%) and G and K index (68.47%). Conclusions: Sehgal's index followed by Mentzer index are highly sensitive and reasonably specific in differentiating β-TT from IDA and none of the indices is 100% sensitive and specific. Though HbA2 estimation is the gold standard for diagnosing β-TT, in developing countries, Sehgal index followed by Mentzer et al, index can be used to screen mild microcytic hypochromic anaemia cases to eliminate as many false positive cases as possible to reduce the financial cost.
Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is a spectrum of intraepithelial and invasive neoplastic... more Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is a spectrum of intraepithelial and invasive neoplastic lesions of the conjunctiva and cornea. OSSN is a rare but potentially sight-threatening ocular malignancy that can be challenging to diagnose due to its clinical and histopathological resemblance to benign ocular surface lesions. However, OSSN can lead to significant ocular and systemic morbidity, including vision loss and metastasis. Various risk factors have been identified, including ultraviolet radiation exposure, human papillomavirus infection, and immunosuppression. The histopathological analysis of the lesion is of utmost importance in diagnosing and further managing squamous cell carcinoma. The acantholytic variant of squamous cell carcinoma is uncommon. Here, we present the case of a 69-year-old male who presented with an invasive mass of progressive growth on the left eyeball extending into the visual axis. The patient underwent extended enucleation, and a histopathological analysis demonstrated a rare acantholytic variant of squamous cell carcinoma.
Microcytic hypochromic (MCHC) anemia with hemolytic components is common in clinical practice. He... more Microcytic hypochromic (MCHC) anemia with hemolytic components is common in clinical practice. Hemoglobinopathies and variants are one of the important underlying causes of MCHC anemia. The Indian population, by large, as various studies reported, showed a plethora of hemoglobinopathies with regional predilections for its types. The present systematic review is carried out for the evaluation of MCHC anemia for its underlying causes of hemoglobinopathies and their loco regional comparisons. The review was carried out by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method with selected keywords through the Google advanced search matchable to the objectives of the present systematic review. Upon the systematic review, it was observed that β thalassemia trait (βTT) remained the highest reported hemoglobinopathy. The other abnormal hemoglobin variants, though rare, also have been reported in the reviewed articles. It is concluded that patients with MCHC refractory to its regular treatment should be subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in exclusion of underlying hemoglobinopathy and abnormal hemoglobin variants.
Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University
Background: Pancytopenia is a common occurrence in paediatric patients. Aetiology of bicytopenia/... more Background: Pancytopenia is a common occurrence in paediatric patients. Aetiology of bicytopenia/ pancytopenia varies widely children, ranging from transient marrow suppression to marrow infiltration by life threatening malignancies. In time recognition of the underlying pathology will not only have an impact on mortality and morbidity but also help in treating simple and easily treatable conditions causing pancytopenia. Aim: To evaluate the etiological and clinicohaematological profile in children with cytopenias. Objectives: To study the clinical presentations in patients with pancytopenia/bicytopenia and evaluate hematological parameters and the bone marrow aspirates. Materials and Method: The present work was carried out in the hematology section of Department of Pathology, of a central Indian medical college and rural hospital from December 2017 to December 2018. 100 patients in paediatric age group having pancytopenia/bicytopenia on peripheral smear were included in the study. All relevant investigations were carried out including Bone marrow aspiration. A correlation between bicytopenia/ pancytopenia with symptoms and etiology was made. Result: The main presenting features of children with both pancytopenia and bicytopenia was fever and the commonest non-malignant conditions causing bicytopenia was megaloblastic anaemia and aplastic anaemia in pancytopenia and the commonest malignant condition which was associated with bicytopenia and pancytopenia was acute leukaemia. Conclusion: Primary haematological investigations along with bone marrow aspiration in cytopenic patients which will be helpful for understanding the disease process; diagnosis, or will help to rule out the causes of, cytopenia; and in planning further investigations and management of cytopenic patients.
The word "uterine fibroids" itself indicates these are leiomyomas (a group of smooth muscle tumor... more The word "uterine fibroids" itself indicates these are leiomyomas (a group of smooth muscle tumors that are benign), generally growing in the wall of the uterus. Nowadays, this is one of the most common diseases in women in the premenopausal age group. According to the studies, uterine fibroids are more commonly observed in women of African ancestry than white women. This article aims to educate readers on some fundamental concepts regarding uterine fibroids, such as the different types of fibroids according to various classification schemes, as well as their etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, management, and treatment, all of which must be understood by anyone studying medicine or working in the medical field. Along with reviewing current management options for uterine fibroids, it also identifies areas needing additional study to identify novel therapeutic targets and improve treatment individualization.
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2021
Malignant phyllode tumour is a lesion of rare occurrence in breast and malignant phyllodes tumour... more Malignant phyllode tumour is a lesion of rare occurrence in breast and malignant phyllodes tumour with heterologous sarcomatous differentiation is still rarer. Heterologous sarcomatous differentiation with more than three morphological differentiation has rarely been reported. This case report addresses heterologous sarcomatous differentiation in a malignant phyllodes tumour for its morphological rarity confirmed with immunohistochemistry. Cancer of breast affects one in nine women and is the second most common cause of deaths related to cancer in women. 1 Phyllodes tumour was described in 1774, the condition was properly defined in 1838. 2 One of the rarest tumour is cystosarcoma phyllodes (CSP) which can be seen in 0.3 -0.9 percent of all breast tumours and in 2 -3 percent of fibro-epithelial tumors. 1 Phyllodes tumour can only be found in mammary tissue and on histology they have a component of epithelial as well as metaplastic mesenchymal origin. Grading of phyllodes tumour into benign, borderline and malignant depends on a congregation of histopathological characters that include degree of stromal hypercellularity, mitotic activity and cytologic atypia, circumscribed vs. invasive margins and stromal overgrowth. On histology, malignant phyllode tumours may show significant heterogeneity in morphology such as fibrosarcomatous, lipo-sarcomatous, chondro-sarcomatous, rhabdomyosarcomatous, or osteo-sarcomatous differentiation.
European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Nov 23, 2020
Objectives: obtained and an attempt to establish a cut-off HbF value which renders a protective a... more Objectives: obtained and an attempt to establish a cut-off HbF value which renders a protective action against crisis in SCD will be made.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021
Introduction: Standardization in herbal pharmaceuticals is needed in order to ensure their qualit... more Introduction: Standardization in herbal pharmaceuticals is needed in order to ensure their quality and acceptability of final medicament prepared from them. There are many plants have been suggested in the compendia for Kshara (alkali extract) preparation. Acharya Bhavamishra coined the name of plant Palasha (Butea monosperma Lam.) as Kshara Shresta means the one which is best of all Kshara. Generally all parts of plant together (Panchanga) have been suggested to be used for Kshara preparation in the texts. But considering the unavailability of all parts of the Palasha throughout the year this study has been designed to standardize the Palasha Kshara prepared from two combinations. Aim and Objectives: Pharmaceutical and analytical standardization of Palasha Kshara PK-1 and PK-2 prepared from two combinations. PK-1 is the Palasha Kshara prepared from combination of ashes of roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits. PK-2 is the Palasha Kshara prepared from combination of ashes of root...
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021
Background: Iron deficiency anaemia is one of the most common anaemia striking in our country. Th... more Background: Iron deficiency anaemia is one of the most common anaemia striking in our country. The level up to which blood sugar level is regulated is measured by HbA1c. HbA1c represents sugar level in the blood for 120 days. HbA1c could be dependent upon an assemblage of factors like variants of haemoglobinopathies, haemolytic anaemia, other deficiency anaemia, acute loss of blood, uraemia, and pregnancy. Thus, it is crucial to determine the role of HbA1c in iron deficiency anemia in diabetics and non-diabetics before treating the patients. Methods: Total of 58 articles were collected and based on our study objective total of 19 articles were included in this study. Iron deficiency anaemia, HbA1c, diabetics and non-diabetics has been added in pub med advanced searches and Google scholar. Original articles which compare the correlation between these two were taken. All the information was gathered from original and review articles. Articles which were qualified for review, their in...
This is a review article on how we can sample the COVID-19 patients, what samples can be obtained... more This is a review article on how we can sample the COVID-19 patients, what samples can be obtained, what are the procedures to collect those samples and the precautions some laboratory personnel need to take while processing the samples. This review article mainly focuses on the various methods used in India while sampling COVID-19 patients. For now, RT-PCR is the most reliable test for COVID-19 detection. Few rapid test kits were introduced by ICMR, but now have been withdrawn as they were showing incorrect results at temperature more than 20 degree Celsius. WHO has labelled COVID-19 as a pandemic. No vaccine has been prepared, till date of writing this article which can be a cure. So for now, the only cure is prevention and protection. In India the front line tool for prevention is social distancing which has been achieved to an extent with lockdown throughout the country.
Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2019
Background: Menstrual ailments are the common manifestation to call for medical visits among wome... more Background: Menstrual ailments are the common manifestation to call for medical visits among women of heavy menstrual bleeding of procreative age. Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) affects up to 30% of females in the society. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to establish the role of histopathological diagnosis of uterine lesions in patients of AUB and to correlate the transvaginal sonography (TVS) findings with histopathological examination. Materials and Methods: A observational and analytical study was carried out in 120 patients of AUB. All the patients underwent TVS, followed by a histopathological examination of specimens obtained from either D and C or hysterectomy. Results: Menorrhagia was the most common clinical finding. Mean endometrial thickness measured by TVS was 10.15 ± 3.86. Proliferative endometrium (28.33%) was the most frequent finding in histopathological examination, followed by endometrial hyperplasia comprised of 20.83%. Hyperplasia and carcinoma both had a low sensitivity of 36% and 50%, respectively, on TVS compared with histopathology. Conclusion: According to the histopathological diagnosis based on biopsy or D and C, the treatment plan is formulated and the surgery is planned. Hence, even the prognosis depends upon the histopathological examination, TVS is only the initial screening tool for AUB. We advised the clinicians not to rule out these entities only on the basis of TVS.
Iron is essential for all living beings. Excess iron, on the other hand, is dangerous because it ... more Iron is essential for all living beings. Excess iron, on the other hand, is dangerous because it causes the creation of free radicals. As a result, iron absorption is carefully managed to maintain a balance between absorption and iron loss in the body. Due to the lack of particular excretory channels for iron in humans, iron excess in the tissues is common. It can be caused by a number of factors, including increased iron absorption, as seen in hemochromatosis, or frequent parenteral iron treatment, as seen in thalassemia and sickle cell anemia patients (a transfusional overload). The study aims to demonstrate Perl's Prussian blue stain to identify iron overload at a preliminary stage and correlate with serum ferritin levels in patients with thalassemia and sickle cell anemia who frequently receive blood transfusions. The present study comprised 62 confirmed cases of thalassemia and sickle cell anemia patients undergoing repeated blood transfusions of a minimum of 15/more, along with 62 clinically healthy individuals between December 2016 and November 2018. The patients with thalassemia and sickle cell anemia were confirmed by hemoglobin electrophoresis (Bio-Rad D-10, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc, California, United States). The buccal smears were obtained from these patients along with the controls, and these slides were stained by Perl's Prussian blue stain and were examined under a light microscope. Sixty-two cases and 62 controls were considered in the current investigation. Forty-seven of the 62 people had thalassemia, and 15 had sickle cell anemia. Thirty-nine out of the 47 patients with thalassemia and six of the 15 individuals with sickle cell anemia had positive results for Perl's Prussian blue stain. All patients had elevated blood ferritin levels, with varying ranges associated with positive results for Perl's Prussian blue stain. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the utility of oral exfoliative cytology in thalassemia and sickle cell anemia patients who often receive blood transfusions as a screening and diagnostic tool. The exfoliative cytology methods' acceptability and simplicity, along with their correlation with serum ferritin levels and Perl's Prussian blue reaction, make this noninvasive procedure an excellent screening and diagnostic tool for all patients who receive repeated blood transfusions.
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, Jul 24, 2020
Background: Mild microcytic hypochromic anaemias due to iron deficiency (IDA) and beta thalassemi... more Background: Mild microcytic hypochromic anaemias due to iron deficiency (IDA) and beta thalassemia trait(β-TT) continue to be a cause of significant burden to the society, particularly in the poorer developing countries. The objective of the present study was to study the RBC based indices in patients of marked anisopoikilocytosis in determining the etiology of it, to standardize few automated red cell parameters, and also objective grading of RBC morphology on peripheral smear and interpreting its utility in indicating a diagnosis. Also, to establish a relation between value of RBC indices with that of degree of anisocytosis. Methods: A total of 500 patients diagnosed with mild microcytic hypochromic anaemia on complete blood count and peripheral blood film were included in the study. Hb, RBC count, MCV, MCH and RDW obtained from the electronic cell counter were used to calculate discrimination indices by various mathematical formulae. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and Youden's index (YI) were calculated. Results: Green and King index demonstrated the lowest sensitivity of 70.51%. Mentzer index demonstrated the highest specificity of 96.80%. The highest and lowest PPV were found for Mentzer index (97.09%) and Sehgal index (92.81%) respectively. Sehgal's index demonstrated the highest NPV of 95.96% and lowest NPV was exhibited by G and K (87.9%). The highest and the lowest values for Youden's index were shown by Sehgal's index (87.82%) and G and K index (68.47%). Conclusions: Sehgal's index followed by Mentzer index are highly sensitive and reasonably specific in differentiating β-TT from IDA and none of the indices is 100% sensitive and specific. Though HbA2 estimation is the gold standard for diagnosing β-TT, in developing countries, Sehgal index followed by Mentzer et al, index can be used to screen mild microcytic hypochromic anaemia cases to eliminate as many false positive cases as possible to reduce the financial cost.
Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is a spectrum of intraepithelial and invasive neoplastic... more Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is a spectrum of intraepithelial and invasive neoplastic lesions of the conjunctiva and cornea. OSSN is a rare but potentially sight-threatening ocular malignancy that can be challenging to diagnose due to its clinical and histopathological resemblance to benign ocular surface lesions. However, OSSN can lead to significant ocular and systemic morbidity, including vision loss and metastasis. Various risk factors have been identified, including ultraviolet radiation exposure, human papillomavirus infection, and immunosuppression. The histopathological analysis of the lesion is of utmost importance in diagnosing and further managing squamous cell carcinoma. The acantholytic variant of squamous cell carcinoma is uncommon. Here, we present the case of a 69-year-old male who presented with an invasive mass of progressive growth on the left eyeball extending into the visual axis. The patient underwent extended enucleation, and a histopathological analysis demonstrated a rare acantholytic variant of squamous cell carcinoma.
Microcytic hypochromic (MCHC) anemia with hemolytic components is common in clinical practice. He... more Microcytic hypochromic (MCHC) anemia with hemolytic components is common in clinical practice. Hemoglobinopathies and variants are one of the important underlying causes of MCHC anemia. The Indian population, by large, as various studies reported, showed a plethora of hemoglobinopathies with regional predilections for its types. The present systematic review is carried out for the evaluation of MCHC anemia for its underlying causes of hemoglobinopathies and their loco regional comparisons. The review was carried out by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method with selected keywords through the Google advanced search matchable to the objectives of the present systematic review. Upon the systematic review, it was observed that β thalassemia trait (βTT) remained the highest reported hemoglobinopathy. The other abnormal hemoglobin variants, though rare, also have been reported in the reviewed articles. It is concluded that patients with MCHC refractory to its regular treatment should be subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in exclusion of underlying hemoglobinopathy and abnormal hemoglobin variants.
Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University
Background: Pancytopenia is a common occurrence in paediatric patients. Aetiology of bicytopenia/... more Background: Pancytopenia is a common occurrence in paediatric patients. Aetiology of bicytopenia/ pancytopenia varies widely children, ranging from transient marrow suppression to marrow infiltration by life threatening malignancies. In time recognition of the underlying pathology will not only have an impact on mortality and morbidity but also help in treating simple and easily treatable conditions causing pancytopenia. Aim: To evaluate the etiological and clinicohaematological profile in children with cytopenias. Objectives: To study the clinical presentations in patients with pancytopenia/bicytopenia and evaluate hematological parameters and the bone marrow aspirates. Materials and Method: The present work was carried out in the hematology section of Department of Pathology, of a central Indian medical college and rural hospital from December 2017 to December 2018. 100 patients in paediatric age group having pancytopenia/bicytopenia on peripheral smear were included in the study. All relevant investigations were carried out including Bone marrow aspiration. A correlation between bicytopenia/ pancytopenia with symptoms and etiology was made. Result: The main presenting features of children with both pancytopenia and bicytopenia was fever and the commonest non-malignant conditions causing bicytopenia was megaloblastic anaemia and aplastic anaemia in pancytopenia and the commonest malignant condition which was associated with bicytopenia and pancytopenia was acute leukaemia. Conclusion: Primary haematological investigations along with bone marrow aspiration in cytopenic patients which will be helpful for understanding the disease process; diagnosis, or will help to rule out the causes of, cytopenia; and in planning further investigations and management of cytopenic patients.
The word "uterine fibroids" itself indicates these are leiomyomas (a group of smooth muscle tumor... more The word "uterine fibroids" itself indicates these are leiomyomas (a group of smooth muscle tumors that are benign), generally growing in the wall of the uterus. Nowadays, this is one of the most common diseases in women in the premenopausal age group. According to the studies, uterine fibroids are more commonly observed in women of African ancestry than white women. This article aims to educate readers on some fundamental concepts regarding uterine fibroids, such as the different types of fibroids according to various classification schemes, as well as their etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, management, and treatment, all of which must be understood by anyone studying medicine or working in the medical field. Along with reviewing current management options for uterine fibroids, it also identifies areas needing additional study to identify novel therapeutic targets and improve treatment individualization.
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2021
Malignant phyllode tumour is a lesion of rare occurrence in breast and malignant phyllodes tumour... more Malignant phyllode tumour is a lesion of rare occurrence in breast and malignant phyllodes tumour with heterologous sarcomatous differentiation is still rarer. Heterologous sarcomatous differentiation with more than three morphological differentiation has rarely been reported. This case report addresses heterologous sarcomatous differentiation in a malignant phyllodes tumour for its morphological rarity confirmed with immunohistochemistry. Cancer of breast affects one in nine women and is the second most common cause of deaths related to cancer in women. 1 Phyllodes tumour was described in 1774, the condition was properly defined in 1838. 2 One of the rarest tumour is cystosarcoma phyllodes (CSP) which can be seen in 0.3 -0.9 percent of all breast tumours and in 2 -3 percent of fibro-epithelial tumors. 1 Phyllodes tumour can only be found in mammary tissue and on histology they have a component of epithelial as well as metaplastic mesenchymal origin. Grading of phyllodes tumour into benign, borderline and malignant depends on a congregation of histopathological characters that include degree of stromal hypercellularity, mitotic activity and cytologic atypia, circumscribed vs. invasive margins and stromal overgrowth. On histology, malignant phyllode tumours may show significant heterogeneity in morphology such as fibrosarcomatous, lipo-sarcomatous, chondro-sarcomatous, rhabdomyosarcomatous, or osteo-sarcomatous differentiation.
European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Nov 23, 2020
Objectives: obtained and an attempt to establish a cut-off HbF value which renders a protective a... more Objectives: obtained and an attempt to establish a cut-off HbF value which renders a protective action against crisis in SCD will be made.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021
Introduction: Standardization in herbal pharmaceuticals is needed in order to ensure their qualit... more Introduction: Standardization in herbal pharmaceuticals is needed in order to ensure their quality and acceptability of final medicament prepared from them. There are many plants have been suggested in the compendia for Kshara (alkali extract) preparation. Acharya Bhavamishra coined the name of plant Palasha (Butea monosperma Lam.) as Kshara Shresta means the one which is best of all Kshara. Generally all parts of plant together (Panchanga) have been suggested to be used for Kshara preparation in the texts. But considering the unavailability of all parts of the Palasha throughout the year this study has been designed to standardize the Palasha Kshara prepared from two combinations. Aim and Objectives: Pharmaceutical and analytical standardization of Palasha Kshara PK-1 and PK-2 prepared from two combinations. PK-1 is the Palasha Kshara prepared from combination of ashes of roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits. PK-2 is the Palasha Kshara prepared from combination of ashes of root...
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021
Background: Iron deficiency anaemia is one of the most common anaemia striking in our country. Th... more Background: Iron deficiency anaemia is one of the most common anaemia striking in our country. The level up to which blood sugar level is regulated is measured by HbA1c. HbA1c represents sugar level in the blood for 120 days. HbA1c could be dependent upon an assemblage of factors like variants of haemoglobinopathies, haemolytic anaemia, other deficiency anaemia, acute loss of blood, uraemia, and pregnancy. Thus, it is crucial to determine the role of HbA1c in iron deficiency anemia in diabetics and non-diabetics before treating the patients. Methods: Total of 58 articles were collected and based on our study objective total of 19 articles were included in this study. Iron deficiency anaemia, HbA1c, diabetics and non-diabetics has been added in pub med advanced searches and Google scholar. Original articles which compare the correlation between these two were taken. All the information was gathered from original and review articles. Articles which were qualified for review, their in...
This is a review article on how we can sample the COVID-19 patients, what samples can be obtained... more This is a review article on how we can sample the COVID-19 patients, what samples can be obtained, what are the procedures to collect those samples and the precautions some laboratory personnel need to take while processing the samples. This review article mainly focuses on the various methods used in India while sampling COVID-19 patients. For now, RT-PCR is the most reliable test for COVID-19 detection. Few rapid test kits were introduced by ICMR, but now have been withdrawn as they were showing incorrect results at temperature more than 20 degree Celsius. WHO has labelled COVID-19 as a pandemic. No vaccine has been prepared, till date of writing this article which can be a cure. So for now, the only cure is prevention and protection. In India the front line tool for prevention is social distancing which has been achieved to an extent with lockdown throughout the country.
Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2019
Background: Menstrual ailments are the common manifestation to call for medical visits among wome... more Background: Menstrual ailments are the common manifestation to call for medical visits among women of heavy menstrual bleeding of procreative age. Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) affects up to 30% of females in the society. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to establish the role of histopathological diagnosis of uterine lesions in patients of AUB and to correlate the transvaginal sonography (TVS) findings with histopathological examination. Materials and Methods: A observational and analytical study was carried out in 120 patients of AUB. All the patients underwent TVS, followed by a histopathological examination of specimens obtained from either D and C or hysterectomy. Results: Menorrhagia was the most common clinical finding. Mean endometrial thickness measured by TVS was 10.15 ± 3.86. Proliferative endometrium (28.33%) was the most frequent finding in histopathological examination, followed by endometrial hyperplasia comprised of 20.83%. Hyperplasia and carcinoma both had a low sensitivity of 36% and 50%, respectively, on TVS compared with histopathology. Conclusion: According to the histopathological diagnosis based on biopsy or D and C, the treatment plan is formulated and the surgery is planned. Hence, even the prognosis depends upon the histopathological examination, TVS is only the initial screening tool for AUB. We advised the clinicians not to rule out these entities only on the basis of TVS.
Uploads
Papers by Arvind Bhake