Efforts to develop quantitative measures of support for political violence and related concepts h... more Efforts to develop quantitative measures of support for political violence and related concepts have been increasing in the past. These measures are often treated as roughly interchangeable although, to date, it is unclear whether they are indeed comparable. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to investigate whether and to which extent measures of political violence can be used interchangeably. We conducted an online survey and collected participants' responses on two direct measures of attitudes towards political violence, two indirect measures, and one behavioural measure. Results revealed that direct measures in the form of vignette approaches were able to differentiate between different kinds of political violence, whereas broader direct measures were fuzzier in their outcomes. We further found that indirect and behavioural measures for political violence were difficult to operationalise. The endorsement experiment as an indirect measure appeared most promising in this regard, although it did not correspond perfectly to the results of the direct measures. Disassembling measurements of political violence, we may contribute to improve quantitative research on radicalism, radicalization, and extremism.
Efforts to develop quantitative measures of support for political violence and related concepts h... more Efforts to develop quantitative measures of support for political violence and related concepts have been increasing in the past. These measures are often treated as roughly interchangeable although, to date, it is unclear whether they are indeed comparable. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to investigate whether and to which extent measures of political violence can be used interchangeably. We conducted an online survey and collected participants' responses on two direct measures of attitudes towards political violence, two indirect measures, and one behavioural measure. Results revealed that direct measures in the form of vignette approaches were able to differentiate between different kinds of political violence, whereas broader direct measures were fuzzier in their outcomes. We further found that indirect and behavioural measures for political violence were difficult to operationalise. The endorsement experiment as an indirect measure appeared most promising in this regard, although it did not correspond perfectly to the results of the direct measures. Disassembling measurements of political violence, we may contribute to improve quantitative research on radicalism, radicalization, and extremism.
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Papers by Anna Knorr