Papers by Angeles Manjarrés
Applied sciences, Nov 29, 2023
Springer eBooks, 2000
We discuss the use of the UML to describe “Analysis Patterns” in AI, an area where OAD techniques... more We discuss the use of the UML to describe “Analysis Patterns” in AI, an area where OAD techniques are not widely used, in spite of the fact that some of the inspiration for the object approach can be traced to developments in this area. We study the relation between the notion of analysis pattern in the context of OO software development methods, and that of Generic Task in AI software development methods such as CommonKADS. Our interest is motivated by the belief that in the analysis and design of certain AI applications, particularly in Distributed AI, OO style patterns may be more appropriate than Generic Tasks. To illustrate the relation between these concepts, we provide a UML description of the heuristic multiattribute decision pattern, a corresponding Generic Task having already been proposed in the literature. We illustrate the wide applicability of this pattern by specialising it to obtain a therapy decision pattern. We discuss the suitability of the UML, together with OCL, for describing this and other analysis patterns arising in AI.
Recommender Systems have been developed for years to guide the interaction of the users with syst... more Recommender Systems have been developed for years to guide the interaction of the users with systems in very diverse domains where information overload exists aimed to help humans in decision making. In order to better support the humans, the more the system knows about the user, the more useful recommendations the user can receive. In this sense, there is a need to explore which are the intrinsic human aspects that should be taken into account in each case when building the user models that provide the personalization. Moreover, there is a need to define and apply methodologies, guidelines and frameworks to develop this kind of systems in order to tackle the challenges of current artificial intelligence applications including issues such as ethics, transparency, explainability and sustainability. For our research, we have chosen the psychomotor domain. To provide some insights into this problem, in this paper we present the research directions we are exploring to apply a human-centric approach when developing the iBAID (intelligent Basket AID) psychomotor system, which aims to recommend the physical activities and movements to perform when training in basketball, either to improve the technique, to recover from an injury or even to keep active when getting older.
Expert Systems, Jul 1, 2002
We report on work concerning the use of object-oriented analysis and design (OAD) methods in the ... more We report on work concerning the use of object-oriented analysis and design (OAD) methods in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) software applications, in which we compare such techniques to software development methods more commonly used in AI, in particular CommonKADS. As a contribution to clarifying the role of OAD methods in AI, in this paper we compare the analysis models of the object-oriented methods and the CommonKADS high-level expertise model. In particular, we study the correspondences between generic tasks, methods and ontologies in methodologies such as CommonKADS and analysis patterns in object-oriented analysis. Our aim in carrying out this study is to explore to what extent, in areas of AI where the object-oriented paradigm may be the most adequate way of conceiving applications, an analysis level 'pattern language' could play the role of the libraries of generic knowledge models in the more commonly used AI software development methods. As a case study we use the decision task-its importance arising from its status as the basic task of the intelligent agent-and the associated heuristic multi-attribute decision method, for which we derive a corresponding
ABSTRACT In this paper we introduce the MAMIPEC project. The aim of this project is to explore th... more ABSTRACT In this paper we introduce the MAMIPEC project. The aim of this project is to explore the application of affective computing to accessible and personalized learning systems. To this end, we consider a user context which includes appliances and devices to enrich user interaction. We describe the research objectives and present on-going work towards understanding the affective support needed in educational scenarios.
Springer eBooks, 2003
A criticism that could be made of the most commonly-used AI development methodologies, in particu... more A criticism that could be made of the most commonly-used AI development methodologies, in particular that based on the widely-known KADS-CommonKADS expertise model, is the unsuitability of the available techniques for specifying and reusing knowledge-model patterns. In this article, we investigate the alternative of formulating knowledge model patterns as OO analysis patterns. We seek to take advantage of research on design pattern specification, aimed at modelling patterns by means of structural and behavioural “metalevel” constraints. We illustrate our argument with the formulation of an OO “assessment pattern”.
IEEE Access
Educational Recommender Systems (ERSs), intelligent tutoring systems that adapt their pedagogical... more Educational Recommender Systems (ERSs), intelligent tutoring systems that adapt their pedagogical recommendations to each student, are becoming increasingly common. Context-Sensitive Affective Educational Recommender Systems (CSAERSs) personalize the recommendations according to a learning context with multiple dimensions, including the affective dimension and the personality traits of the user. To date, in the field of educational technology, there is little or no research that focuses on offering context-sensitive, personalized, psycho-pedagogical affective support to distance-learning students in real time. Nor do there seem to be any proposals for approaches to the knowledge engineering (term which encompasses knowledge acquisition and knowledge representation) of these systems, in which the relation between the user and his or her context is crucial. There is little work on a systematic approach to the requirements-elicitation phase and to the use of ontologies in the development and validation of ERSs, in general, and CSAERSs, in particular. In this article, we report on a student-centred requirements-elicitation methodology that uses psycho-pedagogical theatre in combination with student surveys. We then illustrate its application in the design and validation of an ontology, together with a semantic-similarity function, that could serve as the nucleus of a CSAERS.
Adjunct Proceedings of the 31st ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization
Recommender Systems have been developed for years to guide the interaction of the users with syst... more Recommender Systems have been developed for years to guide the interaction of the users with systems in very diverse domains where information overload exists aimed to help humans in decision making. In order to better support the humans, the more the system knows about the user, the more useful recommendations the user can receive. In this sense, there is a need to explore which are the intrinsic human aspects that should be taken into account in each case when building the user models that provide the personalization. Moreover, there is a need to define and apply methodologies, guidelines and frameworks to develop this kind of systems in order to tackle the challenges of current artificial intelligence applications including issues such as ethics, transparency, explainability and sustainability. For our research, we have chosen the psychomotor domain. To provide some insights into this problem, in this paper we present the research directions we are exploring to apply a human-centric approach when developing the iBAID (intelligent Basket AID) psychomotor system, which aims to recommend the physical activities and movements to perform when training in basketball, either to improve the technique, to recover from an injury or even to keep active when getting older.
"In this short article, we argue that the SDGs should figure more prominently in marking out... more "In this short article, we argue that the SDGs should figure more prominently in marking out the route to realising the potential of A/IS, while at the same time recognizing the need for a critical appraisal. We discuss how increasing awareness of an interdisciplinary research field "A/IS for development" (A/IS4D) could contribute to achieving this, where by this term, we refer to a field that deals with the distinctive challenges posed by A/IS technologies, particularly for more vulnerable and marginalized populations, while integrating a development studies, human-rights centered perspective. We contend that such a perspective, and more specifically, the measuring of impact in terms of appropriate SDGs, is critical to avoiding possible adverse effects arising from the introduction of such a disruptive technology without sufficient reflection, a real and present danger given the current techno-optimist zeitgeist and the enormous power of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) corporate sector. Unfortunately, the academic research literature of this field, like that of the more general and well-established ICT4D field, remains marginal, with contributions having little representation in high-impact conferences and journals. This short article constitutes a modest attempt to contribute to the dissemination of this important topic among researchers and professionals in the A/IS sector, in the way of a call for action. "
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 2021
We propose a semi-automatic method for the generation of educational-competency maps from reposit... more We propose a semi-automatic method for the generation of educational-competency maps from repositories of multiple-choice question responses, using Bayesian structural learning and data-mining techniques. We tested our method on a large repository of responses to multiple-choice exam questions from an undergraduate course in Languages and Automata Theory at Spain’s national distance-learning university (UNED). We also draw up guidelines and best practices, with a view to defining an educational data-mining methodology and to contributing to the development of educational data-mining tools.
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 2021
<bold>The United Nations</bold> (UN) 2030 Agenda and other movements toward setting g... more <bold>The United Nations</bold> (UN) 2030 Agenda and other movements toward setting global goals such as the Paris Agreement and the European Green Deal/U.S. Green New Deal are laying the groundwork for a transformation beyond purely market-based economics toward sustainability and inclusiveness <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">[1]</xref>, in which technological innovation and, in particular, artificial intelligence (AI) can play a central role. The European Union (EU) is committed to the 2030 Agenda and the sustainable development goals (SDGs), which the UN itself has recognized cannot be achieved without a people-focused, science-based, digital revolution <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">[2]</xref>. This commitment to the 2030 Agenda should entail promoting an inclusive and sustainable AI strategy, rather than a strategy with a narrow focus on competitiveness <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">[3]</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">[4]</xref>. In order for AI to contribute to achieving the SDGs, a systemic approach to the development of AI solutions is required <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref5">[5]</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref6"/><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref7"/><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref8"/><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref9">[9]</xref>. Conversely, the SDGs provide an ideal framework to test the desirability of AI solutions <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref10">[10]</xref>. Europe’s multicultural character and its framework of international collaboration give it a head start toward becoming a global reference in the promotion of an inclusive and sustainable AI. Sharing the experiences and practices of such a European AI could make a significant contribution to achieving the SDGs.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2000
We discuss the use of the UML to describe “Analysis Patterns” in AI, an area where OAD techniques... more We discuss the use of the UML to describe “Analysis Patterns” in AI, an area where OAD techniques are not widely used, in spite of the fact that some of the inspiration for the object approach can be traced to developments in this area. We study the relation between the notion of analysis pattern in the context of OO software development methods, and that of Generic Task in AI software development methods such as CommonKADS. Our interest is motivated by the belief that in the analysis and design of certain AI applications, particularly in Distributed AI, OO style patterns may be more appropriate than Generic Tasks. To illustrate the relation between these concepts, we provide a UML description of the heuristic multiattribute decision pattern, a corresponding Generic Task having already been proposed in the literature. We illustrate the wide applicability of this pattern by specialising it to obtain a therapy decision pattern. We discuss the suitability of the UML, together with OCL, for describing this and other analysis patterns arising in AI.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2003
... as structural aspects of OO models and should therefore be included in the structural represe... more ... as structural aspects of OO models and should therefore be included in the structural representation of the pattern, making use of ... International Conference on Knowledge Based Systems and Applied Artificial In-telligence: Research and Development in Intelligent Systems ...
Enlace Revista Venezolana De Informacion Tecnologia Y Conocimiento, 2011
In this article, we investigate the use of the OO computational paradigm for the formulation of k... more In this article, we investigate the use of the OO computational paradigm for the formulation of knowledge model patterns as OO analysis patterns. We seek to take advantage of research on design pattern specification, aimed at modelling patterns by means of structural and behavioural "meta-level" constraints, introducing appropriate modifications into the UML. We illustrate our argument with the formulation of an OO "assessment pattern" in analogy to the well known "assessment task template".
En este artículo presentamos las potenciales contribuciones de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) a ... more En este artículo presentamos las potenciales contribuciones de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) a un desarrollo sostenible y equitativo, respetuoso con los derechos humanos, frente a sus potenciales riesgos. Argumentamos cómo un enfoque particular de la I+D, y por ende de la educación de los futuros profesionales, podría conferir a esta tecnología un papel decisivo en la consecución de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de Naciones Unidas. En particular, proponemos la metodología del Aprendizaje-Servicio como instrumento pedagógico para la educación de ingenieros de la tecnología inteligente comprometidos con la Agenda 2030. Ilustramos también nuestra experiencia de Aprendizaje-Servicio virtual en el contexto de un proyecto de innovación docente impulsado por el grupo COETIC ("Innovación docente para el desarrollo de competencias éticas y cívicas, y metodologías comunitarias en educación superior") de la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia de España (UNED). En...
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine
<bold>The last few</bold> years have seen a large number of initiatives on artificial... more <bold>The last few</bold> years have seen a large number of initiatives on artificial intelligence (AI) ethics: intergovernmental-institution initiatives such as “Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI” from the high-level expert group on AI of the European Commission <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">[1]</xref> or the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Council Recommendation on Artificial Intelligence <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">[2]</xref>, government initiatives such as that of the U.K. Parliament Select Committee on Artificial Intelligence <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">[3]</xref>, industry initiatives on AI ethical codes such as those of Google, IBM, Microsoft, and Intel, academic initiatives such as the Montreal declaration for the responsible development of AI <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">[4]</xref>, the Stanford University 100 Year Study on AI <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref5">[5]</xref> or the Alan Turing Institute’s “Understanding Artificial Intelligence Ethics and Safety” <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref6">[6]</xref>, and finally professional body initiatives such as the IEEE Global Initiative on Ethics of Autonomous/Intelligent Systems (A/IS) <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref7">[7]</xref>. These initiatives, while acknowledging the potential of A/IS technologies to contribute to global socioeconomic solutions, highlight the increasing challenges posed by these technologies in the ethical, moral, legal, humanitarian, and sociopolitical domains.
International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems
In this paper, we report on the research results concerning the potential of e-learning for globa... more In this paper, we report on the research results concerning the potential of e-learning for global and integral education in the EEES context, based on experience with the "Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications for human and sustainable development" module, part of the "Advanced AI" international master of the Spanish distance-learning university (UNED). This multi-disciplinary module has been designed with the aim of giving the students ─ future AI technology developers and researchers ─ a wide and humanistic perspective on their specialisation area by addressing its global context: philosophical, anthropological, ethical and socio-political. In this way, the students acquire a deeper knowledge of the subjects they study in other modules of the master, a knowledge that resonates in other dimensions of their personal development path. The final objective is to educate the students for an ethical exercise of their profession in coherence with a human and susta...
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Papers by Angeles Manjarrés