Background: Outbreaks of dengue fever caused by viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes a... more Background: Outbreaks of dengue fever caused by viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are repeated occurrences in West Africa. In recent years, Burkina Faso has experienced major dengue outbreaks, most notably in 2016 and 2017 when 80% of cases were recorded in Ouagadougou City (Central Health Region). In order to better understand the ecology of this vector and to provide information for use in developing control measures, a study on the characteristics of Aedes container breeding sites and the productivity of such sites, as measured by the abundance of immature stages and resultant adult body size, was undertaken in three health districts (Baskuy, Bogodogo and Nongremassom) of Ouagadougou. Methods: Adult mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors in 643 households during the rainy season from August to October 2018. The presence of water containers was systematically recorded and the containers examined for the presence or absence of larvae. Characteristics of the container breeding sites, including size of the container and temperature, pH and conductivity of the water contained within, were recorded as well as the volume of water. Traditional Stegomyia indices were calculated as quantitative indicators of the risk of dengue outbreaks; generalised mixed models were fitted to larval and pupal densities, and the contribution of each covariate to the model was evaluated by the Z-value and associated P-value. Results: A total of 1061 container breeding sites were inspected, of which 760 contained immature stages of Ae. aegypti ('positive' containers). The most frequent container breeding sites found in each health district were tyres and both medium (buckets/cans/pots) and large (bins/barrels/drums) containers; these containers were also the most productive larval habitats and the types that most frequently tested positive. Of the Stegomyia indices, the Breteau, House and Container indices exceeded WHO dengue risk thresholds. Generalised linear mixed models showed that larval and pupal abundances were associated with container type, physicochemical characteristics of the water and collection month, but there were significant differences among container types and among health districts. Aedes aegypti body size was positively associated with type and diameter of the container, as well as with electrical
Background Outbreaks of dengue fever caused by viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes ar... more Background Outbreaks of dengue fever caused by viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are repeatedly reported in West Africa. Burkina Faso has experienced major dengue outbreaks most notably in 2016 and 2017, with 80% of cases recorded in Ouagadougou (Central health region). In order to better understand the ecology of this vector to provide information for control, a study on the productivity of Aedes breeding sites measured by abundance of immature stages, and resultant adult body size, and breeding site characteristics was undertaken in three Health Districts (Baskuy, Bogodogo, and Nongremassom) of the city of Ouagadougou. Methods Adult mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors in 643 households during the rainy season frommonth-to-month-2018. Water containers were systematically recorded and prospected for larval presence or absence. Breeding container characteristics including size, temperature, pH and conductivity were recorded as well as water volume. Traditional Stegomyia indices were calculated; generalised mixed models were tted to larval and pupal densities, and the contribution of each covariate to the model evaluated by the Z-value and associated P-value. Results A total of 1,061 breeding sites were inspected, of which 760 were positive for Aedes aegypti immature stages. Tires, medium (Buckets/Cans/Pots) and large (Bin/barrel/drums) containers were the most frequent, positive and productive larval habitats in each health district. Of the Stegomyia indices, the Breteau, house and container indices exceeded WHO dengue risk thresholds. Generalised Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) showed that larval and pupal abundances were each associated with container type, physicochemical characteristics and collection month, but with signi cant differences among container types among health districts. Aedes aegypti body size was positively associated with containers type, diameter, electrical conductivity; and negatively associated with pH, temperature, and a containers' level of exposure to sunshine. Conclusion We provide data on putative determinants of Aedes aegypti immature habitat productivity, which are useful to better understand Aedes aegypti proliferation. The results suggest that targeting the most productive containers could contribute to dengue vector control strategies in Burkina Faso.
Background: Since 2000, Burkina Faso has experienced regular dengue cases and outbreaks making de... more Background: Since 2000, Burkina Faso has experienced regular dengue cases and outbreaks making dengue a health concern for the country. Previous studies in Burkina Faso reported the resistance of Aedes aegypti to pyrethroid insecticides associated with F1534C and V1016I kdr mutations. The current study reports high resistance of Ae. aegypti populations to pyrethroid insecticides supported by 410L/1016I/1534C kdr haplotypes; and a new multiplex PCR-based diagnostic of 1534C and 1016I kdr mutations is proposed. Methods: Larvae of Ae. aegypti were collected from three health districts of Ouagadougou in 2018. The resistance status of Ae. aegypti to pyrethroid insecticides was tested using CDC-bottle bioassays, and to malathion using WHO tube tests. Bioassay results were interpreted according to used protocols. Results: Females from each health district were strongly resistant to permethrin and deltamethrin (<20% mortality) but were fully susceptible to 5% malathion. The F1534C and V1016I kdr mutations were successfully detected using a newly-developed multiplex PCR, which was validated by comparison with uorescent probe-based TaqMan assays for each mutation. The V410L kdr mutation was detected using an allele-speci c-PCR, which was con rmed by TaqMan assays, and owing to novelty in local Ae. aegypti populations, also direct DNA sequencing. The 1534C kdr allele was near xation, while V1016I and V410L kdr alleles were strongly correlated with allelic frequencies range from 0.5 to 0.7 across the three-health districts. The 1534C/1016I/410L haplotype was correlated with permethrin resistance (χ 2 1 =33.7; p<0.001) but not with deltamethrin resistance (χ 2 1 =0.03; p=0.86), however, the test power was limited by a low frequency of dead individuals. Conclusions: The trio of kdr mutations (F1534C, V1016I and V410L) may explain the high resistance to pyrethroids, however lack of substantial resistance to malathion suggests that this remains a viable option for dengue vectors control in Ouagadougou. Collaborative Research Program for Tackling the NTDs Challenges in African countries from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, AMED (JP17jm0510002h0003). PJM's research on peri-domestic behavior of Aedes aegypti receives support from MRC-UK (MR/T001267/1). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
The reduction of the losses post-harvest can contribute to the attack of the food self-sufficienc... more The reduction of the losses post-harvest can contribute to the attack of the food self-sufficiency and the backing of the food security in Burkina. It is in this perspective that this survey has been undertaken and consisted to the assessment of the losses postharvest of the pennisetum and sorghum in the townships of Ziniaré in the region of the Central Tray and Komki-Ipala in the region of the Center. This assessment carried at home on the links harvest, drying, transportation of the fields and beating / vannage. Iit had for objective to determine the level of the losses. The rate of the quantitative losses is determined according to the methodology of the FAO. The analysis of the sorghum losses revealed 6,33 % to the harvest, 8,63 % to beating / vannage, 2,2 % to the drying and 0,3 % to the transportation at home, for the two townships. So the losses accumulated of sorghum have been estimated to 17,46 %. The losses postharvest of the pennisetum recorded to the harvest is estimated on average to 6,76 % and 12,53 % to the operations of bombardment / vannage. The heap of the losses of the pennisetum bound to the operations of harvest and bombardment / vannage has been valued to 19,3 %. These results show that the losses post-harvest stays important. The losses of financial incomes by agricultural household are estimated in 55 875 FCFA for sorghum and 42 000 FCFA for the pennisetum. By extrapolation, the quantitative losses of the two cereals considered value themselves to 30 784 tons about for the two regions with an economic value closely 4,336 FCFA billions.
We report the first occurrence in Africa, in Burkina Faso, of an exotic spider mite, Tetranychus ... more We report the first occurrence in Africa, in Burkina Faso, of an exotic spider mite, Tetranychus truncatus, including new host records. Due to morphological variation in the specimens we observed, we used molecular and morphological approaches to obtain a reliable identification of this alien species. Sampling events also disclosed two new spider mite records for Burkina Faso, Eutetranychus orientalis and Tetranychus urticae and several new host plant records.
Les effets à court terme de la restauration de l'environnement sur la diversité et l'abondance de... more Les effets à court terme de la restauration de l'environnement sur la diversité et l'abondance des carabes dans trois écosystèmes de bas-fonds au Burkina Faso [ Short-term effects of environmental restoration on diversity and abundance of Carabids in three lowland ecosystems in Burkina Faso ]
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, Sep 1, 2016
In West Africa, Callosobruchus maculatus is the main pest of stored cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata Wa... more In West Africa, Callosobruchus maculatus is the main pest of stored cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata Walp.). An effective control of this pest depends on a good knowledge of its population growth ability and the diversity of strains in cowpea crop areas. In this study strains from Dakar (Senegal), Niamey (Niger) and five localities of Burkina Faso were collected and compared in similar laboratory conditions. We found that body size and life history traits slightly varied among the strains studied. In general, females from the Dakar strain were smaller and had lower intrinsic rate of natural increase. Specifically the small size of Dakar females seems to have caused a decrease in lifespan and fecundity coupled with an increase of development duration. Such variations may also occurred to a lesser extent among populations from the same country as it was noticed for Burkina strains. These results show that despite the apparent homogeneity of C. maculatus populations in West Africa, morphological and biological diversity exists and should be better understood and integrated for optimal pest control methods.
South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology, Jan 16, 2023
Senegalia macrostachya is a wild legume whose seeds are highly prized by the Burkinabe population... more Senegalia macrostachya is a wild legume whose seeds are highly prized by the Burkinabe population. Unfortunately, they are severely depreciated during storage by the main pest Caryedon furcatus. However, very few studies have looked at the impact of the amount of S. macrostachya seeds on major biological parameters such as egg laying and development of C. furcatus. These data could contribute to better control of this pest. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the quantity of S. macrostachya seeds on the egg laying behaviour of C. furcatus and on the ability of the larvae to weave their cocoons. Pairs of C. furcatus up to 24 hours old were placed separately with Petri dishes containing 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 seeds of S. macrostachya in four replicates per treatment. The seeds were renewed daily until the females died. After egg laying, the seeds were incubated until adult emergence. Our results showed that the rate of egg-bearing seeds increased significantly from 77.60% when the female had 5 seeds to 100% when she had 100 seeds. Similarly, the rate of larvae that were able to weave their cocoons increased significantly with the number of seeds. The variation in the amount of seeds and the number of pairs of C. furcatus has a strong impact on the behaviour and development of C. furcatus. The results suggest the need to control C. furcatus on S. macrostachya especially in case of mass storage for the benefit of the consumers.
African Journal of Agricultural Research, Jan 31, 2023
Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm (FAW), has become a major pest of maize since its appear... more Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm (FAW), has become a major pest of maize since its appearance in Burkina Faso in 2017 requiring appropriate emergency response. A survey was conducted with 161 maize farmers from 9 regions and 48 villages in the Sudano-Sahelian and Sudanese agro-climatic zones, the main maize-growing areas in Burkina Faso to collect their perceptions. For this purpose, a questionnaire designed on the Open Data Kit (ODK) mobile platform was administered to them individually. 96% of the farmers considered FAW the main current biotic constraint to maize cultivation. Most of them (98%) declared they could recognize the pest even though 60% had not received any training on the pest identification. Production losses caused by FAW range from 25 to 50% each year for 91% of the respondents. More farmers (90%) systematically use chemicals, notably Emacot 50WG (Emamectin benzoate 50 g/kg) against the pest. Unfortunately, 96% of users do not take any appropriate personal protective measures, while more than half (59%) have experienced adverse health effects. These results contribute to the implementation of a better FAW control strategy. It is also recommended that an effective national surveillance and early warning system be set up to better manage other such pests.
South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology, Apr 24, 2011
Groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L., Fabaceae, occupies an important place in the diet of people in de... more Groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L., Fabaceae, occupies an important place in the diet of people in developing countries due to its high nutritional value. The worst damage is caused by a species of Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Bruchinae namely Caryedon serratus Ol., whose larvae develop in seeds by eating the cotyledons. The objective of this work was to identify different ecotypes of C. serratus subservient to groundnuts in four countries in West Africa: Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger using the PCRâ€Âsequencing in order to develop strategies for protection, taking into account the environment for producers. We addressed the variability of cytoplasmic genome sequencing directly into a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome gene from 46 individuals of C. serratus sampled in the West Africa sub region. It appears that the variability of this fraction of the genome is quite strong. Several haplotypes were identified in all these countries. Phylogenetic reconstructions by parsimony, maximum likelihood and Neighborâ€Âjoining confirmed the lack of structure of C. serratus according to distance. They also revealed that the same biotype infesting groundnuts in Senegal also infests the whole subâ€Âregion.
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, Mar 9, 2021
We investigated the diversity and the population dynamics of insects attacking seed stocks of Aca... more We investigated the diversity and the population dynamics of insects attacking seed stocks of Acacia macrostachya, an indigenous legume tree whose seeds constitute an important food source for rural and urban populations in Burkina Faso. For this purpose, six thousand four hundred and two seeds were collected from newly harvested dry pods in spontaneous vegetation around the research station of Saria, while 50kg of naturally infested seeds of A. macrostachya were purchased from nearby markets. To assess pest diversity and initial infestation, seeds collected from pods were divided into 3 batches of 2134 seeds, each batch representing a replication. Insect emergence in the laboratory was monitored for 45 days. The population dynamics of the pests was studied by incubating the seeds purchased on the market in 4 batches of 12.5kg each in polypropylene bags, which were kept under laboratory conditions and monitored for 8 months. Insects emerged from the samples included Coleoptera from three (3) families: Bruchidae (the most abundant), Tenebrionidae and Silvanidae, and Hymenoptera from four (4) families: Eulophidae, Pteromalidae, Eupelmidae, Eurytomidae. The initial seed infestation rate of the newly harvested pods was 50.67% with 47.14% caused by Bruchidius silaceus, 2.70% by Caryedon furcatus and 0.83% by Bruchidius sp. The most abundant species observed during the two first months of storage of the seeds obtained from the market was B. silaceus, but it disappeared from the stocks after March. Conversely, Caryedon furcatus populations remained steady and increased in February. Among the secondary pests observed, Oryzaephilus mercator was the most important. The initial seed perforation rate and weight loss were 16% and 2.8%, respectively, and increased to 35% and 7% after eight months of storage. The hymenopteran Eupelmus sp. was the most abundant parasitoid observed in storage. Our study allowed us to assess the diversity of A. macrostachya seed pests and their natural enemies. These results will contribute to a better understanding of their population dynamics and hence provide cues for further studies towards effective control methods.
The massive and inappropriate use of synthetic insecticides is causing significant and increasing... more The massive and inappropriate use of synthetic insecticides is causing significant and increasing environmental disruption. Therefore, developing effective natural mosquitocidal compounds could be an alternative tool for malarial vector control. The present study investigates the larvicidal and adulticidal effect of methanol and acetone extracts of leaves from Lippia chevalieri, Lippia multiflora, Cymbopogon schoenanthus, and Lantana camara against Anopheles arabiensis, to control the most widespread vector transmitting malaria in sub-Saharan. Africa. Extracts were evaluated following WHO modified test procedure against third- to fourth-instar larvae and, non-blood-fed females from 3- to 5-day-old field populations of An. arabiensis under laboratory conditions using WHO larval and CDC bottle bioassays, respectively. Mortality was recorded after 24-h exposure and several compounds were identified in the extracts. The methanolic and acetonic extracts of L. camara were effective agains...
Background: Malaria remains a major public health threat in Burkina Faso. In most sub-Saharan Afr... more Background: Malaria remains a major public health threat in Burkina Faso. In most sub-Saharan African countries, malaria control relies mainly on long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spray (IRS). In Burkina Faso, long-term selection pressure exerted on malaria vectors by insecticide used in agriculture, has been exacerbated by countrywide LLINs distribution campaigns conducted every three years since 2010. The current study investigated insecticide resistance and the mechanisms involved in the malaria vector populations of the Anopheles gambiae complex in urban localities of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Methods: Anopheles gambiae s. l. larvae were collected from three localities of Ouagadougou from July to September 2018, and reared in the laboratory to adults. The susceptibility profile to pyrethroid, carbamate, and organophosphate insecticides was assessed using World Health Organization (WHO) tube assays. PCR was used for mosquito species identification...
Background: Outbreaks of dengue fever caused by viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes a... more Background: Outbreaks of dengue fever caused by viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are repeated occurrences in West Africa. In recent years, Burkina Faso has experienced major dengue outbreaks, most notably in 2016 and 2017 when 80% of cases were recorded in Ouagadougou City (Central Health Region). In order to better understand the ecology of this vector and to provide information for use in developing control measures, a study on the characteristics of Aedes container breeding sites and the productivity of such sites, as measured by the abundance of immature stages and resultant adult body size, was undertaken in three health districts (Baskuy, Bogodogo and Nongremassom) of Ouagadougou. Methods: Adult mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors in 643 households during the rainy season from August to October 2018. The presence of water containers was systematically recorded and the containers examined for the presence or absence of larvae. Characteristics of the container breeding sites, including size of the container and temperature, pH and conductivity of the water contained within, were recorded as well as the volume of water. Traditional Stegomyia indices were calculated as quantitative indicators of the risk of dengue outbreaks; generalised mixed models were fitted to larval and pupal densities, and the contribution of each covariate to the model was evaluated by the Z-value and associated P-value. Results: A total of 1061 container breeding sites were inspected, of which 760 contained immature stages of Ae. aegypti ('positive' containers). The most frequent container breeding sites found in each health district were tyres and both medium (buckets/cans/pots) and large (bins/barrels/drums) containers; these containers were also the most productive larval habitats and the types that most frequently tested positive. Of the Stegomyia indices, the Breteau, House and Container indices exceeded WHO dengue risk thresholds. Generalised linear mixed models showed that larval and pupal abundances were associated with container type, physicochemical characteristics of the water and collection month, but there were significant differences among container types and among health districts. Aedes aegypti body size was positively associated with type and diameter of the container, as well as with electrical
Background Outbreaks of dengue fever caused by viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes ar... more Background Outbreaks of dengue fever caused by viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are repeatedly reported in West Africa. Burkina Faso has experienced major dengue outbreaks most notably in 2016 and 2017, with 80% of cases recorded in Ouagadougou (Central health region). In order to better understand the ecology of this vector to provide information for control, a study on the productivity of Aedes breeding sites measured by abundance of immature stages, and resultant adult body size, and breeding site characteristics was undertaken in three Health Districts (Baskuy, Bogodogo, and Nongremassom) of the city of Ouagadougou. Methods Adult mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors in 643 households during the rainy season frommonth-to-month-2018. Water containers were systematically recorded and prospected for larval presence or absence. Breeding container characteristics including size, temperature, pH and conductivity were recorded as well as water volume. Traditional Stegomyia indices were calculated; generalised mixed models were tted to larval and pupal densities, and the contribution of each covariate to the model evaluated by the Z-value and associated P-value. Results A total of 1,061 breeding sites were inspected, of which 760 were positive for Aedes aegypti immature stages. Tires, medium (Buckets/Cans/Pots) and large (Bin/barrel/drums) containers were the most frequent, positive and productive larval habitats in each health district. Of the Stegomyia indices, the Breteau, house and container indices exceeded WHO dengue risk thresholds. Generalised Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) showed that larval and pupal abundances were each associated with container type, physicochemical characteristics and collection month, but with signi cant differences among container types among health districts. Aedes aegypti body size was positively associated with containers type, diameter, electrical conductivity; and negatively associated with pH, temperature, and a containers' level of exposure to sunshine. Conclusion We provide data on putative determinants of Aedes aegypti immature habitat productivity, which are useful to better understand Aedes aegypti proliferation. The results suggest that targeting the most productive containers could contribute to dengue vector control strategies in Burkina Faso.
Background: Since 2000, Burkina Faso has experienced regular dengue cases and outbreaks making de... more Background: Since 2000, Burkina Faso has experienced regular dengue cases and outbreaks making dengue a health concern for the country. Previous studies in Burkina Faso reported the resistance of Aedes aegypti to pyrethroid insecticides associated with F1534C and V1016I kdr mutations. The current study reports high resistance of Ae. aegypti populations to pyrethroid insecticides supported by 410L/1016I/1534C kdr haplotypes; and a new multiplex PCR-based diagnostic of 1534C and 1016I kdr mutations is proposed. Methods: Larvae of Ae. aegypti were collected from three health districts of Ouagadougou in 2018. The resistance status of Ae. aegypti to pyrethroid insecticides was tested using CDC-bottle bioassays, and to malathion using WHO tube tests. Bioassay results were interpreted according to used protocols. Results: Females from each health district were strongly resistant to permethrin and deltamethrin (<20% mortality) but were fully susceptible to 5% malathion. The F1534C and V1016I kdr mutations were successfully detected using a newly-developed multiplex PCR, which was validated by comparison with uorescent probe-based TaqMan assays for each mutation. The V410L kdr mutation was detected using an allele-speci c-PCR, which was con rmed by TaqMan assays, and owing to novelty in local Ae. aegypti populations, also direct DNA sequencing. The 1534C kdr allele was near xation, while V1016I and V410L kdr alleles were strongly correlated with allelic frequencies range from 0.5 to 0.7 across the three-health districts. The 1534C/1016I/410L haplotype was correlated with permethrin resistance (χ 2 1 =33.7; p<0.001) but not with deltamethrin resistance (χ 2 1 =0.03; p=0.86), however, the test power was limited by a low frequency of dead individuals. Conclusions: The trio of kdr mutations (F1534C, V1016I and V410L) may explain the high resistance to pyrethroids, however lack of substantial resistance to malathion suggests that this remains a viable option for dengue vectors control in Ouagadougou. Collaborative Research Program for Tackling the NTDs Challenges in African countries from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, AMED (JP17jm0510002h0003). PJM's research on peri-domestic behavior of Aedes aegypti receives support from MRC-UK (MR/T001267/1). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
The reduction of the losses post-harvest can contribute to the attack of the food self-sufficienc... more The reduction of the losses post-harvest can contribute to the attack of the food self-sufficiency and the backing of the food security in Burkina. It is in this perspective that this survey has been undertaken and consisted to the assessment of the losses postharvest of the pennisetum and sorghum in the townships of Ziniaré in the region of the Central Tray and Komki-Ipala in the region of the Center. This assessment carried at home on the links harvest, drying, transportation of the fields and beating / vannage. Iit had for objective to determine the level of the losses. The rate of the quantitative losses is determined according to the methodology of the FAO. The analysis of the sorghum losses revealed 6,33 % to the harvest, 8,63 % to beating / vannage, 2,2 % to the drying and 0,3 % to the transportation at home, for the two townships. So the losses accumulated of sorghum have been estimated to 17,46 %. The losses postharvest of the pennisetum recorded to the harvest is estimated on average to 6,76 % and 12,53 % to the operations of bombardment / vannage. The heap of the losses of the pennisetum bound to the operations of harvest and bombardment / vannage has been valued to 19,3 %. These results show that the losses post-harvest stays important. The losses of financial incomes by agricultural household are estimated in 55 875 FCFA for sorghum and 42 000 FCFA for the pennisetum. By extrapolation, the quantitative losses of the two cereals considered value themselves to 30 784 tons about for the two regions with an economic value closely 4,336 FCFA billions.
We report the first occurrence in Africa, in Burkina Faso, of an exotic spider mite, Tetranychus ... more We report the first occurrence in Africa, in Burkina Faso, of an exotic spider mite, Tetranychus truncatus, including new host records. Due to morphological variation in the specimens we observed, we used molecular and morphological approaches to obtain a reliable identification of this alien species. Sampling events also disclosed two new spider mite records for Burkina Faso, Eutetranychus orientalis and Tetranychus urticae and several new host plant records.
Les effets à court terme de la restauration de l'environnement sur la diversité et l'abondance de... more Les effets à court terme de la restauration de l'environnement sur la diversité et l'abondance des carabes dans trois écosystèmes de bas-fonds au Burkina Faso [ Short-term effects of environmental restoration on diversity and abundance of Carabids in three lowland ecosystems in Burkina Faso ]
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, Sep 1, 2016
In West Africa, Callosobruchus maculatus is the main pest of stored cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata Wa... more In West Africa, Callosobruchus maculatus is the main pest of stored cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata Walp.). An effective control of this pest depends on a good knowledge of its population growth ability and the diversity of strains in cowpea crop areas. In this study strains from Dakar (Senegal), Niamey (Niger) and five localities of Burkina Faso were collected and compared in similar laboratory conditions. We found that body size and life history traits slightly varied among the strains studied. In general, females from the Dakar strain were smaller and had lower intrinsic rate of natural increase. Specifically the small size of Dakar females seems to have caused a decrease in lifespan and fecundity coupled with an increase of development duration. Such variations may also occurred to a lesser extent among populations from the same country as it was noticed for Burkina strains. These results show that despite the apparent homogeneity of C. maculatus populations in West Africa, morphological and biological diversity exists and should be better understood and integrated for optimal pest control methods.
South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology, Jan 16, 2023
Senegalia macrostachya is a wild legume whose seeds are highly prized by the Burkinabe population... more Senegalia macrostachya is a wild legume whose seeds are highly prized by the Burkinabe population. Unfortunately, they are severely depreciated during storage by the main pest Caryedon furcatus. However, very few studies have looked at the impact of the amount of S. macrostachya seeds on major biological parameters such as egg laying and development of C. furcatus. These data could contribute to better control of this pest. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the quantity of S. macrostachya seeds on the egg laying behaviour of C. furcatus and on the ability of the larvae to weave their cocoons. Pairs of C. furcatus up to 24 hours old were placed separately with Petri dishes containing 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 seeds of S. macrostachya in four replicates per treatment. The seeds were renewed daily until the females died. After egg laying, the seeds were incubated until adult emergence. Our results showed that the rate of egg-bearing seeds increased significantly from 77.60% when the female had 5 seeds to 100% when she had 100 seeds. Similarly, the rate of larvae that were able to weave their cocoons increased significantly with the number of seeds. The variation in the amount of seeds and the number of pairs of C. furcatus has a strong impact on the behaviour and development of C. furcatus. The results suggest the need to control C. furcatus on S. macrostachya especially in case of mass storage for the benefit of the consumers.
African Journal of Agricultural Research, Jan 31, 2023
Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm (FAW), has become a major pest of maize since its appear... more Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm (FAW), has become a major pest of maize since its appearance in Burkina Faso in 2017 requiring appropriate emergency response. A survey was conducted with 161 maize farmers from 9 regions and 48 villages in the Sudano-Sahelian and Sudanese agro-climatic zones, the main maize-growing areas in Burkina Faso to collect their perceptions. For this purpose, a questionnaire designed on the Open Data Kit (ODK) mobile platform was administered to them individually. 96% of the farmers considered FAW the main current biotic constraint to maize cultivation. Most of them (98%) declared they could recognize the pest even though 60% had not received any training on the pest identification. Production losses caused by FAW range from 25 to 50% each year for 91% of the respondents. More farmers (90%) systematically use chemicals, notably Emacot 50WG (Emamectin benzoate 50 g/kg) against the pest. Unfortunately, 96% of users do not take any appropriate personal protective measures, while more than half (59%) have experienced adverse health effects. These results contribute to the implementation of a better FAW control strategy. It is also recommended that an effective national surveillance and early warning system be set up to better manage other such pests.
South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology, Apr 24, 2011
Groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L., Fabaceae, occupies an important place in the diet of people in de... more Groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L., Fabaceae, occupies an important place in the diet of people in developing countries due to its high nutritional value. The worst damage is caused by a species of Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Bruchinae namely Caryedon serratus Ol., whose larvae develop in seeds by eating the cotyledons. The objective of this work was to identify different ecotypes of C. serratus subservient to groundnuts in four countries in West Africa: Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger using the PCRâ€Âsequencing in order to develop strategies for protection, taking into account the environment for producers. We addressed the variability of cytoplasmic genome sequencing directly into a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome gene from 46 individuals of C. serratus sampled in the West Africa sub region. It appears that the variability of this fraction of the genome is quite strong. Several haplotypes were identified in all these countries. Phylogenetic reconstructions by parsimony, maximum likelihood and Neighborâ€Âjoining confirmed the lack of structure of C. serratus according to distance. They also revealed that the same biotype infesting groundnuts in Senegal also infests the whole subâ€Âregion.
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, Mar 9, 2021
We investigated the diversity and the population dynamics of insects attacking seed stocks of Aca... more We investigated the diversity and the population dynamics of insects attacking seed stocks of Acacia macrostachya, an indigenous legume tree whose seeds constitute an important food source for rural and urban populations in Burkina Faso. For this purpose, six thousand four hundred and two seeds were collected from newly harvested dry pods in spontaneous vegetation around the research station of Saria, while 50kg of naturally infested seeds of A. macrostachya were purchased from nearby markets. To assess pest diversity and initial infestation, seeds collected from pods were divided into 3 batches of 2134 seeds, each batch representing a replication. Insect emergence in the laboratory was monitored for 45 days. The population dynamics of the pests was studied by incubating the seeds purchased on the market in 4 batches of 12.5kg each in polypropylene bags, which were kept under laboratory conditions and monitored for 8 months. Insects emerged from the samples included Coleoptera from three (3) families: Bruchidae (the most abundant), Tenebrionidae and Silvanidae, and Hymenoptera from four (4) families: Eulophidae, Pteromalidae, Eupelmidae, Eurytomidae. The initial seed infestation rate of the newly harvested pods was 50.67% with 47.14% caused by Bruchidius silaceus, 2.70% by Caryedon furcatus and 0.83% by Bruchidius sp. The most abundant species observed during the two first months of storage of the seeds obtained from the market was B. silaceus, but it disappeared from the stocks after March. Conversely, Caryedon furcatus populations remained steady and increased in February. Among the secondary pests observed, Oryzaephilus mercator was the most important. The initial seed perforation rate and weight loss were 16% and 2.8%, respectively, and increased to 35% and 7% after eight months of storage. The hymenopteran Eupelmus sp. was the most abundant parasitoid observed in storage. Our study allowed us to assess the diversity of A. macrostachya seed pests and their natural enemies. These results will contribute to a better understanding of their population dynamics and hence provide cues for further studies towards effective control methods.
The massive and inappropriate use of synthetic insecticides is causing significant and increasing... more The massive and inappropriate use of synthetic insecticides is causing significant and increasing environmental disruption. Therefore, developing effective natural mosquitocidal compounds could be an alternative tool for malarial vector control. The present study investigates the larvicidal and adulticidal effect of methanol and acetone extracts of leaves from Lippia chevalieri, Lippia multiflora, Cymbopogon schoenanthus, and Lantana camara against Anopheles arabiensis, to control the most widespread vector transmitting malaria in sub-Saharan. Africa. Extracts were evaluated following WHO modified test procedure against third- to fourth-instar larvae and, non-blood-fed females from 3- to 5-day-old field populations of An. arabiensis under laboratory conditions using WHO larval and CDC bottle bioassays, respectively. Mortality was recorded after 24-h exposure and several compounds were identified in the extracts. The methanolic and acetonic extracts of L. camara were effective agains...
Background: Malaria remains a major public health threat in Burkina Faso. In most sub-Saharan Afr... more Background: Malaria remains a major public health threat in Burkina Faso. In most sub-Saharan African countries, malaria control relies mainly on long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spray (IRS). In Burkina Faso, long-term selection pressure exerted on malaria vectors by insecticide used in agriculture, has been exacerbated by countrywide LLINs distribution campaigns conducted every three years since 2010. The current study investigated insecticide resistance and the mechanisms involved in the malaria vector populations of the Anopheles gambiae complex in urban localities of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Methods: Anopheles gambiae s. l. larvae were collected from three localities of Ouagadougou from July to September 2018, and reared in the laboratory to adults. The susceptibility profile to pyrethroid, carbamate, and organophosphate insecticides was assessed using World Health Organization (WHO) tube assays. PCR was used for mosquito species identification...
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Papers by Antoine Sanon