The study of old age problems is an emerging field in Pakistan. Old age brings variety of problem... more The study of old age problems is an emerging field in Pakistan. Old age brings variety of problems for both males and females, however, the nature of the problems of elderly men and women are different. This paper compares and analyses the problems faced by elderly men and women. This research study has been conducted in the semi urban town of Timergara, the head quarter of District Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data was collected from the respondents aged 60 years and above through in-depth interviews. The respondents were selected using convenient sampling technique. The study finds that because of gender discrimination and cultural factors, women have lower access to health services than men. Consequently health problems of elderly women are more severe than the health problems of elderly men. The study further finds that women at old age are poorer than men due to cultural restrictions on education, women employment, deprivation from property inheritance. Lack of old age pensio...
In China, agricultural activities are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, ranking second ... more In China, agricultural activities are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, ranking second only to another significant source. This presents a significant obstacle to reducing emissions and jeopardizes both the availability of food and the sustainable growth of agriculture. It is primarily the farmers who utilize cultivated land and are thus accountable for the initiation of these emissions. Farmers' role is significant in adopting green and low-carbon (LC) agricultural production practices, and their actions are directly tied to the achievement of the dual goals of carbon reduction. Understanding their motivations for engaging in LC production and the factors that influence their willingness to do so is important for both theory and practice. In this study, data was collected from 260 questionnaires in 13 counties across five major cities in Shaanxi Province. The purpose was to identify factors that impact farmers' motivation and willingness to engage in LC agriculture using linear regression analysis. A structural equation model was constructed to better understand the underlying mechanisms that influence farmers' actions towards LC farming practices. The study's findings indicate that (1) farmers' behavior towards LC production practices is notably impacted by internal motivation based on joy and internal motivation based on responsibility (IMR); (2) IMR has the most pronounced effect on farmers' adoption of LC production practices; (3) the internal motivation based on joy, IMR, behavior attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control are related to each other; and (4) the multi-group analysis of the data indicates that the impact of internal motivation based on joy and IMR on adopting sustainable farming practices may vary among different groups. It is essential to support farmers who have strong intrinsic motivation to engage in sustainable agriculture. Additionally, policymakers must promote positive attitudes towards sustainable farming to achieve the desired environmental (LC) objectives.
Chilgoza pine is an economically and ecologically important evergreen coniferous tree species of ... more Chilgoza pine is an economically and ecologically important evergreen coniferous tree species of the dry and rocky temperate zone, and a native of south Asia. This species is rated as near threatened (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This study hypothesized that climatic, soil and topographic variations strongly influence the distribution pattern and potential habitat suitability prediction of Chilgoza pine. Accordingly, this study was aimed to document the potential habitat suitability variations of Chilgoza pine under varying environmental scenarios by using 37 different environmental variables. The maximum entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm in MaxEnt software was used to forecast the potential habitat suitability under current and future (i.e., 2050s and 2070s) climate change scenarios (i.e., Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs): 245 and 585). A total of 238 species occurrence records were collected from Afghanistan, Pakistan and India, and employed to b...
Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies, 2021
This research examines the relationship between internet usage, socio-economic outcomes, and subj... more This research examines the relationship between internet usage, socio-economic outcomes, and subjective well-being. Social outcomes are measured in the form of formal and informal networks and economic outcomes are measured through education, employment, and financial status. Subjective well-being is defined as assessment of one’s own life satisfaction. The cross-sectional study is conducted through a survey. The data was collected through a self-designed questionnaire from 500 university graduates in different region of Pakistan. The Cox regression is used to investigate the relationship among the variables. In Cox regression the gender, education, major, subjective wellbeing (SWB), positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA) are significantly affecting the duration of internet usage. Internet usage increases with age, likewise internet usage is found more in women and married individuals than men and unmarried individuals. Economic outcomes are less for internet users than the non-...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
This study analyzes the effects of credit constraints on technical efficiency of Boro rice grower... more This study analyzes the effects of credit constraints on technical efficiency of Boro rice growers in the district of Pabna in Bangladesh. Using a simple random sampling technique, the data was collected from 570 Boro rice growers from the Pabna district of Bangladesh. Before conducting a field survey, a theoretical model was designed to identify credit-constrained and nonconstrained rice growers. We have analyzed the collected data in two phases: first, we investigated the technical efficiency of Boro rice growers using the stochastic frontier model (SFA); and second, we used an inefficiency effect model to estimate the influence of credit constraints on technical efficiency. Findings indicate that credit-constrained rice growers (CCRG) are 6.7% less technically efficient than credit non-constrained rice growers (CNRG). Findings further indicate that the education level of the household head, family size, certified seed, sowing time, access to extension services, off-farm income, and household savings have significant effects on the technical efficiency of both groups of rice growers. Furthermore, credit size has a significantly positive impact, whereas the interest rate imposed on the principal amount has a significantly negative impact.
Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 2017
The study was designed to asses the residual effect of organic N (Poultry Manure) and mineral N o... more The study was designed to asses the residual effect of organic N (Poultry Manure) and mineral N on maize crop in field experiments carried out on silty clay loam soil at NIFA, Tarnab, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan during 2014-15. Combined dose of N from both sources were 120 kg ha-1 applied to wheat crop alone and in different combination making six treatments. Maize variety (Azam) was sown in Randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replications. Agronomic data, grains ear-1, 1000 grain weight, biomass grain yield data, N-uptake in maize grain and straw were recorded. Results showed that maximum grain ear−1, 1000 grain weight, biomass and grain yield was obtained from treatment where 25% N applied from poultry manure + 75% from mineral N source applied to previous wheat crop. Agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were also found maximum in treatment where 75% poultry manure + 25% mineral N was applied. It was concluded from the study that residual ...
The economy of Pakistan is agrarian. The production system is predominantly irrigated that uses 9... more The economy of Pakistan is agrarian. The production system is predominantly irrigated that uses 90% of the available river-water and provides over 80% of agricultural produce. The productive resources of land and water, which are the base for food production, are limited, rather dwindling due, inter alia, to the changing climate. The climate change is exerting pressure on these resources, both directly (e.g. through increased glacier-melt, increased evapotranspiration, increased land-degradation, etc) and indirectly (e.g. via enhancing soil processes, such as, denitrification leading to emission of greenhouse gases, and unavailability of plant-nutrients, increasing crop-water requirements, etc). Not only this, but the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events of floods, drought, cyclones, etc., is on the increase with serious consequences for the standing crops apart from immeasurable damage to life and property. These changes are expected to have significant impacts on food...
The aim of this article is to examine the ways through which the immigrant Pashto speech communit... more The aim of this article is to examine the ways through which the immigrant Pashto speech community constructs their bilingual identity in the multicultural settings of Lahore. The participants for the research were selected through purposive sampling technique. The data of the study was collected via interviews from 10 adults of Pashto speech community, who have been living in Lahore for more than five years. The study is based on the philosophy of Spolsky's (2004) Language Policy Framework, which considers language practices, beliefs and management as different ways of constructing identities. The nature of the data is descriptive and qualitative, and thematic analysis was used while the data coding was performed through Atlas.ti software. The findings revealed that the Pashto speakers use their first language (Pashto) in their home environment to maintain their language, identity and culture while using Urdu and English outside their home domain at their workplaces.
In this study, we analyzed the effects of the partial quantity rationing of credit on the technic... more In this study, we analyzed the effects of the partial quantity rationing of credit on the technical efficiency of Boro rice growers in the Pabna district of Bangladesh. Before conducting the field survey, we designed a theoretical framework and identified farm households affected by the partial quantity rationing of credit. Data were collected from 174 Boro rice growers and analyzed in two stages, where the technical efficiency of Boro rice growers was assessed using stochastic frontier analysis, and the inefficiency effects model was then applied to evaluate determinants of the technical efficiency. The mean technical efficiency of Boro rice growers was 78%, which indicates that their technical efficiency was 22% beyond the production frontier curve. The variables comprising the household head’s age, education level, seed quality, formal training, access to the market, farm labor, tillage cost, fertilizer cost, irrigation cost, and price of seedlings significantly affected the tech...
The aim of the present study is to investigate the different aspects of intertextuality as adapta... more The aim of the present study is to investigate the different aspects of intertextuality as adaptation in Pakistani TV advertisements. The target of advertising companies is to persuade their consumers, so they use different approaches for this purpose and intertextuality is one of them. To investigate the problem the following research question has been designed: Which aspects of intertextuality do the Pakistani TV commercials adapt in order to achieve their intended effects? The research design of the study is qualitative and descriptive. The study consists of eight Pakistani TV advertisements that have been collected from Pakistani TV channels through purposive sampling. The theoretical framework of the study is based on the approach of Intertextuality proposed by Kristeva (1966). The findings showed that the advertisers have created their advertisements by adapting the intertextuality elements of citation, reference, allusion and translation to make them attractive and enticing t...
Exchange rate provides a key link between the domestic and world markets for goods and assets. Th... more Exchange rate provides a key link between the domestic and world markets for goods and assets. Therefore, a proper and detailed analysis of the behaviour of exchange rate is required. There is also growing agreement that prolonged and substantial exchange rate misalignment can create severe macroeconomic disequilibria and the correction of external balance will require both exchange rate devaluation and demand management policies. Thus the policy-makers have used PPP theory as a guide to represent the external competitiveness of a country, and as a benchmark against which floating exchange rates are judged to be misaligned. Developments in 1990s and 2000s show that cost associated with exchange rate misalignment is very high. Hence, the analysis of exchange rate determination in the presence of exchange rate misalignment is crucial for the policy purpose because of its role as a component of an early warning system [Berg, et al. (2000)].
The aim of this research is to analyze practices in multicultural education among faculty of UMT,... more The aim of this research is to analyze practices in multicultural education among faculty of UMT, Lahore campus. To achieve the aim of study, the data was collected from 33 faculty members of the SSH department of UMT through purposive sampling. The closed-ended questionnaire with 5 Likert scale was used as an instrument to collect the data along with it a semi-structured interview was conducted to achieve the triangulation. Furthermore, the framework focuses on the different dimensions of multiethnic schooling created by Bank (2006, 2010). Data gathered through questionnaire was analyzed quantitatively while the data collected through semi-structured interview was analyzed qualitatively. The study revealed that the teachers are more focusing on content integration and equity pedagogy as compared the facts creation and prejudice reduction. As far as the empowerment of ethos and communal construction of UMT concerned with most teacher that are in favor of it.
Journal on Innovation and Sustainability RISUS, 2019
Strategic orientations like Market orientation (MO) and Learning orientation (LO) play critical r... more Strategic orientations like Market orientation (MO) and Learning orientation (LO) play critical role in improving the performance of both large and small scale businesses. This paper investigate the relationship between LO and organizational performance with MO as moderator. The current study reports the findings of two hundred and seven owners or managers of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan. The findings of the study indicate a positive relationship between LO and organizational performance. Mo was found to have moderated the direct relationship between LO and organizational performance. This study is among the few attempts made to systematically examine the interplay among MO, LO and organizational performance in SMEs operating in Pakistan.
International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology, 2019
The aim of the review was to explore the necessity, advantages and different techniques of oral f... more The aim of the review was to explore the necessity, advantages and different techniques of oral films for enhancing solubility of poorly soluble drugs with an emphasis on the newer, state-of the art technologies, such as 3D printing and hot-melt extrusion (HME). The historical background of oral films is presented along with the regularly used techniques. The modern approach of quality-by-design (QbD) is unravelled, identifying appropriate critical process parameters (CPP) and applied to oral films. A section is devoted modern technologies such as 3D printing and HME of oral films. Oral films are innovative formulations by which poorly soluble drugs have been founds to give positive results in enhancing their solubility and dissolution characteristics. With modern sophisticated techniques, precise mass production of oral films has been given a thrust. Oral films have better patient compliance, improved biopharmaceutical properties, improved efficacy, and better safety. By applying Q...
Exchange rate fluctuations play a vital role in influencing macroeconomic variables including eco... more Exchange rate fluctuations play a vital role in influencing macroeconomic variables including economic growth via the channels of net exports and investments. This study claims to be the first in assessing the asymmetric effect of exchange rate fluctuations on G.D.P. in Pakistan whose currency had the title of 'worst currency of South Asia' in 2018 after more than 20% depreciation in just three months. In this study, we employ a recently developed technique of Non-linear A.R.D.L. by Shin, Yu, and Greenwood-Nimmo (2014) to test for possible asymmetric effect of exchange rate on G.D.P. along with the proxies of fiscal and monetary policies. Both A.R.D.L. and N.A.R.D.L. are applied on annual data range from 1972 to 2014. The results of A.R.D.L. are found poor and co-integration relationship lost when the assumption of symmetry is taken into consideration. On the contrary, Non-linear A.R.D.L. technique carry more rich information related to the issue at hand and co-integration relationship is confirmed. From the results we found that week currency hurts G.D.P. growth, while strong currency adds to growth. Besides these, we confirm asymmetric impact of exchange rate on G.D.P. growth in Pakistan and find the evidence of short-run, long-run and adjustment asymmetry. To achieve the objective of sustained growth, exchange rate management should focus to restore stability and go for more strong currency in Pakistan. Future research needs to consider capital flows and exchange rate regimes in the form of 'Sudden Stop hypothesis' when investigating the asymmetric impact of exchange rate.
Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management, 2019
Genetic variability, heritability and selection response were studied among rice genotypes for yi... more Genetic variability, heritability and selection response were studied among rice genotypes for yield attributing traits. Nine rice genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with two replications at the University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan during 2018. Significant differences were observed among the rice genotypes for all the traits. Pakhal took maximum value for Culm length (113.6 cm), Panicle length (29.05 cm), Secondary branches panicle-1 (31.4), Grain length (10 mm), Spikelets panicle-1 (162.8) and Grains panicle-1 (122.7 g). However genotype NIAB-IR-8 took maximum value for 100 grain weight (2.9 g) and Grain yield plant-1 (30.28 g). High heritability and genetic advance were observed for all the studied traits viz. Culm length (0.95 and 27.77), Panicle length (0.84 and 3.83), Grain length (0.62 and 0.78), Secondary branches panicle-1 (0.66 and 6.19), Spikelets panicle-1 (0.59 and 21.82), Grains panicle-1 (0.75 and 15.82), 100 grain weight (0.76 and 0.31...
This article, which includes novel unpublished data along with commentary and analysis, focuses o... more This article, which includes novel unpublished data along with commentary and analysis, focuses on approaches to link transcriptomic, proteomic, and peptidomic datasets mined from brain tissue to the original locations within the brain that they are derived from using digital atlas mapping techniques. We use, as an example, the transcriptomic, proteomic and peptidomic analyses conducted in the mammalian hypothalamus. Following a brief historical overview, we highlight studies that have mined biochemical and molecular information from the hypothalamus and then lay out a strategy for how these data can be linked spatially to the mapped locations in a canonical brain atlas where the data come from, thereby allowing researchers to integrate these data with other datasets across multiple scales. A key methodology that enables atlas-based mapping of extracted datasets – laser-capture microdissection – is discussed in detail, with a view of how this technology is a bridge between systems b...
International Journal of English Linguistics, 2019
This study examines the process of vowel epenthesis used by the Punjabi speakers to integrate the... more This study examines the process of vowel epenthesis used by the Punjabi speakers to integrate the English consonant cluster at onset position of the syllable. English and Punjabi are two different phonological system where English allows consonant cluster and complex consonants at onset while Punjabi only allows complex consonants. Hence for the integration of syllables with consonant cluster, Punjabi speakers have to insert a vowel to make the consonant configuration according to Punjabi phonotactics. The data for this study are collected from recordings of focus group discussions, interviews and video clips. The data are analyzed by using CV phonology and Distinct Feature theory. The results suggest that Punjabi speakers insert vowels to modify the English consonant clusters according to Punjabi phonological environment. Thus, they add another vowel node and resyllabify the consonant clusters. The mid central /ə/ vowel is the default epenthetic vowel while in some cases /e/ is als...
Under the current managed float exchange rate system; the central bank may respond to an exchange... more Under the current managed float exchange rate system; the central bank may respond to an exchange market disequilibria by changing either the international reserves or the exchange rates. Under such a regime, a major policy difficulty is the interaction between exchange rate policies and monetary policies. The monetary authorities intervene in the exchange market in response to undesired fluctuations in exchange rates,1 could adversely affect monetary control and move the economy away from internal target such as price stability. Under such a policy dilemma, fully sterilised intervention2 involves a pure swap of foreign and domestic assets, which have not effect on the money supply, received greater attention by the policy-makers in early 1980s, particularly, through the experience of West Germany [Obstfeld (1983)]. Ideally, it provides an independent policy tool to deal with the exchange rate without affecting the internal policy targets.
The study was designed to calculate the waiting time for employment for graduates in KP with resp... more The study was designed to calculate the waiting time for employment for graduates in KP with respect to their level of education and specialization in the field. Contribution of demographic, socioeconomic status, language proficiency, job preferences, job search methods and nepotisms was also measured regarding thewaiting time for employment. Responses of 791 respondents collected through multi-stage non-probability sampling were analyzed with the help of the wellknown Kaplan Meier and Cox regression models and Cox proportional hazard models. The study concluded that a graduate waited for 15 months to be employed during the period 2003-2014. Age, language proficiency, level of education, specialization, language proficiency, nepotism and socio economic factors have significant influence on waiting time for employment. The study recommends the development of integrated frame work for information about trends of unemployment, career counseling and elimination of unemployment at nation...
The study of old age problems is an emerging field in Pakistan. Old age brings variety of problem... more The study of old age problems is an emerging field in Pakistan. Old age brings variety of problems for both males and females, however, the nature of the problems of elderly men and women are different. This paper compares and analyses the problems faced by elderly men and women. This research study has been conducted in the semi urban town of Timergara, the head quarter of District Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data was collected from the respondents aged 60 years and above through in-depth interviews. The respondents were selected using convenient sampling technique. The study finds that because of gender discrimination and cultural factors, women have lower access to health services than men. Consequently health problems of elderly women are more severe than the health problems of elderly men. The study further finds that women at old age are poorer than men due to cultural restrictions on education, women employment, deprivation from property inheritance. Lack of old age pensio...
In China, agricultural activities are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, ranking second ... more In China, agricultural activities are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, ranking second only to another significant source. This presents a significant obstacle to reducing emissions and jeopardizes both the availability of food and the sustainable growth of agriculture. It is primarily the farmers who utilize cultivated land and are thus accountable for the initiation of these emissions. Farmers' role is significant in adopting green and low-carbon (LC) agricultural production practices, and their actions are directly tied to the achievement of the dual goals of carbon reduction. Understanding their motivations for engaging in LC production and the factors that influence their willingness to do so is important for both theory and practice. In this study, data was collected from 260 questionnaires in 13 counties across five major cities in Shaanxi Province. The purpose was to identify factors that impact farmers' motivation and willingness to engage in LC agriculture using linear regression analysis. A structural equation model was constructed to better understand the underlying mechanisms that influence farmers' actions towards LC farming practices. The study's findings indicate that (1) farmers' behavior towards LC production practices is notably impacted by internal motivation based on joy and internal motivation based on responsibility (IMR); (2) IMR has the most pronounced effect on farmers' adoption of LC production practices; (3) the internal motivation based on joy, IMR, behavior attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control are related to each other; and (4) the multi-group analysis of the data indicates that the impact of internal motivation based on joy and IMR on adopting sustainable farming practices may vary among different groups. It is essential to support farmers who have strong intrinsic motivation to engage in sustainable agriculture. Additionally, policymakers must promote positive attitudes towards sustainable farming to achieve the desired environmental (LC) objectives.
Chilgoza pine is an economically and ecologically important evergreen coniferous tree species of ... more Chilgoza pine is an economically and ecologically important evergreen coniferous tree species of the dry and rocky temperate zone, and a native of south Asia. This species is rated as near threatened (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This study hypothesized that climatic, soil and topographic variations strongly influence the distribution pattern and potential habitat suitability prediction of Chilgoza pine. Accordingly, this study was aimed to document the potential habitat suitability variations of Chilgoza pine under varying environmental scenarios by using 37 different environmental variables. The maximum entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm in MaxEnt software was used to forecast the potential habitat suitability under current and future (i.e., 2050s and 2070s) climate change scenarios (i.e., Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs): 245 and 585). A total of 238 species occurrence records were collected from Afghanistan, Pakistan and India, and employed to b...
Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies, 2021
This research examines the relationship between internet usage, socio-economic outcomes, and subj... more This research examines the relationship between internet usage, socio-economic outcomes, and subjective well-being. Social outcomes are measured in the form of formal and informal networks and economic outcomes are measured through education, employment, and financial status. Subjective well-being is defined as assessment of one’s own life satisfaction. The cross-sectional study is conducted through a survey. The data was collected through a self-designed questionnaire from 500 university graduates in different region of Pakistan. The Cox regression is used to investigate the relationship among the variables. In Cox regression the gender, education, major, subjective wellbeing (SWB), positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA) are significantly affecting the duration of internet usage. Internet usage increases with age, likewise internet usage is found more in women and married individuals than men and unmarried individuals. Economic outcomes are less for internet users than the non-...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
This study analyzes the effects of credit constraints on technical efficiency of Boro rice grower... more This study analyzes the effects of credit constraints on technical efficiency of Boro rice growers in the district of Pabna in Bangladesh. Using a simple random sampling technique, the data was collected from 570 Boro rice growers from the Pabna district of Bangladesh. Before conducting a field survey, a theoretical model was designed to identify credit-constrained and nonconstrained rice growers. We have analyzed the collected data in two phases: first, we investigated the technical efficiency of Boro rice growers using the stochastic frontier model (SFA); and second, we used an inefficiency effect model to estimate the influence of credit constraints on technical efficiency. Findings indicate that credit-constrained rice growers (CCRG) are 6.7% less technically efficient than credit non-constrained rice growers (CNRG). Findings further indicate that the education level of the household head, family size, certified seed, sowing time, access to extension services, off-farm income, and household savings have significant effects on the technical efficiency of both groups of rice growers. Furthermore, credit size has a significantly positive impact, whereas the interest rate imposed on the principal amount has a significantly negative impact.
Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 2017
The study was designed to asses the residual effect of organic N (Poultry Manure) and mineral N o... more The study was designed to asses the residual effect of organic N (Poultry Manure) and mineral N on maize crop in field experiments carried out on silty clay loam soil at NIFA, Tarnab, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan during 2014-15. Combined dose of N from both sources were 120 kg ha-1 applied to wheat crop alone and in different combination making six treatments. Maize variety (Azam) was sown in Randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replications. Agronomic data, grains ear-1, 1000 grain weight, biomass grain yield data, N-uptake in maize grain and straw were recorded. Results showed that maximum grain ear−1, 1000 grain weight, biomass and grain yield was obtained from treatment where 25% N applied from poultry manure + 75% from mineral N source applied to previous wheat crop. Agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were also found maximum in treatment where 75% poultry manure + 25% mineral N was applied. It was concluded from the study that residual ...
The economy of Pakistan is agrarian. The production system is predominantly irrigated that uses 9... more The economy of Pakistan is agrarian. The production system is predominantly irrigated that uses 90% of the available river-water and provides over 80% of agricultural produce. The productive resources of land and water, which are the base for food production, are limited, rather dwindling due, inter alia, to the changing climate. The climate change is exerting pressure on these resources, both directly (e.g. through increased glacier-melt, increased evapotranspiration, increased land-degradation, etc) and indirectly (e.g. via enhancing soil processes, such as, denitrification leading to emission of greenhouse gases, and unavailability of plant-nutrients, increasing crop-water requirements, etc). Not only this, but the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events of floods, drought, cyclones, etc., is on the increase with serious consequences for the standing crops apart from immeasurable damage to life and property. These changes are expected to have significant impacts on food...
The aim of this article is to examine the ways through which the immigrant Pashto speech communit... more The aim of this article is to examine the ways through which the immigrant Pashto speech community constructs their bilingual identity in the multicultural settings of Lahore. The participants for the research were selected through purposive sampling technique. The data of the study was collected via interviews from 10 adults of Pashto speech community, who have been living in Lahore for more than five years. The study is based on the philosophy of Spolsky's (2004) Language Policy Framework, which considers language practices, beliefs and management as different ways of constructing identities. The nature of the data is descriptive and qualitative, and thematic analysis was used while the data coding was performed through Atlas.ti software. The findings revealed that the Pashto speakers use their first language (Pashto) in their home environment to maintain their language, identity and culture while using Urdu and English outside their home domain at their workplaces.
In this study, we analyzed the effects of the partial quantity rationing of credit on the technic... more In this study, we analyzed the effects of the partial quantity rationing of credit on the technical efficiency of Boro rice growers in the Pabna district of Bangladesh. Before conducting the field survey, we designed a theoretical framework and identified farm households affected by the partial quantity rationing of credit. Data were collected from 174 Boro rice growers and analyzed in two stages, where the technical efficiency of Boro rice growers was assessed using stochastic frontier analysis, and the inefficiency effects model was then applied to evaluate determinants of the technical efficiency. The mean technical efficiency of Boro rice growers was 78%, which indicates that their technical efficiency was 22% beyond the production frontier curve. The variables comprising the household head’s age, education level, seed quality, formal training, access to the market, farm labor, tillage cost, fertilizer cost, irrigation cost, and price of seedlings significantly affected the tech...
The aim of the present study is to investigate the different aspects of intertextuality as adapta... more The aim of the present study is to investigate the different aspects of intertextuality as adaptation in Pakistani TV advertisements. The target of advertising companies is to persuade their consumers, so they use different approaches for this purpose and intertextuality is one of them. To investigate the problem the following research question has been designed: Which aspects of intertextuality do the Pakistani TV commercials adapt in order to achieve their intended effects? The research design of the study is qualitative and descriptive. The study consists of eight Pakistani TV advertisements that have been collected from Pakistani TV channels through purposive sampling. The theoretical framework of the study is based on the approach of Intertextuality proposed by Kristeva (1966). The findings showed that the advertisers have created their advertisements by adapting the intertextuality elements of citation, reference, allusion and translation to make them attractive and enticing t...
Exchange rate provides a key link between the domestic and world markets for goods and assets. Th... more Exchange rate provides a key link between the domestic and world markets for goods and assets. Therefore, a proper and detailed analysis of the behaviour of exchange rate is required. There is also growing agreement that prolonged and substantial exchange rate misalignment can create severe macroeconomic disequilibria and the correction of external balance will require both exchange rate devaluation and demand management policies. Thus the policy-makers have used PPP theory as a guide to represent the external competitiveness of a country, and as a benchmark against which floating exchange rates are judged to be misaligned. Developments in 1990s and 2000s show that cost associated with exchange rate misalignment is very high. Hence, the analysis of exchange rate determination in the presence of exchange rate misalignment is crucial for the policy purpose because of its role as a component of an early warning system [Berg, et al. (2000)].
The aim of this research is to analyze practices in multicultural education among faculty of UMT,... more The aim of this research is to analyze practices in multicultural education among faculty of UMT, Lahore campus. To achieve the aim of study, the data was collected from 33 faculty members of the SSH department of UMT through purposive sampling. The closed-ended questionnaire with 5 Likert scale was used as an instrument to collect the data along with it a semi-structured interview was conducted to achieve the triangulation. Furthermore, the framework focuses on the different dimensions of multiethnic schooling created by Bank (2006, 2010). Data gathered through questionnaire was analyzed quantitatively while the data collected through semi-structured interview was analyzed qualitatively. The study revealed that the teachers are more focusing on content integration and equity pedagogy as compared the facts creation and prejudice reduction. As far as the empowerment of ethos and communal construction of UMT concerned with most teacher that are in favor of it.
Journal on Innovation and Sustainability RISUS, 2019
Strategic orientations like Market orientation (MO) and Learning orientation (LO) play critical r... more Strategic orientations like Market orientation (MO) and Learning orientation (LO) play critical role in improving the performance of both large and small scale businesses. This paper investigate the relationship between LO and organizational performance with MO as moderator. The current study reports the findings of two hundred and seven owners or managers of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan. The findings of the study indicate a positive relationship between LO and organizational performance. Mo was found to have moderated the direct relationship between LO and organizational performance. This study is among the few attempts made to systematically examine the interplay among MO, LO and organizational performance in SMEs operating in Pakistan.
International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology, 2019
The aim of the review was to explore the necessity, advantages and different techniques of oral f... more The aim of the review was to explore the necessity, advantages and different techniques of oral films for enhancing solubility of poorly soluble drugs with an emphasis on the newer, state-of the art technologies, such as 3D printing and hot-melt extrusion (HME). The historical background of oral films is presented along with the regularly used techniques. The modern approach of quality-by-design (QbD) is unravelled, identifying appropriate critical process parameters (CPP) and applied to oral films. A section is devoted modern technologies such as 3D printing and HME of oral films. Oral films are innovative formulations by which poorly soluble drugs have been founds to give positive results in enhancing their solubility and dissolution characteristics. With modern sophisticated techniques, precise mass production of oral films has been given a thrust. Oral films have better patient compliance, improved biopharmaceutical properties, improved efficacy, and better safety. By applying Q...
Exchange rate fluctuations play a vital role in influencing macroeconomic variables including eco... more Exchange rate fluctuations play a vital role in influencing macroeconomic variables including economic growth via the channels of net exports and investments. This study claims to be the first in assessing the asymmetric effect of exchange rate fluctuations on G.D.P. in Pakistan whose currency had the title of 'worst currency of South Asia' in 2018 after more than 20% depreciation in just three months. In this study, we employ a recently developed technique of Non-linear A.R.D.L. by Shin, Yu, and Greenwood-Nimmo (2014) to test for possible asymmetric effect of exchange rate on G.D.P. along with the proxies of fiscal and monetary policies. Both A.R.D.L. and N.A.R.D.L. are applied on annual data range from 1972 to 2014. The results of A.R.D.L. are found poor and co-integration relationship lost when the assumption of symmetry is taken into consideration. On the contrary, Non-linear A.R.D.L. technique carry more rich information related to the issue at hand and co-integration relationship is confirmed. From the results we found that week currency hurts G.D.P. growth, while strong currency adds to growth. Besides these, we confirm asymmetric impact of exchange rate on G.D.P. growth in Pakistan and find the evidence of short-run, long-run and adjustment asymmetry. To achieve the objective of sustained growth, exchange rate management should focus to restore stability and go for more strong currency in Pakistan. Future research needs to consider capital flows and exchange rate regimes in the form of 'Sudden Stop hypothesis' when investigating the asymmetric impact of exchange rate.
Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management, 2019
Genetic variability, heritability and selection response were studied among rice genotypes for yi... more Genetic variability, heritability and selection response were studied among rice genotypes for yield attributing traits. Nine rice genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with two replications at the University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan during 2018. Significant differences were observed among the rice genotypes for all the traits. Pakhal took maximum value for Culm length (113.6 cm), Panicle length (29.05 cm), Secondary branches panicle-1 (31.4), Grain length (10 mm), Spikelets panicle-1 (162.8) and Grains panicle-1 (122.7 g). However genotype NIAB-IR-8 took maximum value for 100 grain weight (2.9 g) and Grain yield plant-1 (30.28 g). High heritability and genetic advance were observed for all the studied traits viz. Culm length (0.95 and 27.77), Panicle length (0.84 and 3.83), Grain length (0.62 and 0.78), Secondary branches panicle-1 (0.66 and 6.19), Spikelets panicle-1 (0.59 and 21.82), Grains panicle-1 (0.75 and 15.82), 100 grain weight (0.76 and 0.31...
This article, which includes novel unpublished data along with commentary and analysis, focuses o... more This article, which includes novel unpublished data along with commentary and analysis, focuses on approaches to link transcriptomic, proteomic, and peptidomic datasets mined from brain tissue to the original locations within the brain that they are derived from using digital atlas mapping techniques. We use, as an example, the transcriptomic, proteomic and peptidomic analyses conducted in the mammalian hypothalamus. Following a brief historical overview, we highlight studies that have mined biochemical and molecular information from the hypothalamus and then lay out a strategy for how these data can be linked spatially to the mapped locations in a canonical brain atlas where the data come from, thereby allowing researchers to integrate these data with other datasets across multiple scales. A key methodology that enables atlas-based mapping of extracted datasets – laser-capture microdissection – is discussed in detail, with a view of how this technology is a bridge between systems b...
International Journal of English Linguistics, 2019
This study examines the process of vowel epenthesis used by the Punjabi speakers to integrate the... more This study examines the process of vowel epenthesis used by the Punjabi speakers to integrate the English consonant cluster at onset position of the syllable. English and Punjabi are two different phonological system where English allows consonant cluster and complex consonants at onset while Punjabi only allows complex consonants. Hence for the integration of syllables with consonant cluster, Punjabi speakers have to insert a vowel to make the consonant configuration according to Punjabi phonotactics. The data for this study are collected from recordings of focus group discussions, interviews and video clips. The data are analyzed by using CV phonology and Distinct Feature theory. The results suggest that Punjabi speakers insert vowels to modify the English consonant clusters according to Punjabi phonological environment. Thus, they add another vowel node and resyllabify the consonant clusters. The mid central /ə/ vowel is the default epenthetic vowel while in some cases /e/ is als...
Under the current managed float exchange rate system; the central bank may respond to an exchange... more Under the current managed float exchange rate system; the central bank may respond to an exchange market disequilibria by changing either the international reserves or the exchange rates. Under such a regime, a major policy difficulty is the interaction between exchange rate policies and monetary policies. The monetary authorities intervene in the exchange market in response to undesired fluctuations in exchange rates,1 could adversely affect monetary control and move the economy away from internal target such as price stability. Under such a policy dilemma, fully sterilised intervention2 involves a pure swap of foreign and domestic assets, which have not effect on the money supply, received greater attention by the policy-makers in early 1980s, particularly, through the experience of West Germany [Obstfeld (1983)]. Ideally, it provides an independent policy tool to deal with the exchange rate without affecting the internal policy targets.
The study was designed to calculate the waiting time for employment for graduates in KP with resp... more The study was designed to calculate the waiting time for employment for graduates in KP with respect to their level of education and specialization in the field. Contribution of demographic, socioeconomic status, language proficiency, job preferences, job search methods and nepotisms was also measured regarding thewaiting time for employment. Responses of 791 respondents collected through multi-stage non-probability sampling were analyzed with the help of the wellknown Kaplan Meier and Cox regression models and Cox proportional hazard models. The study concluded that a graduate waited for 15 months to be employed during the period 2003-2014. Age, language proficiency, level of education, specialization, language proficiency, nepotism and socio economic factors have significant influence on waiting time for employment. The study recommends the development of integrated frame work for information about trends of unemployment, career counseling and elimination of unemployment at nation...
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