Papers by Annette Toivonen
Smart tourism, Apr 10, 2024
The recent emergence of the tourism sector in the New Space industry, that provides commercial al... more The recent emergence of the tourism sector in the New Space industry, that provides commercial alternatives to publicly funded “Old Space” operations, fits within other societal trends enhanced by technological developments. There are several possible forms of space tourism and, within each, a growing number of competing space tourism ventures will emerge over time. However, whilst the New Space tourism industry is to provide a tourist with new travel experiences, international climate reports urge for more sustainable operations in all global industries. Therefore, climate change preventing solutions must be sought to decrease any unnecessary impacts caused by this new adventure sector of tourism from the beginning. As there are different variables to consider in the formation of future New Space tourism operations and strategies, this paper also illustrates a new framework of “Societal ethics in space tourism”, involving concepts attached to New Space tourism sustainability; environmental actions, global space regulations, cyberspace tourism, and Generation Z values.
Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Jun 22, 2020
The current emergence of a new space economy is leading to the exploration of outer space towards... more The current emergence of a new space economy is leading to the exploration of outer space towards unforeseen futures. Space tourism is a new addition to the tourism industry, prompted in large part by adventure-seeking individualism and potentially lucrative private business prospects. However, in light of the current megatrend of environmentalism, different space tourism activities are facing climate changerelated challenges to convince the greater public of their necessity, especially as the high cost involved for suborbital space travel limits it to a niche adventure activity for the wealthy. This article explores the views held by the Finnish populace in relation to space tourism and sustainability through an empirical study. The data are derived from two surveys: the first gathering Finnish public opinion on space tourism's sustainability with the use of principal component analysis; the second utilising a professional Delphi panel for qualitative explanations. The findings, analysed using grounded theory, can be compressed into four dimensions-"virtual travel", "comparative fairness", "technological innovations" and "ecopolitics"through which actions towards sustainability in space tourism might be enhanced in different national planning strategies.
Multilingual Matters eBooks, Dec 31, 2022
Matkailututkimus =, Dec 16, 2022
Matkailututkimus, Dec 18, 2017
This article concentrates on planning and development for future space tourism. It focuses on env... more This article concentrates on planning and development for future space tourism. It focuses on environmentally oriented sustainable ways of operating and introduces a new framework for creating a feasible sustainable future. The framework can be used as a theoretical basis in research that introduces new perspectives into a sustainable future in space tourism. Weak sustainable development planning sets the needs of mankind above all other ecosystems and space tourism appears to fall into a category envisioning optimistically all natural resource problems to have a human-based solution. The oil consumption and intensity of tourist transport are, however, set to increase due to space tourism. This kind of development is at variance with the current sustainable trends and actions practised in the tourism industry. The article discusses the need for sustainability awareness for development in the space tourism sector by pointing out some necessary elements needed for future planning processes.
Highlights of Sustainability
The recent emergence of the tourism sector in the New Space industry, that provides commercial al... more The recent emergence of the tourism sector in the New Space industry, that provides commercial alternatives to publicly funded “Old Space” operations, fits within other societal trends enhanced by technological developments. There are several possible forms of space tourism and, within each, a growing number of competing space tourism ventures will emerge over time. However, whilst the New Space tourism industry is to provide a tourist with new travel experiences, international climate reports urge for more sustainable operations in all global industries. Therefore, climate change preventing solutions must be sought to decrease any unnecessary impacts caused by this new adventure sector of tourism from the beginning. As there are different variables to consider in the formation of future New Space tourism operations and strategies, this paper also illustrates a new framework of “Societal ethics in space tourism”, involving concepts attached to New Space tourism sustainability; envir...
Matkailututkimus
The following piece is based on the lectio praecursoria presented at the defence of the doctoral ... more The following piece is based on the lectio praecursoria presented at the defence of the doctoral dissertation ‘The emergence of New Space: a grounded theory study of enhancing sustainability in space tourism from the view of Finland’, which was publicly defended on 22 April 2022, at Rovaniemi, University of Lapland. The full version of the dissertation can be found at https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-337-311-2
This article concentrates on planning and development for future space tourism. It focuses on env... more This article concentrates on planning and development for future space tourism. It focuses on environmentally oriented sustainable ways of operating and introduces a new framework for creating a feasible sustainable future. The framework can be used as a theoretical basis in research that introduces new perspectives into a sustainable future in space tourism. Weak sustainable development planning sets the needs of mankind above all other ecosystems and space tourism appears to fall into a category envisioning optimistically all natural resource problems to have a human-based solution. The oil consumption and intensity of tourist transport are, however, set to increase due to space tourism. This kind of development is at variance with the current sustainable trends and actions practised in the tourism industry. The article discusses the need for sustainability awareness for development in the space tourism sector by pointing out some necessary elements needed for future planning proc...
Journal of Sustainable Tourism
Journal of Sustainable Tourism
Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2020
The current emergence of a new space economy is leading to the exploration of outer space towards... more The current emergence of a new space economy is leading to the exploration of outer space towards unforeseen futures. Space tourism is a new addition to the tourism industry, prompted in large part by adventure-seeking individualism and potentially lucrative private business prospects. However, in light of the current megatrend of environmentalism, different space tourism activities are facing climate change-related challenges to convince the greater public of their necessity, especially as the high cost involved for suborbital space travel limits it to a niche adventure activity for the wealthy. This article explores the views held by the Finnish populace in relation to space tourism and sustainability through an empirical study. The data are derived from two surveys: the first gathering Finnish public opinion on space tourism’s sustainability with the use of principal component analysis; the second utilising a professional Delphi panel for qualitative explanations. The findings, analysed using grounded theory, can be compressed into four dimensions – “virtual travel”, “comparative fairness”, “technological innovations” and “ecopolitics” – through which actions towards sustainability in space tourism might be enhanced in different national planning strategies.
Keywords: Space tourism, new space economy, sustainable tourism development, virtual travel, Delphi method
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Papers by Annette Toivonen
Keywords: Space tourism, new space economy, sustainable tourism development, virtual travel, Delphi method
Keywords: Space tourism, new space economy, sustainable tourism development, virtual travel, Delphi method