Antibiotics have been used to maintain the overall health of poultry by increasing production eff... more Antibiotics have been used to maintain the overall health of poultry by increasing production efficiency, promoting growth, and improving intestinal function for more than 50 years. However, they have a number of side effects, such as antibiotic resistance, gut dysbiosis, destruction of beneficial bacteria, and the potential to spread diseases to humans. In order to address the aforementioned issues, a lot of effort is put into the development of antibiotic alternatives. One of them is the use of probiotics that can be added to the feed in order to increase poultry performance and avoid the aforementioned problems. Probiotics are live microorganisms consumed as feed additives or supplements. They function in the poultry gastrointestinal tract to benefit the host. Probiotics improve growth performance, bone health, meat and eggshell quality. The addition of probiotics to the diet also positively affects the immune response, intestinal microflora, and disease resistance. Careful selec...
Myostatin is considered to be one of the most powerful negative regulators of muscle growth. The ... more Myostatin is considered to be one of the most powerful negative regulators of muscle growth. The lack of a functional myostatin or its mutation can result in uncommon musculature like “double-muscling” in Belgian Blue cattle. Recent studies on MSTN variability indicate its relationship with racing performance in dogs and racehorses. Considering the high homology of MSTN among the vertebrates, there are grounds to suppose that the same correlation will occur in pigeons. The aim of this study was to analyse MSTN variability in several pigeon breeds raised for different purposes The PCR-RFLP method was used for genotyping the C → T silent substitution in exon 3 of the MSTN gene. A total of 376 domestic pigeons (Columba livia var. domestica) were genotyped. The differences in genotype frequencies (P < 0.01) and allele frequencies (P < 0.01), between the studied groups were observed. Minor allele (MSTNT) frequency was the highest in the group of utility pigeons (0.291), which are c...
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Th e relationships between the SNPs of the cytochrome P450 gene (CYP19/PvuII), steroid 21-hydroxy... more Th e relationships between the SNPs of the cytochrome P450 gene (CYP19/PvuII), steroid 21-hydroxylase (P450c21) gene (CYP21/HpaII), 2 polymorphic sites of estrogen receptor alpha gene (ER1/BglI and ER1/SnaBI), and milk production traits of Black-and-White cattle were analyzed. A total of 472 cows were included in the study and genotyped using PCR-RFLP. Th e frequencies of alleles for the Black-and-White cows were as follows: 0.923-CYP19 A , 0.077-CYP19 B , 0.042-ER1/BglI A , and 0.958 for ER1/BglI G. For ER1/SnaBI, the frequency of allele A was 0.960 and that of allele G was 0.040. In the CYP21, all cows were genotyped as AA (no polymorphism). Th ere were no associations between CYP19/PvuII, CYP21/HpaII, ER1/BglI, ER1/SnaBI polymorphisms, and milk production traits of the investigated cows.
Journal of Traditional Medicine & Clinical Naturopathy, 2017
Cordyceps militaris hot water extract (CMHW) containing cordycepin (cordycepin-CMHW) was used to ... more Cordyceps militaris hot water extract (CMHW) containing cordycepin (cordycepin-CMHW) was used to study the anti-cancer effects in human A549 non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. Our results showed cordycepin-CMHW can inhibit cell proliferations in A549 cells by activating A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) via the inactivation of Akt pathways. Cordycepin-CMHW can also induce apoptosis in the A549 cells by enhancing DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation. We further observed that cordycepin-CMHW up-regulated caspase-9 and increased cleavage of caspase-3 and poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) in A549 cells. The results suggested cordycepin-CMHW is a highly selective treatment to de-regulation of the cell proliferation and apoptosis in non-small cell lung carcinoma via signaling pathways generated by A3AR activation.
Intestinal microflora plays a critical role in the process of nutrient digestion and immunomodula... more Intestinal microflora plays a critical role in the process of nutrient digestion and immunomodulation. Normal gut microbiota is responsible for resistance to colonization by exogenous pathogenic microorganisms. Pathogen invasion alters the intestinal microbiota composition and causes intestinal disorder in domestic animals. Moreover, stress, infection, or dysbiosis during the feeding period also results in an imbalanced gut microbiota, which also leads to postweaning diarrhea of piglets and necrotic enteritis of chickens. It has been demonstrated that B. licheniformis and B. subtilis has antimicrobial activity against pathogens through the production of antibacterial cyclic lipopeptide surfactin. Therefore, in the present review a series research works on the Bacillus based-fermented products efficacy and validation by alleviating the diarrhea incidence, enteritis, coccidiosis, modified gut microbiota, and decrease postpartum dysgalactia syndrome in pigs and chickens.
Young's modulus (E) is a measure for stiffness of a material and a higher E means a higher st... more Young's modulus (E) is a measure for stiffness of a material and a higher E means a higher stiffness. The respective polymorphism of the feather corneous beta-protein gene causes the replacement of glycine by cysteine. We looked for possible effects of the three FCBP genotypes on E in the 10th primaries of racing pigeons. However, we did not find a statistically significant difference of E between the genotypes, even within the sexes and/or within different locations under our test conditions. Our findings do not preclude the possibility that under other conditions (temperature, moisture) an influence of the glycine/cysteine polymorphism on E may exist. Compared to the more proximal locations of the rachis (base and middle) we observed lower values for E in the distal region (tip). The 10th primary constitutes the leading edge of the pigeon wing and this special function may require higher stiffness in the proximal parts of the shaft. We observed significantly higher values of E...
Associations between two polymorphic sites of the GH gene and production traits of Limousine catt... more Associations between two polymorphic sites of the GH gene and production traits of Limousine cattle were analysed. A tolal of 130 calves were included in the study. The PCR-RFLP method was used. The frequencies of genotypes and alleles were as follows: 0.469 LL genotype, 0.408 - LV, 0.123 VV, and 0.673 - GHL, 0.327 -GHV for GH-Alul polymorphism and 0.723 - AA genotype, 0.277 - AB, and 0.862 - GHA, 0.138 - GHB for GH-MboH polymorphism. Associations between polymorphism of the growth hormone gene and utility characteristics of calves were observed.
The aim of this study was to examine if there was a gene flow between different breeds and forms ... more The aim of this study was to examine if there was a gene flow between different breeds and forms of domestic pigeon. Seven pigeon microsatellite markers were used to examine the genetic variability and relationships among eight pure breeds and urban form of domestic pigeon. In total, 7 microsatellite loci were genotyped in 364 individuals giving a total of 122 alleles. This study is the first to report microsatellite analysis in Wroclaw Meat pigeons. The inbreeding coefficient showed a departure from random mating, which is expected for a breeding flock and the artificial selection of breeding pairs. Interestingly, the German Nun breed showed a mixed genetic heritage derived from the Fantails, Kassel Tumblers and Vienna highflier breeds. Urban pigeons appeared to form a separate population with completely different features than the rest of those analysed and should probably be considered as a crossbreed population.In conclusion all breeds and diverse morphological forms of Columbal...
The primary aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) g... more The primary aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) gene polymorphism (c.*523 T>C) and fattening and pork quality traits. Investigations were carried out on 526 pigs represented by three breeds: Polish Landrace (n=269), Polish Large White (n=189) and Puławska (n=68). ACLY genotypes were determined by PCR–RFLP method. It was demonstrated that the analyzed polymorphism had significant influence (P<0.05 and P≤0.01) on several economically important traits in pigs, e.g. average daily gain, average backfat thickness, lean meat percentage. The results obtained allow for application of c.*523 T>C polymorphism in breeding programs to improve the pig population in terms of fattening and slaughter traits. However, this breeding program may have a slight negative effect on meat texture parameters.
Thyroid hormone-inducible hepatic protein is involved in the de novo synthesis of fatty acids in ... more Thyroid hormone-inducible hepatic protein is involved in the de novo synthesis of fatty acids in the lactating mammary gland. Different variants of the gene that encodes this protein may be associated with its different activity. The primary aim of this study was to find polymorphism in the THRSP gene and estimate the relationship between individual genotypes and fatty acid composition in milk. Investigations were carried out on 224 cows represented by two breeds—Jersey (n = 80) and Polish Holstein-Friesian (n = 144). Polymorphism in THRSP was detected by Sanger sequencing; however, genotypes were determined by the PCR-RFLP method. It was shown that the analyzed variant had a significant (p < 0.05) influence on palmitic and stearic fatty acids as well as on fatty acids with a chain length of 14, 16, and 6–16 in Jersey breed and on caproic, palmitic, myristoleic, and palmitoleic fatty acids in H-F. Obtained results indicated that analyzed SNP in bovine THRSP gene (rs42714482) may ...
This study investigated the effects of fermented products produced by Bacillus licheniformis (fer... more This study investigated the effects of fermented products produced by Bacillus licheniformis (fermented products) on the growth performance and cecal microbial community in broilers exposed to coccidial challenge. A total of 108 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to one of three treatments. Each treatment was distributed into six replicate cages with six birds each. The treatments consisted of a basal diet without treatment (NC), basal diet plus coccidial challenge (PC), and basal diet plus the coccidial challenge and 1 g/kg of fermented products (FP). The results indicated that FP increased the average daily gain of broilers at 21 to 35 days of age compared with the PC group (p < 0.05). The anti-coccidia index in the FP group was elevated compared with the PC group (p < 0.05). Principal coordinate analysis showed significant segregation in bacterial community composition in the cecal digesta among the groups. The genus Lactobacillus was more abu...
The genetic basis of aggressive behaviour has been examined extensively, including analysis of ge... more The genetic basis of aggressive behaviour has been examined extensively, including analysis of genes encoding neurotransmitters, signalling molecules and regulatory enzymes, as well as their synthesis and degradation. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase, an enzyme catalysing the conversion of dopamine into norepinephrine in synaptic endings, significantly affects the modulation of emotional states and behaviour. The aim of this study was to determine the association of C789A polymorphism in the canine dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene (DBH) and aggressive behaviour in dogs. A total of 110 dogs of different breeds were analysed. All animals were classified according to their individual behavioural characteristics, defined by a veterinary interview and observation. Polymorphism was analysed using ACRS-PCR (amplification created restriction site-polymerase chain reaction) method. Significant differences in DBH genotypes and allele frequency between aggressive and non-aggressive dogs were observed (...
Cryptochromes (CRY) are the family of proteins proposed as the putative magnetoreceptor molecules... more Cryptochromes (CRY) are the family of proteins proposed as the putative magnetoreceptor molecules. In birds, among others in pigeons, CRY1 is widely expressed in a retina. Homing pigeons are known for their navigational abilities, and pigeon racing is a popular sport. So, the purpose of this study was to analyze the variability of the nucleotide sequence of the homing pigeon CRY1 gene, spanning the region coding the two amino acids W320 and W374 of Trp-triad, and estimate the relationship between genotypes and the racing performance. Investigations were carried out on 129 pigeons. Analysis of sequencing results indicated the AG to TT change within the seventh intron of CRY1 gene. Genotypes were determined by the forced PCR-RFLP method. The influence of detected polymorphism on the results of racing pigeons in 100–400 km flights was shown. The AG/TT individuals achieved significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) mean values of ace points (AP) than the AG/AG ones. Regarding the detected nucleoti...
Necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens has reemerged as a severe poultry disease wo... more Necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens has reemerged as a severe poultry disease worldwide since the ban on the routine use of antibiotics in animal feed. Probiotics are considered alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. Bacillus species are the most common microorganisms used as probiotics in the feed industry. The current study investigated the growth and surfactin levels of Bacillus licheniformis in solid-state fermentation using different substrates and evaluated the effects of B. licheniformis-fermented products on growth performance and intestinal morphology in broilers exposed to C. perfringens. The highest viable biomass and surfactin concentration of B. licheniformis-fermented products was observed at 2% molasses and 20% soybean meal supplementation during fermentation (P＜0.05). B. licheniformis-fermented product-derived surfactin inhibited the growth of C. perfringens in vitro in a dose dependent manner (P＜0.05). B. licheniformis-fermented product supplementation (2 g/kg) significantly improved the body weight and average daily gain weight of broilers challenged with C. perfringens (P＜ 0.05). B. licheniformis-fermented products significantly alleviated necrotic lesions and ameliorated intestinal morphology in broilers exposed to C. perfringens (P＜0.05). Collectively, these observations demonstrate that B. licheniformisfermented products improve growth performance and gut morphology in broilers under C. perfringens challenge. B. licheniformis-fermented products may have the potential to be used as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters for preventive treatments against C. perfringens in broilers.
Swine dysentery and necrotic enteritis are a bane to animal husbandry worldwide. Some countries h... more Swine dysentery and necrotic enteritis are a bane to animal husbandry worldwide. Some countries have already banned the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal production. Surfactin is a potential alternative to antibiotics and antibacterial agents. However, the antibacterial activity of Bacillus species-derived surfactin on Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Clostridium perfringens are still poorly understood. In the current study, the antibacterial effects of surfactin produced from Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis on B. hyodysenteriae and C. perfringens were evaluated. Results showed that multiple surfactin isoforms were detected in B. subtilis, while only one surfactin isoform was detected in B. licheniformis fermented products. The surfactin produced from B. subtilis exhibited significant antibacterial activity against B. hyodysenteriae compared with surfactin produced from B. licheniformis. B. subtilis-derived surfactin could inhibit bacterial growth and disru...
Two new PCR-RFLPs in the domestic pigeon (Columba livia var. domestica) lactate dehydrogenase A (... more Two new PCR-RFLPs in the domestic pigeon (Columba livia var. domestica) lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) gene (Brief report) (Zwei neue PCR-RFLPs des Laktat-Dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) Gens bei der domestizierten Taube (Columba livia var. domestica))
Associations between polymorphism localised in the six exon of PIT1 gene (PIT1-HinfI) and milk pr... more Associations between polymorphism localised in the six exon of PIT1 gene (PIT1-HinfI) and milk production traits of Black-and-White cattle were analysed. A total of 900 cows were included in the study. PCR-RFLP method was used. The frequencies of the genotypes and alleles were as follows: 0.054 for AA, 0.377 for AB and 0.569 for BB, and 0.243 for PIT1 A and 0.757-PIT1 B. There were no associations between PIT1-HinfI polymorphism and milk production traits of the cows.
Prophylactic use of antibiotics in-feed has been effective in decreasing the incidence of diarrhe... more Prophylactic use of antibiotics in-feed has been effective in decreasing the incidence of diarrhea in weaning piglets. However, the overuse of antibiotics as prophylactic or therapeutic agents in animal feed leads to the evolution of drug-resistant bacteria and antibiotic residues in pigs. This study investigated the effects of Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products on diarrhea incidence and the fecal microbial community in weaning piglets. A total of 120 crossbred piglets with an average initial body weight of 9.87 ± 1.43 kg were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments consisting of three replicate stalls with 10 piglets in each. The dietary treatments comprised a basal diet as control, control plus 1 g/kg or 4.5 g/kg of B. licheniformis-fermented products, and control plus 30 mg/kg antibiotics (bacitracin methylene disalicylate). Results showed that 4.5 g/kg of B. licheniformis-fermented product supplementation significantly reduced diarrhea incidence in weaning piglets. P...
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a role in a wide variety of physiological processes. The... more Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a role in a wide variety of physiological processes. They are produced by a series of desaturation and elongation reactions.-6-desaturase is a membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) to stearidonic acid (18:4n-3) and γ-linolenic acid (18:3n-6). It is encoded by the FADS2 gene located on bovine chromosome 29. The aim of this study was to identify a single nucleotide polymorphism in the FADS2 gene and to determine possible associations with milk fatty acid composition in two breeds of dairy cattle, i.e., Jersey and Polish Holstein-Friesian. Direct DNA sequencing revealed the presence of an A-to-G substitution in intron 3 of the FADS2 gene (rs209202414). Both populations were genotyped with an appropriate PCR-RFLP assay. The following genotype distributions were observed: for Jerseys, AA = 0.24, AG = 0.63, and GG = 0.13; for Polish Holstein-Friesians, AA = 0.17, AG = 0.40, and GG = 0.43. In Jerseys, statistically significant relationships were found between the FASD2 genotypes and the following milk fatty acids: lauric (P = 0.0486), behenic (P = 0.0199), lignoceric (P = 0.0209), oleic (P = 0.0386), eicosatrienoic (P = 0.0113), and docosadienoic (P = 0.0181). In Polish Holstein-Friesian cows, significant associations were observed for erucic (P = 0.0460) and docosahexaenoic (P = 0.0469) acids. The study indicated the A-to-G substitution (rs209202414) in the bovine FADS2 gene as a potential genetic marker for fatty acid composition in cattle milk.
Antibiotics have been used to maintain the overall health of poultry by increasing production eff... more Antibiotics have been used to maintain the overall health of poultry by increasing production efficiency, promoting growth, and improving intestinal function for more than 50 years. However, they have a number of side effects, such as antibiotic resistance, gut dysbiosis, destruction of beneficial bacteria, and the potential to spread diseases to humans. In order to address the aforementioned issues, a lot of effort is put into the development of antibiotic alternatives. One of them is the use of probiotics that can be added to the feed in order to increase poultry performance and avoid the aforementioned problems. Probiotics are live microorganisms consumed as feed additives or supplements. They function in the poultry gastrointestinal tract to benefit the host. Probiotics improve growth performance, bone health, meat and eggshell quality. The addition of probiotics to the diet also positively affects the immune response, intestinal microflora, and disease resistance. Careful selec...
Myostatin is considered to be one of the most powerful negative regulators of muscle growth. The ... more Myostatin is considered to be one of the most powerful negative regulators of muscle growth. The lack of a functional myostatin or its mutation can result in uncommon musculature like “double-muscling” in Belgian Blue cattle. Recent studies on MSTN variability indicate its relationship with racing performance in dogs and racehorses. Considering the high homology of MSTN among the vertebrates, there are grounds to suppose that the same correlation will occur in pigeons. The aim of this study was to analyse MSTN variability in several pigeon breeds raised for different purposes The PCR-RFLP method was used for genotyping the C → T silent substitution in exon 3 of the MSTN gene. A total of 376 domestic pigeons (Columba livia var. domestica) were genotyped. The differences in genotype frequencies (P < 0.01) and allele frequencies (P < 0.01), between the studied groups were observed. Minor allele (MSTNT) frequency was the highest in the group of utility pigeons (0.291), which are c...
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Th e relationships between the SNPs of the cytochrome P450 gene (CYP19/PvuII), steroid 21-hydroxy... more Th e relationships between the SNPs of the cytochrome P450 gene (CYP19/PvuII), steroid 21-hydroxylase (P450c21) gene (CYP21/HpaII), 2 polymorphic sites of estrogen receptor alpha gene (ER1/BglI and ER1/SnaBI), and milk production traits of Black-and-White cattle were analyzed. A total of 472 cows were included in the study and genotyped using PCR-RFLP. Th e frequencies of alleles for the Black-and-White cows were as follows: 0.923-CYP19 A , 0.077-CYP19 B , 0.042-ER1/BglI A , and 0.958 for ER1/BglI G. For ER1/SnaBI, the frequency of allele A was 0.960 and that of allele G was 0.040. In the CYP21, all cows were genotyped as AA (no polymorphism). Th ere were no associations between CYP19/PvuII, CYP21/HpaII, ER1/BglI, ER1/SnaBI polymorphisms, and milk production traits of the investigated cows.
Journal of Traditional Medicine & Clinical Naturopathy, 2017
Cordyceps militaris hot water extract (CMHW) containing cordycepin (cordycepin-CMHW) was used to ... more Cordyceps militaris hot water extract (CMHW) containing cordycepin (cordycepin-CMHW) was used to study the anti-cancer effects in human A549 non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. Our results showed cordycepin-CMHW can inhibit cell proliferations in A549 cells by activating A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) via the inactivation of Akt pathways. Cordycepin-CMHW can also induce apoptosis in the A549 cells by enhancing DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation. We further observed that cordycepin-CMHW up-regulated caspase-9 and increased cleavage of caspase-3 and poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) in A549 cells. The results suggested cordycepin-CMHW is a highly selective treatment to de-regulation of the cell proliferation and apoptosis in non-small cell lung carcinoma via signaling pathways generated by A3AR activation.
Intestinal microflora plays a critical role in the process of nutrient digestion and immunomodula... more Intestinal microflora plays a critical role in the process of nutrient digestion and immunomodulation. Normal gut microbiota is responsible for resistance to colonization by exogenous pathogenic microorganisms. Pathogen invasion alters the intestinal microbiota composition and causes intestinal disorder in domestic animals. Moreover, stress, infection, or dysbiosis during the feeding period also results in an imbalanced gut microbiota, which also leads to postweaning diarrhea of piglets and necrotic enteritis of chickens. It has been demonstrated that B. licheniformis and B. subtilis has antimicrobial activity against pathogens through the production of antibacterial cyclic lipopeptide surfactin. Therefore, in the present review a series research works on the Bacillus based-fermented products efficacy and validation by alleviating the diarrhea incidence, enteritis, coccidiosis, modified gut microbiota, and decrease postpartum dysgalactia syndrome in pigs and chickens.
Young's modulus (E) is a measure for stiffness of a material and a higher E means a higher st... more Young's modulus (E) is a measure for stiffness of a material and a higher E means a higher stiffness. The respective polymorphism of the feather corneous beta-protein gene causes the replacement of glycine by cysteine. We looked for possible effects of the three FCBP genotypes on E in the 10th primaries of racing pigeons. However, we did not find a statistically significant difference of E between the genotypes, even within the sexes and/or within different locations under our test conditions. Our findings do not preclude the possibility that under other conditions (temperature, moisture) an influence of the glycine/cysteine polymorphism on E may exist. Compared to the more proximal locations of the rachis (base and middle) we observed lower values for E in the distal region (tip). The 10th primary constitutes the leading edge of the pigeon wing and this special function may require higher stiffness in the proximal parts of the shaft. We observed significantly higher values of E...
Associations between two polymorphic sites of the GH gene and production traits of Limousine catt... more Associations between two polymorphic sites of the GH gene and production traits of Limousine cattle were analysed. A tolal of 130 calves were included in the study. The PCR-RFLP method was used. The frequencies of genotypes and alleles were as follows: 0.469 LL genotype, 0.408 - LV, 0.123 VV, and 0.673 - GHL, 0.327 -GHV for GH-Alul polymorphism and 0.723 - AA genotype, 0.277 - AB, and 0.862 - GHA, 0.138 - GHB for GH-MboH polymorphism. Associations between polymorphism of the growth hormone gene and utility characteristics of calves were observed.
The aim of this study was to examine if there was a gene flow between different breeds and forms ... more The aim of this study was to examine if there was a gene flow between different breeds and forms of domestic pigeon. Seven pigeon microsatellite markers were used to examine the genetic variability and relationships among eight pure breeds and urban form of domestic pigeon. In total, 7 microsatellite loci were genotyped in 364 individuals giving a total of 122 alleles. This study is the first to report microsatellite analysis in Wroclaw Meat pigeons. The inbreeding coefficient showed a departure from random mating, which is expected for a breeding flock and the artificial selection of breeding pairs. Interestingly, the German Nun breed showed a mixed genetic heritage derived from the Fantails, Kassel Tumblers and Vienna highflier breeds. Urban pigeons appeared to form a separate population with completely different features than the rest of those analysed and should probably be considered as a crossbreed population.In conclusion all breeds and diverse morphological forms of Columbal...
The primary aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) g... more The primary aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) gene polymorphism (c.*523 T>C) and fattening and pork quality traits. Investigations were carried out on 526 pigs represented by three breeds: Polish Landrace (n=269), Polish Large White (n=189) and Puławska (n=68). ACLY genotypes were determined by PCR–RFLP method. It was demonstrated that the analyzed polymorphism had significant influence (P<0.05 and P≤0.01) on several economically important traits in pigs, e.g. average daily gain, average backfat thickness, lean meat percentage. The results obtained allow for application of c.*523 T>C polymorphism in breeding programs to improve the pig population in terms of fattening and slaughter traits. However, this breeding program may have a slight negative effect on meat texture parameters.
Thyroid hormone-inducible hepatic protein is involved in the de novo synthesis of fatty acids in ... more Thyroid hormone-inducible hepatic protein is involved in the de novo synthesis of fatty acids in the lactating mammary gland. Different variants of the gene that encodes this protein may be associated with its different activity. The primary aim of this study was to find polymorphism in the THRSP gene and estimate the relationship between individual genotypes and fatty acid composition in milk. Investigations were carried out on 224 cows represented by two breeds—Jersey (n = 80) and Polish Holstein-Friesian (n = 144). Polymorphism in THRSP was detected by Sanger sequencing; however, genotypes were determined by the PCR-RFLP method. It was shown that the analyzed variant had a significant (p < 0.05) influence on palmitic and stearic fatty acids as well as on fatty acids with a chain length of 14, 16, and 6–16 in Jersey breed and on caproic, palmitic, myristoleic, and palmitoleic fatty acids in H-F. Obtained results indicated that analyzed SNP in bovine THRSP gene (rs42714482) may ...
This study investigated the effects of fermented products produced by Bacillus licheniformis (fer... more This study investigated the effects of fermented products produced by Bacillus licheniformis (fermented products) on the growth performance and cecal microbial community in broilers exposed to coccidial challenge. A total of 108 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to one of three treatments. Each treatment was distributed into six replicate cages with six birds each. The treatments consisted of a basal diet without treatment (NC), basal diet plus coccidial challenge (PC), and basal diet plus the coccidial challenge and 1 g/kg of fermented products (FP). The results indicated that FP increased the average daily gain of broilers at 21 to 35 days of age compared with the PC group (p < 0.05). The anti-coccidia index in the FP group was elevated compared with the PC group (p < 0.05). Principal coordinate analysis showed significant segregation in bacterial community composition in the cecal digesta among the groups. The genus Lactobacillus was more abu...
The genetic basis of aggressive behaviour has been examined extensively, including analysis of ge... more The genetic basis of aggressive behaviour has been examined extensively, including analysis of genes encoding neurotransmitters, signalling molecules and regulatory enzymes, as well as their synthesis and degradation. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase, an enzyme catalysing the conversion of dopamine into norepinephrine in synaptic endings, significantly affects the modulation of emotional states and behaviour. The aim of this study was to determine the association of C789A polymorphism in the canine dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene (DBH) and aggressive behaviour in dogs. A total of 110 dogs of different breeds were analysed. All animals were classified according to their individual behavioural characteristics, defined by a veterinary interview and observation. Polymorphism was analysed using ACRS-PCR (amplification created restriction site-polymerase chain reaction) method. Significant differences in DBH genotypes and allele frequency between aggressive and non-aggressive dogs were observed (...
Cryptochromes (CRY) are the family of proteins proposed as the putative magnetoreceptor molecules... more Cryptochromes (CRY) are the family of proteins proposed as the putative magnetoreceptor molecules. In birds, among others in pigeons, CRY1 is widely expressed in a retina. Homing pigeons are known for their navigational abilities, and pigeon racing is a popular sport. So, the purpose of this study was to analyze the variability of the nucleotide sequence of the homing pigeon CRY1 gene, spanning the region coding the two amino acids W320 and W374 of Trp-triad, and estimate the relationship between genotypes and the racing performance. Investigations were carried out on 129 pigeons. Analysis of sequencing results indicated the AG to TT change within the seventh intron of CRY1 gene. Genotypes were determined by the forced PCR-RFLP method. The influence of detected polymorphism on the results of racing pigeons in 100–400 km flights was shown. The AG/TT individuals achieved significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) mean values of ace points (AP) than the AG/AG ones. Regarding the detected nucleoti...
Necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens has reemerged as a severe poultry disease wo... more Necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens has reemerged as a severe poultry disease worldwide since the ban on the routine use of antibiotics in animal feed. Probiotics are considered alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. Bacillus species are the most common microorganisms used as probiotics in the feed industry. The current study investigated the growth and surfactin levels of Bacillus licheniformis in solid-state fermentation using different substrates and evaluated the effects of B. licheniformis-fermented products on growth performance and intestinal morphology in broilers exposed to C. perfringens. The highest viable biomass and surfactin concentration of B. licheniformis-fermented products was observed at 2% molasses and 20% soybean meal supplementation during fermentation (P＜0.05). B. licheniformis-fermented product-derived surfactin inhibited the growth of C. perfringens in vitro in a dose dependent manner (P＜0.05). B. licheniformis-fermented product supplementation (2 g/kg) significantly improved the body weight and average daily gain weight of broilers challenged with C. perfringens (P＜ 0.05). B. licheniformis-fermented products significantly alleviated necrotic lesions and ameliorated intestinal morphology in broilers exposed to C. perfringens (P＜0.05). Collectively, these observations demonstrate that B. licheniformisfermented products improve growth performance and gut morphology in broilers under C. perfringens challenge. B. licheniformis-fermented products may have the potential to be used as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters for preventive treatments against C. perfringens in broilers.
Swine dysentery and necrotic enteritis are a bane to animal husbandry worldwide. Some countries h... more Swine dysentery and necrotic enteritis are a bane to animal husbandry worldwide. Some countries have already banned the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal production. Surfactin is a potential alternative to antibiotics and antibacterial agents. However, the antibacterial activity of Bacillus species-derived surfactin on Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Clostridium perfringens are still poorly understood. In the current study, the antibacterial effects of surfactin produced from Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis on B. hyodysenteriae and C. perfringens were evaluated. Results showed that multiple surfactin isoforms were detected in B. subtilis, while only one surfactin isoform was detected in B. licheniformis fermented products. The surfactin produced from B. subtilis exhibited significant antibacterial activity against B. hyodysenteriae compared with surfactin produced from B. licheniformis. B. subtilis-derived surfactin could inhibit bacterial growth and disru...
Two new PCR-RFLPs in the domestic pigeon (Columba livia var. domestica) lactate dehydrogenase A (... more Two new PCR-RFLPs in the domestic pigeon (Columba livia var. domestica) lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) gene (Brief report) (Zwei neue PCR-RFLPs des Laktat-Dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) Gens bei der domestizierten Taube (Columba livia var. domestica))
Associations between polymorphism localised in the six exon of PIT1 gene (PIT1-HinfI) and milk pr... more Associations between polymorphism localised in the six exon of PIT1 gene (PIT1-HinfI) and milk production traits of Black-and-White cattle were analysed. A total of 900 cows were included in the study. PCR-RFLP method was used. The frequencies of the genotypes and alleles were as follows: 0.054 for AA, 0.377 for AB and 0.569 for BB, and 0.243 for PIT1 A and 0.757-PIT1 B. There were no associations between PIT1-HinfI polymorphism and milk production traits of the cows.
Prophylactic use of antibiotics in-feed has been effective in decreasing the incidence of diarrhe... more Prophylactic use of antibiotics in-feed has been effective in decreasing the incidence of diarrhea in weaning piglets. However, the overuse of antibiotics as prophylactic or therapeutic agents in animal feed leads to the evolution of drug-resistant bacteria and antibiotic residues in pigs. This study investigated the effects of Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products on diarrhea incidence and the fecal microbial community in weaning piglets. A total of 120 crossbred piglets with an average initial body weight of 9.87 ± 1.43 kg were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments consisting of three replicate stalls with 10 piglets in each. The dietary treatments comprised a basal diet as control, control plus 1 g/kg or 4.5 g/kg of B. licheniformis-fermented products, and control plus 30 mg/kg antibiotics (bacitracin methylene disalicylate). Results showed that 4.5 g/kg of B. licheniformis-fermented product supplementation significantly reduced diarrhea incidence in weaning piglets. P...
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a role in a wide variety of physiological processes. The... more Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a role in a wide variety of physiological processes. They are produced by a series of desaturation and elongation reactions.-6-desaturase is a membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) to stearidonic acid (18:4n-3) and γ-linolenic acid (18:3n-6). It is encoded by the FADS2 gene located on bovine chromosome 29. The aim of this study was to identify a single nucleotide polymorphism in the FADS2 gene and to determine possible associations with milk fatty acid composition in two breeds of dairy cattle, i.e., Jersey and Polish Holstein-Friesian. Direct DNA sequencing revealed the presence of an A-to-G substitution in intron 3 of the FADS2 gene (rs209202414). Both populations were genotyped with an appropriate PCR-RFLP assay. The following genotype distributions were observed: for Jerseys, AA = 0.24, AG = 0.63, and GG = 0.13; for Polish Holstein-Friesians, AA = 0.17, AG = 0.40, and GG = 0.43. In Jerseys, statistically significant relationships were found between the FASD2 genotypes and the following milk fatty acids: lauric (P = 0.0486), behenic (P = 0.0199), lignoceric (P = 0.0209), oleic (P = 0.0386), eicosatrienoic (P = 0.0113), and docosadienoic (P = 0.0181). In Polish Holstein-Friesian cows, significant associations were observed for erucic (P = 0.0460) and docosahexaenoic (P = 0.0469) acids. The study indicated the A-to-G substitution (rs209202414) in the bovine FADS2 gene as a potential genetic marker for fatty acid composition in cattle milk.
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