International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jan 31, 2019
Purpose Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is known to be associated with positive health bene... more Purpose Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is known to be associated with positive health benefits, but the role of occupational physical demands remains inconsistent. The purpose of the current study was to assess the relationship between LTPA and work ability in different occupational physical activity (OPA) levels between young adult men. Methods We performed physical activity measurements in work and leisure time with the long version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and work ability with the Work Ability Index (WAI) in 921 Finnish employed male volunteer participants. The participants were divided into LTPA tertiles I (< 8 MET-h/week), II (8-28 MET-h/week), and III (> 28 MET-h/week) and OPA tertiles I (0 MET-h/week), II (< 64 MET-h/week), and III (≥ 64 MET-h/week). Results There was a significant relationship between LTPA and WAI in OPA tertiles (adjusted for age, alcohol consumption, working class status, BMI, and employment years). Moreover, each LTPA tertile showed significant linear associations with WAI (P < 0.001). Conclusion LTPA is positively associated with work ability among young adult men. More specifically, the relationships between LTPA and WAI were significantly greater in physically demanding jobs than in more passive jobs. Our results indicate the importance of LTPA, particularly with individuals under higher work-related physical strain.
Background Health benefits of physical activity are very well acknowledged but the role of both o... more Background Health benefits of physical activity are very well acknowledged but the role of both occupational physical activity (OPA) and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in recovery after work is not thoroughly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between accelerometer-measured OPA and LTPA and the need for recovery after work (NFR) in early childhood education and care (ECEC) professionals. Methods The study participants were 217 female ECEC professionals aged 17–64. Physical activity was recorded with a three-axis accelerometer (ActiGraph GT9X Link, ActiGraph, USA) for seven consecutive days. Separate analyses were conducted for both OPA and LTPA and reported as hours/day based on different intensity levels (light, moderate, vigorous, very vigorous). The NFR was measured with the Need For Recovery (NFR) scale (0%–100%). Results Participants’ average physical activity for both OPA and LTPA was about 4 h/day, and the mean NFR score was 38.4%....
declare that they have no conflict of interest. Koljonen in designing the training program. We wo... more declare that they have no conflict of interest. Koljonen in designing the training program. We would also like to thank Timo Annala, Milan Sedliak, Leena Hakola and Risto Puurtinen for valuable technical assistance with the data collection and analysis, and all the athletes participating in this study. The study was supported by grants from the Academy of Finland (250683), Ministry of Education and Culture, Peurunka-Medical Rehabilitation Foundation, Ellen and Artturi Nyyssönen Foundation, Juho Vainio Foundation and Finnish Cultural Foundation to MK and HS.
Our aim was to study the effects of sense of coherence (SOC) on training adherence and interindiv... more Our aim was to study the effects of sense of coherence (SOC) on training adherence and interindividual changes in muscle strength, mobility, and balance after resistance training in older people with hip fracture history. These are secondary analyses of a 12-week randomized controlled trial of progressive resistance training in 60- to 85-year-old community-dwelling people 0.5–7 years after hip fracture (n = 45; ISRCTN34271567). Pre- and posttrial assessments included SOC, knee extension strength, walking speed, timed up-and-go (TUG), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Group-by-SOC interaction effects (repeated-measures ANOVA) were statistically significant for TUG (p = .005) and BBS (p = .040), but not for knee extension strength or walking speed. Weaker SOC was associated with poorer training adherence (mixed model; p = .009). Thus, more complicated physical tasks did not improve in those with weaker SOC, independently of training adherence. Older people with weaker SOC may need additional psychosocial support in physical rehabilitation programs to optimize training response.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sep 1, 2008
Objective: To study the effects of resistance training on muscle strength parameters, mobility, a... more Objective: To study the effects of resistance training on muscle strength parameters, mobility, and balance. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Research laboratory and senior gym. Participants: Population-based sample of eligible 60-to 85-year-old community-dwelling men and women 0.5 to 7.0 years after hip fracture. Forty-six people had no contraindications and were willing to participate in the exercise trial. Intervention: Twelve-week intensive progressive strengthpower training (nϭ24), aiming to reduce asymmetric deficit in leg muscle strength and power, or no intervention (nϭ22). Main Outcome Measures: Isometric knee extension torque (KET) and leg extension power (LEP) measured in the weaker and stronger leg and the asymmetric deficit ([weak/sum both legs] ϫ 100%), 10-m walking speed, dynamic balance test, and self-reported outdoor mobility. Results: KET increased in both legs (PϽ.021), LEP tended to increase in the weaker leg (Pϭ.071), and asymmetric LEP deficit decreased (Pϭ.010) after training compared with the control group. LEP of the stronger leg, asymmetric KET deficit, walking speed, and balance performance were not significantly affected by training. Self-reported ability to walk outdoors improved after training. The compliance to the training was over 90%, and few adverse events (nϭ4; mainly musculoskeletal) were likely to be caused by the training. Conclusions: Intensive resistance training is feasible for people with a hip fracture and improved muscle strength and power. More intensive training especially for the weaker leg may be needed to obtain more marked effects on asymmetric deficit, mobility, and balance. Also, the timing and duration of training program should be considered. (ISRCTN identifier ISRCTN34271567.
We compared 7‐month changes in bone structural properties in pre‐ and early‐pubertal girls random... more We compared 7‐month changes in bone structural properties in pre‐ and early‐pubertal girls randomized to exercise intervention (10‐minute, 3 times per week, jumping program) or control groups. Girls were classified as prepubertal (PRE; Tanner breast stage 1; n = 43 for intervention [I] and n = 25 for control [C]) or early‐pubertal (EARLY; Tanner stages 2 and 3; n = 43 for I and n = 63 for C). Mean ± SD age was 10.0 ± 0.6 and 10.5 ± 0.6 for the PRE and EARLY groups, respectively. Proximal femur scans were analyzed using a hip structural analysis (HSA) program to assess bone mineral density (BMD), subperiosteal width, and cross‐sectional area and to estimate cortical thickness, endosteal diameter, and section modulus at the femoral neck (FN), intertrochanter (IT), and femoral shaft (FS) regions. There were no differences between intervention and control groups for baseline height, weight, calcium intake, or physical activity or for change over 7 months (p &gt; 0.05). We used analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to examine group differences in changes of bone structure, adjusting for baseline weight, height change, Tanner breast stage, and physical activity. There were no differences in change for bone structure in the PRE girls. The more mature girls (EARLY) in the intervention group showed significantly greater gains in FN (+2.6%, p = 0.03) and IT (+1.7%, p = 0.02) BMD. Underpinning these changes were increased bone cross‐sectional area and reduced endosteal expansion. Changes in subperiosteal dimensions did not differ. Structural changes improved section modulus (bending strength) at the FN (+4.0%, p = 0.04), but not at the IT region. There were no differences at the primarily cortical FS. These data provide insight into geometric changes that underpin exercise‐associated gain in bone strength in early‐pubertal girls.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Sep 1, 2015
To investigate the effects of exercise on patellar cartilage using T2 relaxation time mapping of ... more To investigate the effects of exercise on patellar cartilage using T2 relaxation time mapping of MRI in postmenopausal women with mild patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis (OA). Eighty postmenopausal women (mean age: 58 y (SD 4.2)) with mild knee osteoarthritis were randomized to either a supervised progressive impact exercise program three times a week for 12 months (n = 40) or to a non-intervention control group (n = 40). The biochemical properties of cartilage were estimated using T2 relaxation time mapping, a parameter sensitive to collagen integrity, collagen orientation and tissue hydration. Leg muscle strength and power, aerobic capacity and self-rated assessment by the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were also measured. Post intervention the full-thickness patellar cartilage T2 values had medium size effect (d= 0.59; 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.97, p=0.018), the change difference was 7% greater in the exercise group compared to the control group. In the deep half of tissue, the significant exercise effect was in medium size (d= 0.56; 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.99, p=0.013), the change difference was 8% greater in the exercise group compared to the controls. Also, significant medium size T2 effects were found in the total lateral segment, lateral deep and lateral superficial zone in favor of the exercise group. Extension force increased by 11% (d=0.63, p=0.006) more and maximal aerobic capacity by 4% (d=0.55, p=0.028) more in the exercise group than controls. No changes in KOOS emerged between the groups. Progressively implemented high-impact and intensive exercise created enough stimuli and had favorable effects both on patellar cartilage quality and physical function in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA.
This is a self-archived version of an original article. This version may differ from the original... more This is a self-archived version of an original article. This version may differ from the original in pagination and typographic details.
It is currently unknown whether knee replacement-associated bone loss is modified by rehabilitati... more It is currently unknown whether knee replacement-associated bone loss is modified by rehabilitation programs. Thus, a sample of 45 (18 men and 25 women) persons with unilateral knee replacement were recruited; age 66 years (sd 6), height 169 cm (sd 8), body mass 83 kg (sd 15), time since operation 10 months (sd 4) to explore the associations between maximal torque/power in knee extension/flexion and femoral midshaft bone traits (Cortical cross-sectional area (CoA, mm 2), cortical volumetric bone mineral density (CoD, mg/mm 3) and bone bending strength index (SSI, mm 3)). Bone traits were calculated from a single computed tomography slice from the femoral mid-shaft. Pain in the operated knee was assessed with the WOMAC questionnaire. Stepwise regression models were built for the operated leg bone traits, with knee extension and flexion torque and power, age, height, body mass, pain score and time since operation as independent variables. CoA was 2.3% (P = 0.015), CoD 1.2% (P b 0.001) and SSI 1.6% (P = 0.235) lower in the operated compared to non-operated leg. The overall proportions of the variation explained by the regression models were 50%, 29% and 55% for CoA, CoD and SSI, respectively. Body mass explained 12% of Coa, 11% of CoD and 11% of SSI (P ≤ 0.003). Maximal knee flexion torque explained 38% of Coa, 7% of CoD and 44% of SSI (p ≤ 0.047). For CoD time since operation also became a significant predictor (11%, P = 0.045). Knee flexion torque of the operated leg was positively associated with bone strength in the operated leg. Thus, successful rehabilitation may diminish bone loss in the operated leg.
ncreased participation in sports has led to more sports injuries. Evidence-based methods to preve... more ncreased participation in sports has led to more sports injuries. Evidence-based methods to prevent sports injuries are needed. A systematic review was conducted of the effects of randomized controlled interventions to prevent sports injuries. A systematic search was performed of various databases and the reference lists of articles and reviews. Two reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed the methodological quality of the included trials. Thirty-two trials (24 931 participants) met the inclusion criteria. We found evidence of the preventive effect of 3 types of injury prevention interventions. In 5 trials including 6 different comparisons (2446 participants), custom-made or prefabricated insoles reduced lower limb injuries compared with no insoles in military recruits (risk reduction Ն50% in 4 comparisons). All 7 studies investigating external joint supports (10 300 participants) showed a tendency to prevent ankle, wrist, or knee injuries (risk reduction Ն50% in 5 studies). All 6 multi-intervention training programs (2809 participants) were effective in preventing sports injuries (risk reduction Ն50% in 5 studies). Various interventions may prevent sports injuries. A decreased risk of sports injuries was associated with the use of insoles, external joint supports, and multi-intervention training programs. More high-quality randomized controlled trials in different sports and populations are needed.
The purpose was to investigate back pain and disability and their relationship to vertebral chang... more The purpose was to investigate back pain and disability and their relationship to vertebral changes in patients with untreated Scheuermann9s. Overall, 136 patients who had attended the outpatient clinics between 1950 and 1990 for Scheuermann9s were contacted, 49 of them (12 females, 37 males) responded. There was no difference in the baseline data between responders and non-responders. From radiographs, th-kyphosis, l-lordosis, and scoliosis were measured. The number of affected vertebrae and the degree of wedging were registered. Anthropometric data, occurrence of back pain, disability scores, and employment status were compared to a representative sample (n=3835) of the normal population. After mean follow-up of 37 (6.5;25.9-53.7) y, their average age was 58.8 (8.2;44.4.-79.3) y. Male patients were significantly taller than the control subjects. Female patients were on average 6 kg heavier (P=0.016) and their mean BMI was higher (23.9 kg/m 2 vs 20.8 kg/m 2 ,P=0.001) at age 20 than...
The Ministry of Education and the National Board of Education was given by the University of Jyva... more The Ministry of Education and the National Board of Education was given by the University of Jyvaskyla Sport and Health Sciences faculty assignment to design a nationwide physical function monitoring system. It is intended to support school health care and, in particular large-scale comprehensive health checks 5th and 8th grades of (Government Decree 380/2009). This monitoring and feedback system is to help primary pupils and their families to understand the physical function links the student's health, daily well-being, endurance and learning. The meter development work in physical function were defined by definition Rissanen (1999), according to which it refers to the body's functional ability to cope with physical exertion implied by the tasks and the objectives set have been used. as a basis for the instrument cluster design working group analyzed the current school capacity everyday needs, such as: 1. the way to school doorway own muscle power (walking or cycling for at...
The age-related decline in muscle function, particularly muscle power, is associated with increas... more The age-related decline in muscle function, particularly muscle power, is associated with increased risk of important clinical outcomes. Physical activity is an important determinant of muscle function, and different types of physical activity e.g. power-based versus endurance-based exercise appear to have differential effects on muscle power. Cross-sectional studies suggest that participation in power-based exercise is associated with greater muscle power across adulthood but this has not been investigated longitudinally. We recruited eighty-nine male and female power and endurance master athletes (sprint and distance runners respectively, baseline age 35–90y). Using jumping mechanography, we measured lower limb muscle function during a vertical jump including at least two testing sessions longitudinally over 4.5 ± 2.4y. We examined effects of time, discipline (power/endurance) and sex in addition to two- and three-way interactions using linear mixed-effects models. Peak relative p...
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 2020
The aging‐related loss of muscle mass is thought to be partly attributable to motor neuron loss a... more The aging‐related loss of muscle mass is thought to be partly attributable to motor neuron loss and motor unit remodeling that result in fiber type grouping. We examined fiber type grouping in 19‐ to 85‐year‐old athletes and non‐athletes and evaluated to which extent any observed grouping is explained by the fiber type composition of the muscle. Since regular physical activity may stimulate reinnervation, we hypothesized that fiber groups are larger in master athletes than in age‐matched non‐athletes. Fiber type grouping was assessed in m. vastus lateralis biopsies from 22 young (19‐27 years) and 35 healthy older (66‐82 years) non‐athletes, and 14 young (20‐29 years), 51 middle‐aged (38‐65 years), and 31 older (66‐85 years) athletes. An “enclosed fiber” was any muscle fiber of a particular type surrounded by fibers of the same type only. A fiber type group was defined as a group of fibers with at least one enclosed fiber. Only type II fiber cross‐sectional area (FCSA) showed an age‐...
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jan 31, 2019
Purpose Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is known to be associated with positive health bene... more Purpose Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is known to be associated with positive health benefits, but the role of occupational physical demands remains inconsistent. The purpose of the current study was to assess the relationship between LTPA and work ability in different occupational physical activity (OPA) levels between young adult men. Methods We performed physical activity measurements in work and leisure time with the long version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and work ability with the Work Ability Index (WAI) in 921 Finnish employed male volunteer participants. The participants were divided into LTPA tertiles I (< 8 MET-h/week), II (8-28 MET-h/week), and III (> 28 MET-h/week) and OPA tertiles I (0 MET-h/week), II (< 64 MET-h/week), and III (≥ 64 MET-h/week). Results There was a significant relationship between LTPA and WAI in OPA tertiles (adjusted for age, alcohol consumption, working class status, BMI, and employment years). Moreover, each LTPA tertile showed significant linear associations with WAI (P < 0.001). Conclusion LTPA is positively associated with work ability among young adult men. More specifically, the relationships between LTPA and WAI were significantly greater in physically demanding jobs than in more passive jobs. Our results indicate the importance of LTPA, particularly with individuals under higher work-related physical strain.
Background Health benefits of physical activity are very well acknowledged but the role of both o... more Background Health benefits of physical activity are very well acknowledged but the role of both occupational physical activity (OPA) and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in recovery after work is not thoroughly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between accelerometer-measured OPA and LTPA and the need for recovery after work (NFR) in early childhood education and care (ECEC) professionals. Methods The study participants were 217 female ECEC professionals aged 17–64. Physical activity was recorded with a three-axis accelerometer (ActiGraph GT9X Link, ActiGraph, USA) for seven consecutive days. Separate analyses were conducted for both OPA and LTPA and reported as hours/day based on different intensity levels (light, moderate, vigorous, very vigorous). The NFR was measured with the Need For Recovery (NFR) scale (0%–100%). Results Participants’ average physical activity for both OPA and LTPA was about 4 h/day, and the mean NFR score was 38.4%....
declare that they have no conflict of interest. Koljonen in designing the training program. We wo... more declare that they have no conflict of interest. Koljonen in designing the training program. We would also like to thank Timo Annala, Milan Sedliak, Leena Hakola and Risto Puurtinen for valuable technical assistance with the data collection and analysis, and all the athletes participating in this study. The study was supported by grants from the Academy of Finland (250683), Ministry of Education and Culture, Peurunka-Medical Rehabilitation Foundation, Ellen and Artturi Nyyssönen Foundation, Juho Vainio Foundation and Finnish Cultural Foundation to MK and HS.
Our aim was to study the effects of sense of coherence (SOC) on training adherence and interindiv... more Our aim was to study the effects of sense of coherence (SOC) on training adherence and interindividual changes in muscle strength, mobility, and balance after resistance training in older people with hip fracture history. These are secondary analyses of a 12-week randomized controlled trial of progressive resistance training in 60- to 85-year-old community-dwelling people 0.5–7 years after hip fracture (n = 45; ISRCTN34271567). Pre- and posttrial assessments included SOC, knee extension strength, walking speed, timed up-and-go (TUG), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Group-by-SOC interaction effects (repeated-measures ANOVA) were statistically significant for TUG (p = .005) and BBS (p = .040), but not for knee extension strength or walking speed. Weaker SOC was associated with poorer training adherence (mixed model; p = .009). Thus, more complicated physical tasks did not improve in those with weaker SOC, independently of training adherence. Older people with weaker SOC may need additional psychosocial support in physical rehabilitation programs to optimize training response.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sep 1, 2008
Objective: To study the effects of resistance training on muscle strength parameters, mobility, a... more Objective: To study the effects of resistance training on muscle strength parameters, mobility, and balance. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Research laboratory and senior gym. Participants: Population-based sample of eligible 60-to 85-year-old community-dwelling men and women 0.5 to 7.0 years after hip fracture. Forty-six people had no contraindications and were willing to participate in the exercise trial. Intervention: Twelve-week intensive progressive strengthpower training (nϭ24), aiming to reduce asymmetric deficit in leg muscle strength and power, or no intervention (nϭ22). Main Outcome Measures: Isometric knee extension torque (KET) and leg extension power (LEP) measured in the weaker and stronger leg and the asymmetric deficit ([weak/sum both legs] ϫ 100%), 10-m walking speed, dynamic balance test, and self-reported outdoor mobility. Results: KET increased in both legs (PϽ.021), LEP tended to increase in the weaker leg (Pϭ.071), and asymmetric LEP deficit decreased (Pϭ.010) after training compared with the control group. LEP of the stronger leg, asymmetric KET deficit, walking speed, and balance performance were not significantly affected by training. Self-reported ability to walk outdoors improved after training. The compliance to the training was over 90%, and few adverse events (nϭ4; mainly musculoskeletal) were likely to be caused by the training. Conclusions: Intensive resistance training is feasible for people with a hip fracture and improved muscle strength and power. More intensive training especially for the weaker leg may be needed to obtain more marked effects on asymmetric deficit, mobility, and balance. Also, the timing and duration of training program should be considered. (ISRCTN identifier ISRCTN34271567.
We compared 7‐month changes in bone structural properties in pre‐ and early‐pubertal girls random... more We compared 7‐month changes in bone structural properties in pre‐ and early‐pubertal girls randomized to exercise intervention (10‐minute, 3 times per week, jumping program) or control groups. Girls were classified as prepubertal (PRE; Tanner breast stage 1; n = 43 for intervention [I] and n = 25 for control [C]) or early‐pubertal (EARLY; Tanner stages 2 and 3; n = 43 for I and n = 63 for C). Mean ± SD age was 10.0 ± 0.6 and 10.5 ± 0.6 for the PRE and EARLY groups, respectively. Proximal femur scans were analyzed using a hip structural analysis (HSA) program to assess bone mineral density (BMD), subperiosteal width, and cross‐sectional area and to estimate cortical thickness, endosteal diameter, and section modulus at the femoral neck (FN), intertrochanter (IT), and femoral shaft (FS) regions. There were no differences between intervention and control groups for baseline height, weight, calcium intake, or physical activity or for change over 7 months (p &gt; 0.05). We used analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to examine group differences in changes of bone structure, adjusting for baseline weight, height change, Tanner breast stage, and physical activity. There were no differences in change for bone structure in the PRE girls. The more mature girls (EARLY) in the intervention group showed significantly greater gains in FN (+2.6%, p = 0.03) and IT (+1.7%, p = 0.02) BMD. Underpinning these changes were increased bone cross‐sectional area and reduced endosteal expansion. Changes in subperiosteal dimensions did not differ. Structural changes improved section modulus (bending strength) at the FN (+4.0%, p = 0.04), but not at the IT region. There were no differences at the primarily cortical FS. These data provide insight into geometric changes that underpin exercise‐associated gain in bone strength in early‐pubertal girls.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Sep 1, 2015
To investigate the effects of exercise on patellar cartilage using T2 relaxation time mapping of ... more To investigate the effects of exercise on patellar cartilage using T2 relaxation time mapping of MRI in postmenopausal women with mild patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis (OA). Eighty postmenopausal women (mean age: 58 y (SD 4.2)) with mild knee osteoarthritis were randomized to either a supervised progressive impact exercise program three times a week for 12 months (n = 40) or to a non-intervention control group (n = 40). The biochemical properties of cartilage were estimated using T2 relaxation time mapping, a parameter sensitive to collagen integrity, collagen orientation and tissue hydration. Leg muscle strength and power, aerobic capacity and self-rated assessment by the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were also measured. Post intervention the full-thickness patellar cartilage T2 values had medium size effect (d= 0.59; 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.97, p=0.018), the change difference was 7% greater in the exercise group compared to the control group. In the deep half of tissue, the significant exercise effect was in medium size (d= 0.56; 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.99, p=0.013), the change difference was 8% greater in the exercise group compared to the controls. Also, significant medium size T2 effects were found in the total lateral segment, lateral deep and lateral superficial zone in favor of the exercise group. Extension force increased by 11% (d=0.63, p=0.006) more and maximal aerobic capacity by 4% (d=0.55, p=0.028) more in the exercise group than controls. No changes in KOOS emerged between the groups. Progressively implemented high-impact and intensive exercise created enough stimuli and had favorable effects both on patellar cartilage quality and physical function in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA.
This is a self-archived version of an original article. This version may differ from the original... more This is a self-archived version of an original article. This version may differ from the original in pagination and typographic details.
It is currently unknown whether knee replacement-associated bone loss is modified by rehabilitati... more It is currently unknown whether knee replacement-associated bone loss is modified by rehabilitation programs. Thus, a sample of 45 (18 men and 25 women) persons with unilateral knee replacement were recruited; age 66 years (sd 6), height 169 cm (sd 8), body mass 83 kg (sd 15), time since operation 10 months (sd 4) to explore the associations between maximal torque/power in knee extension/flexion and femoral midshaft bone traits (Cortical cross-sectional area (CoA, mm 2), cortical volumetric bone mineral density (CoD, mg/mm 3) and bone bending strength index (SSI, mm 3)). Bone traits were calculated from a single computed tomography slice from the femoral mid-shaft. Pain in the operated knee was assessed with the WOMAC questionnaire. Stepwise regression models were built for the operated leg bone traits, with knee extension and flexion torque and power, age, height, body mass, pain score and time since operation as independent variables. CoA was 2.3% (P = 0.015), CoD 1.2% (P b 0.001) and SSI 1.6% (P = 0.235) lower in the operated compared to non-operated leg. The overall proportions of the variation explained by the regression models were 50%, 29% and 55% for CoA, CoD and SSI, respectively. Body mass explained 12% of Coa, 11% of CoD and 11% of SSI (P ≤ 0.003). Maximal knee flexion torque explained 38% of Coa, 7% of CoD and 44% of SSI (p ≤ 0.047). For CoD time since operation also became a significant predictor (11%, P = 0.045). Knee flexion torque of the operated leg was positively associated with bone strength in the operated leg. Thus, successful rehabilitation may diminish bone loss in the operated leg.
ncreased participation in sports has led to more sports injuries. Evidence-based methods to preve... more ncreased participation in sports has led to more sports injuries. Evidence-based methods to prevent sports injuries are needed. A systematic review was conducted of the effects of randomized controlled interventions to prevent sports injuries. A systematic search was performed of various databases and the reference lists of articles and reviews. Two reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed the methodological quality of the included trials. Thirty-two trials (24 931 participants) met the inclusion criteria. We found evidence of the preventive effect of 3 types of injury prevention interventions. In 5 trials including 6 different comparisons (2446 participants), custom-made or prefabricated insoles reduced lower limb injuries compared with no insoles in military recruits (risk reduction Ն50% in 4 comparisons). All 7 studies investigating external joint supports (10 300 participants) showed a tendency to prevent ankle, wrist, or knee injuries (risk reduction Ն50% in 5 studies). All 6 multi-intervention training programs (2809 participants) were effective in preventing sports injuries (risk reduction Ն50% in 5 studies). Various interventions may prevent sports injuries. A decreased risk of sports injuries was associated with the use of insoles, external joint supports, and multi-intervention training programs. More high-quality randomized controlled trials in different sports and populations are needed.
The purpose was to investigate back pain and disability and their relationship to vertebral chang... more The purpose was to investigate back pain and disability and their relationship to vertebral changes in patients with untreated Scheuermann9s. Overall, 136 patients who had attended the outpatient clinics between 1950 and 1990 for Scheuermann9s were contacted, 49 of them (12 females, 37 males) responded. There was no difference in the baseline data between responders and non-responders. From radiographs, th-kyphosis, l-lordosis, and scoliosis were measured. The number of affected vertebrae and the degree of wedging were registered. Anthropometric data, occurrence of back pain, disability scores, and employment status were compared to a representative sample (n=3835) of the normal population. After mean follow-up of 37 (6.5;25.9-53.7) y, their average age was 58.8 (8.2;44.4.-79.3) y. Male patients were significantly taller than the control subjects. Female patients were on average 6 kg heavier (P=0.016) and their mean BMI was higher (23.9 kg/m 2 vs 20.8 kg/m 2 ,P=0.001) at age 20 than...
The Ministry of Education and the National Board of Education was given by the University of Jyva... more The Ministry of Education and the National Board of Education was given by the University of Jyvaskyla Sport and Health Sciences faculty assignment to design a nationwide physical function monitoring system. It is intended to support school health care and, in particular large-scale comprehensive health checks 5th and 8th grades of (Government Decree 380/2009). This monitoring and feedback system is to help primary pupils and their families to understand the physical function links the student's health, daily well-being, endurance and learning. The meter development work in physical function were defined by definition Rissanen (1999), according to which it refers to the body's functional ability to cope with physical exertion implied by the tasks and the objectives set have been used. as a basis for the instrument cluster design working group analyzed the current school capacity everyday needs, such as: 1. the way to school doorway own muscle power (walking or cycling for at...
The age-related decline in muscle function, particularly muscle power, is associated with increas... more The age-related decline in muscle function, particularly muscle power, is associated with increased risk of important clinical outcomes. Physical activity is an important determinant of muscle function, and different types of physical activity e.g. power-based versus endurance-based exercise appear to have differential effects on muscle power. Cross-sectional studies suggest that participation in power-based exercise is associated with greater muscle power across adulthood but this has not been investigated longitudinally. We recruited eighty-nine male and female power and endurance master athletes (sprint and distance runners respectively, baseline age 35–90y). Using jumping mechanography, we measured lower limb muscle function during a vertical jump including at least two testing sessions longitudinally over 4.5 ± 2.4y. We examined effects of time, discipline (power/endurance) and sex in addition to two- and three-way interactions using linear mixed-effects models. Peak relative p...
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 2020
The aging‐related loss of muscle mass is thought to be partly attributable to motor neuron loss a... more The aging‐related loss of muscle mass is thought to be partly attributable to motor neuron loss and motor unit remodeling that result in fiber type grouping. We examined fiber type grouping in 19‐ to 85‐year‐old athletes and non‐athletes and evaluated to which extent any observed grouping is explained by the fiber type composition of the muscle. Since regular physical activity may stimulate reinnervation, we hypothesized that fiber groups are larger in master athletes than in age‐matched non‐athletes. Fiber type grouping was assessed in m. vastus lateralis biopsies from 22 young (19‐27 years) and 35 healthy older (66‐82 years) non‐athletes, and 14 young (20‐29 years), 51 middle‐aged (38‐65 years), and 31 older (66‐85 years) athletes. An “enclosed fiber” was any muscle fiber of a particular type surrounded by fibers of the same type only. A fiber type group was defined as a group of fibers with at least one enclosed fiber. Only type II fiber cross‐sectional area (FCSA) showed an age‐...
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