To investigate the effects of Terminalia arjuna (T. arjuna ) extract on human hepatoma cell line ... more To investigate the effects of Terminalia arjuna (T. arjuna ) extract on human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) and its possible role in induction of apoptosis.
In the Indian philosophical tradition Arjuna stands out as a major representative of an important... more In the Indian philosophical tradition Arjuna stands out as a major representative of an important ethical and intellectual position, as Socrates stands out in the West. While the cultural contexts of the views of Arjuna and Socrates differ significantly, their views on the axiological status of the physical body have much in common. As an exercise in comparative thought in the area of “the philosophy of the body”, much can be gained through a comparison of the corpological views of these two venerable characters as they are depicted in circumstances that ctystalise their teachings, i.e. in their ‘trials’: Arjuna as he stands before Krsna just prior to the great battle narrated in the Mahābhārata and Socrates as he sits with his beloved friend Crito just prior to his day of execution.
ABSTRACT The prophylactic efficacy of arjuna (Terminalia arjuna. L.) extract to reduce tissue lea... more ABSTRACT The prophylactic efficacy of arjuna (Terminalia arjuna. L.) extract to reduce tissue lead (-Pb) concentration was evaluated experimentally in rats. Thirty female rats were divided into five groups, with group A as the control. Rats of groups B, C, D, and E received lead acetate orally at the rate of 5 mg per kg body weight daily for 6 weeks. The arjuna extract was tried in three doses, viz., 50 mg (low), 100 mg (medium), and 200 mg (high) per kg body weight orally and given simultaneously with Pb salt to the rats of groups C, D, and E, respectively. Mean blood Pb concentration in Pb-exposed rats ranged between 0.13 ± 0.02 and 0.96 ± 0.06 µg/ml, whereas in arjuna-treated rats, the range was between 0.15 ± 0.02 and 0.94 ± 0.06, 0.17 ± 0.01 and 0.77 ± 0.06, and 0.13 ± 0.1 and 0.51 ± 0.07 µg/ml in low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, respectively. The mean Pb concentration in liver, kidneys, brain, and bone of Pb-exposed rats was 2.289 ± 0.206, 4.748 ± 0.609, 1.019 ± 0.10, and 44.075 ± 2.60 µg/g, respectively. Concomitant use of arjuna bark extract at three different doses was found to reduce Pb concentration considerably in these vital organs indicating the potential therapeutic activity of arjuna against lead toxicity.
Free radicals and associated oxidative stress induced by alloxan are implicated in eliciting path... more Free radicals and associated oxidative stress induced by alloxan are implicated in eliciting pathological changes in diabetes mellitus. Terminalia arjuna bark, an indigenous plant used in ayurvedic medicine in India, primarily as a cardiotonic is also used in treating diabetes, anemia, tumors and hypertension. The present study examined the effect of ethanolic extract (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) of Terminalia arjuna stem bark in alloxan induced diabetic rats and its lipid peroxidation, enzymatic and nonenzymatic activity was investigated in the liver and kidney tissues. The extract produced significant (P<0.05) reduction in lipid peroxidation (LPO). The effect of oral T. arjuna at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight was more than the 250 mg/kg body weight. The extract also causes a significant (P<0.05) increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, reduced glutathione, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, total sulfhydryl groups (TSH) and non protein sulfhydryl groups (NPSH) in liver and kidney of alloxan induced diabetic rats, which clearly shows, the antioxidant property of T. arjuna bark. The result indicates that the extract exhibit the antioxidant activity through correction of oxidative stress and validates the traditional use of this plant in diabetic animals.
Terminalia arjuna Wight & Arn. (Combretaceae) is a tree having an extensive medicinal potential. ... more Terminalia arjuna Wight & Arn. (Combretaceae) is a tree having an extensive medicinal potential. The plant is used traditionally in the treatment of various aliments. T. arjuna is a very good hypocholsteremic, hypolipidemic, anticoagulant, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial agent Various parts of plant have been investigated for the presence of phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities. Many useful phytoconstituents have been isolated from T. arjuna. Triterpenoids are mainly responsible for cardiovascular properties. Tannins and flavonoids are responsible for its anticancer properties. The present review summarizes the ethnic use, pharmacological activities of the extracts and phytoconstituents of T. arjuna for last 90 years.
Abbreviations used in this paper: Apaf-1, apoptotic protease activating factor-1; BAT1, HLA-B-ass... more Abbreviations used in this paper: Apaf-1, apoptotic protease activating factor-1; BAT1, HLA-B-associated transcript 1; CI, confidence interval; HLA, human leucocyte antigen; MICA, major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A; MICB, major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene B; NFB, nuclear factor B; PAR, population attributable risk; RR, relative risk; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.
The stem bark of Terminalia arjuna Linn. (fam: Combretaceae), commonly known as Arjuna in Indian ... more The stem bark of Terminalia arjuna Linn. (fam: Combretaceae), commonly known as Arjuna in Indian systems of medicine, is a reputed drug used for various cardiac disorders. T. arjuna stem bark is reported to contain different groups of chemical constituents including phenolics, tannins, saponins and triterpenoid acids. From our earlier experience with tannin containing herbal drugs, we are aware that tannins interfere in the extraction of certain compounds and hence in their quantification. In the present experiment, we report a sample preparation method to overcome the interference of the tannins by adsorbing them with carboxy methyl cellulose, which facilitates the efficient extraction of the triterpenoid acids. Further we established TLC densitometric methods for the quantification of two of the triterpenoid acids of T. arjuna stem bark viz., arjungenin and arjunolic acid using HPTLC. The methods were validated in terms of accuracy, precision and repeatability. The calibration curve showed linearity in the range of 160–480 ng spot−1 and 160–560 ng spot−1 for arjungenin and arjunolic acid respectively. The percentage of arjungenin and arjunolic acid were found to be 0.324% w/w and 0.524% w/w in the stem bark by this modified method of extraction, which was many times higher than when compared to that using the extraction method without CMC (0.018% and 0.049% respectively). The study reiterates the importance of sample preparation in the quantification of non polar phytochemicals from herbal raw materials, such that the compounds of interest are extracted efficiently, overcoming the interference of other compounds like tannins in the matrix of plant material.
Summary Alcoholic extract of the bark of T. arjuna W. & A. fed orally to albino rats at different... more Summary Alcoholic extract of the bark of T. arjuna W. & A. fed orally to albino rats at different doses caused degenerative changes in the testis, epithelial atrophy, narrowing and distortion of the lumen and infiltration of lamina propria with wide channels in the vas deferens of rats.Zusammenfassung Ein alkoholischer Extrakt der Rinde von T. arjuna W. & A. wurde Albinoratten gefüttert in unterschiedlicher Dosierung und verursachte degenerative Veränderungen an den Hoden, eine Epithelatrophie, Verkleinerung und Verdrehung des Lumens sowie Infiltration der Lamina propria mit weiten Kanälen im Vas deferens.
... Manna P, Sinha, M and Sil PC. Aqueous extract of Terminalia arjuna prevents carbon tetrachlor... more ... Manna P, Sinha, M and Sil PC. Aqueous extract of Terminalia arjuna prevents carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic and renal disorders. ... Vol. III. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi (1988) 985-1079. William GK and Juneja V. Medical nutrition therapy (5) (6) ...
Terminalia arjuna (“Arjuna”) in the family Combretaceae is a well-known medicinal tree whose bark... more Terminalia arjuna (“Arjuna”) in the family Combretaceae is a well-known medicinal tree whose bark is extensively used in Ayurvedic medicine, particularly as a cardiac tonic. Demand for Arjuna bark, both in India and abroad, has been growing rapidly for over a decade. Litsea glutinosa (“Maida”) in the family Lauraceae is a medium size tree. Its bark is used to treat joint pain, fracture, sprain, arthritis, back pain, and indigestion. Presently the bark of Arjuna and Maida is being extracted through unscientific and destructive harvesting practices. This is the first study on development of sustainable harvesting practices of Arjuna and Maida bark. The stages of bark recovery varied from tree to tree. Age of tree, harvesting method, and season of harvest influenced bark regeneration. This study recommends that for sustainable harvest, mature bark from only one fourth to one third of the total girth of the tree should be stripped by removing only outer and middle bark, leaving the inner bark for regeneration. However, strip harvesting was found to be the best method in younger trees having a girth at breast height (GBH) of less than 60 cm. Sustainable bark harvesting can be done after every 2 yr for Arjuna and 1 yr for Maida by removing opposite quarters of trunk bark.
To investigate the effects of Terminalia arjuna (T. arjuna ) extract on human hepatoma cell line ... more To investigate the effects of Terminalia arjuna (T. arjuna ) extract on human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) and its possible role in induction of apoptosis.
In the Indian philosophical tradition Arjuna stands out as a major representative of an important... more In the Indian philosophical tradition Arjuna stands out as a major representative of an important ethical and intellectual position, as Socrates stands out in the West. While the cultural contexts of the views of Arjuna and Socrates differ significantly, their views on the axiological status of the physical body have much in common. As an exercise in comparative thought in the area of “the philosophy of the body”, much can be gained through a comparison of the corpological views of these two venerable characters as they are depicted in circumstances that ctystalise their teachings, i.e. in their ‘trials’: Arjuna as he stands before Krsna just prior to the great battle narrated in the Mahābhārata and Socrates as he sits with his beloved friend Crito just prior to his day of execution.
ABSTRACT The prophylactic efficacy of arjuna (Terminalia arjuna. L.) extract to reduce tissue lea... more ABSTRACT The prophylactic efficacy of arjuna (Terminalia arjuna. L.) extract to reduce tissue lead (-Pb) concentration was evaluated experimentally in rats. Thirty female rats were divided into five groups, with group A as the control. Rats of groups B, C, D, and E received lead acetate orally at the rate of 5 mg per kg body weight daily for 6 weeks. The arjuna extract was tried in three doses, viz., 50 mg (low), 100 mg (medium), and 200 mg (high) per kg body weight orally and given simultaneously with Pb salt to the rats of groups C, D, and E, respectively. Mean blood Pb concentration in Pb-exposed rats ranged between 0.13 ± 0.02 and 0.96 ± 0.06 µg/ml, whereas in arjuna-treated rats, the range was between 0.15 ± 0.02 and 0.94 ± 0.06, 0.17 ± 0.01 and 0.77 ± 0.06, and 0.13 ± 0.1 and 0.51 ± 0.07 µg/ml in low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, respectively. The mean Pb concentration in liver, kidneys, brain, and bone of Pb-exposed rats was 2.289 ± 0.206, 4.748 ± 0.609, 1.019 ± 0.10, and 44.075 ± 2.60 µg/g, respectively. Concomitant use of arjuna bark extract at three different doses was found to reduce Pb concentration considerably in these vital organs indicating the potential therapeutic activity of arjuna against lead toxicity.
Free radicals and associated oxidative stress induced by alloxan are implicated in eliciting path... more Free radicals and associated oxidative stress induced by alloxan are implicated in eliciting pathological changes in diabetes mellitus. Terminalia arjuna bark, an indigenous plant used in ayurvedic medicine in India, primarily as a cardiotonic is also used in treating diabetes, anemia, tumors and hypertension. The present study examined the effect of ethanolic extract (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) of Terminalia arjuna stem bark in alloxan induced diabetic rats and its lipid peroxidation, enzymatic and nonenzymatic activity was investigated in the liver and kidney tissues. The extract produced significant (P<0.05) reduction in lipid peroxidation (LPO). The effect of oral T. arjuna at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight was more than the 250 mg/kg body weight. The extract also causes a significant (P<0.05) increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, reduced glutathione, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, total sulfhydryl groups (TSH) and non protein sulfhydryl groups (NPSH) in liver and kidney of alloxan induced diabetic rats, which clearly shows, the antioxidant property of T. arjuna bark. The result indicates that the extract exhibit the antioxidant activity through correction of oxidative stress and validates the traditional use of this plant in diabetic animals.
Terminalia arjuna Wight & Arn. (Combretaceae) is a tree having an extensive medicinal potential. ... more Terminalia arjuna Wight & Arn. (Combretaceae) is a tree having an extensive medicinal potential. The plant is used traditionally in the treatment of various aliments. T. arjuna is a very good hypocholsteremic, hypolipidemic, anticoagulant, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial agent Various parts of plant have been investigated for the presence of phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities. Many useful phytoconstituents have been isolated from T. arjuna. Triterpenoids are mainly responsible for cardiovascular properties. Tannins and flavonoids are responsible for its anticancer properties. The present review summarizes the ethnic use, pharmacological activities of the extracts and phytoconstituents of T. arjuna for last 90 years.
Abbreviations used in this paper: Apaf-1, apoptotic protease activating factor-1; BAT1, HLA-B-ass... more Abbreviations used in this paper: Apaf-1, apoptotic protease activating factor-1; BAT1, HLA-B-associated transcript 1; CI, confidence interval; HLA, human leucocyte antigen; MICA, major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A; MICB, major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene B; NFB, nuclear factor B; PAR, population attributable risk; RR, relative risk; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.
The stem bark of Terminalia arjuna Linn. (fam: Combretaceae), commonly known as Arjuna in Indian ... more The stem bark of Terminalia arjuna Linn. (fam: Combretaceae), commonly known as Arjuna in Indian systems of medicine, is a reputed drug used for various cardiac disorders. T. arjuna stem bark is reported to contain different groups of chemical constituents including phenolics, tannins, saponins and triterpenoid acids. From our earlier experience with tannin containing herbal drugs, we are aware that tannins interfere in the extraction of certain compounds and hence in their quantification. In the present experiment, we report a sample preparation method to overcome the interference of the tannins by adsorbing them with carboxy methyl cellulose, which facilitates the efficient extraction of the triterpenoid acids. Further we established TLC densitometric methods for the quantification of two of the triterpenoid acids of T. arjuna stem bark viz., arjungenin and arjunolic acid using HPTLC. The methods were validated in terms of accuracy, precision and repeatability. The calibration curve showed linearity in the range of 160–480 ng spot−1 and 160–560 ng spot−1 for arjungenin and arjunolic acid respectively. The percentage of arjungenin and arjunolic acid were found to be 0.324% w/w and 0.524% w/w in the stem bark by this modified method of extraction, which was many times higher than when compared to that using the extraction method without CMC (0.018% and 0.049% respectively). The study reiterates the importance of sample preparation in the quantification of non polar phytochemicals from herbal raw materials, such that the compounds of interest are extracted efficiently, overcoming the interference of other compounds like tannins in the matrix of plant material.
Summary Alcoholic extract of the bark of T. arjuna W. & A. fed orally to albino rats at different... more Summary Alcoholic extract of the bark of T. arjuna W. & A. fed orally to albino rats at different doses caused degenerative changes in the testis, epithelial atrophy, narrowing and distortion of the lumen and infiltration of lamina propria with wide channels in the vas deferens of rats.Zusammenfassung Ein alkoholischer Extrakt der Rinde von T. arjuna W. & A. wurde Albinoratten gefüttert in unterschiedlicher Dosierung und verursachte degenerative Veränderungen an den Hoden, eine Epithelatrophie, Verkleinerung und Verdrehung des Lumens sowie Infiltration der Lamina propria mit weiten Kanälen im Vas deferens.
... Manna P, Sinha, M and Sil PC. Aqueous extract of Terminalia arjuna prevents carbon tetrachlor... more ... Manna P, Sinha, M and Sil PC. Aqueous extract of Terminalia arjuna prevents carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic and renal disorders. ... Vol. III. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi (1988) 985-1079. William GK and Juneja V. Medical nutrition therapy (5) (6) ...
Terminalia arjuna (“Arjuna”) in the family Combretaceae is a well-known medicinal tree whose bark... more Terminalia arjuna (“Arjuna”) in the family Combretaceae is a well-known medicinal tree whose bark is extensively used in Ayurvedic medicine, particularly as a cardiac tonic. Demand for Arjuna bark, both in India and abroad, has been growing rapidly for over a decade. Litsea glutinosa (“Maida”) in the family Lauraceae is a medium size tree. Its bark is used to treat joint pain, fracture, sprain, arthritis, back pain, and indigestion. Presently the bark of Arjuna and Maida is being extracted through unscientific and destructive harvesting practices. This is the first study on development of sustainable harvesting practices of Arjuna and Maida bark. The stages of bark recovery varied from tree to tree. Age of tree, harvesting method, and season of harvest influenced bark regeneration. This study recommends that for sustainable harvest, mature bark from only one fourth to one third of the total girth of the tree should be stripped by removing only outer and middle bark, leaving the inner bark for regeneration. However, strip harvesting was found to be the best method in younger trees having a girth at breast height (GBH) of less than 60 cm. Sustainable bark harvesting can be done after every 2 yr for Arjuna and 1 yr for Maida by removing opposite quarters of trunk bark.
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