ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 2019
Impulsive behaviours occurring as a central deficit in connection with attention-deficit/hyperact... more Impulsive behaviours occurring as a central deficit in connection with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with social and academic impairment in children. Whereas impulsivity was shown to be related to both delay aversion and deficient timing skills, the mutual relation between the latter two has hardly been investigated. The present study therefore examined the interplay of delay aversion, timing skills, and impulsivity in a sample of eighty-eight children aged between seven and fourteen, twenty-one of them diagnosed with ADHD. Children participated in a delay aversion and a tapping task, while parents reported about their impulsiveness. The results showed that both delay aversion and deficient timing skills were related to impulsivity. Contrasting prior assumptions, delay aversion and timing skills were also shown to be related, even when controlling for impulsivity. Implications for interventions aiming to reduce children's impulsivity as well as methodological considerations regarding whether to view ADHD as a category or a continuum are discussed.
Objective: This study examines the interrelations of parenting practices, emotional climate, and ... more Objective: This study examines the interrelations of parenting practices, emotional climate, and household chaos in families with children with and without ADHD. In particular, indirect pathways from children’s ADHD symptomatology to inadequate parenting and negative emotional climate via household chaos were investigated. Method: Parenting, emotional climate, and household chaos were assessed using questionnaires and a speech sample of parents of 31 children with and 53 without ADHD, aged 7 to 13 years. Results: Group differences were found for certain parenting dimensions, the parent–child relationship, critical comments, and household chaos. While we found significant indirect effects between children’s ADHD and certain parenting dimensions through household chaos, no effects were found for any aspect of emotional climate. Conclusion: Children’s ADHD symptoms translate into inadequate parenting through household chaos, which underlines the need for interventions to improve househ...
Zusammenfassung. Kinder mit einer Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) zeigen hä... more Zusammenfassung. Kinder mit einer Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) zeigen häufig akademische Minderleistung mit unklarer Ursache. Neben den Kernsymptomen der Störung haben Kinder mit ADHS typischerweise eine geringere Selbstkontrollkapazität, d. h. eine mangelnde Fähigkeit, automatisch auftretende Reaktionsimpulse zu unterdrücken oder zu modifizieren. In der Normalpopulation wurde mehrfach gezeigt, dass eine höhere Selbstkontrollkapazität mit besseren akademischen Leistungen einhergeht. Daher wird in der vorliegenden Studie der Einfluss der Selbstkontrollkapazität auf den Zusammenhang zwischen einer ADHS-Diagnose und Schulleistungen untersucht. 44 Kinder mit und 59 Kinder ohne ADHS im Alter von 7 bis 13 Jahren, für die jeweils ein Elternteil die Schulleistung und die Selbstkontrollkapazität einschätzte, wurden untersucht. Kinder mit ADHS hatten eine niedrigere Selbstkontrollkapazität und signifikant schlechtere Schulleistungen als Kinder ohne ADHS. In einer Medi...
The ability to delay gratification, to wait for a larger but delayed reward in the presence of a ... more The ability to delay gratification, to wait for a larger but delayed reward in the presence of a smaller but constantly available reward, has been shown to be predictive for various aspects of everyday life. For instance, preschool children who were better able to delay gratification achieved better school grades, a higher education, a better ability to cope with stress, as well as a reduced risk for being overweight or consume drugs up to 30 years later (Mischel et al., 2011). However, despite the importance of delay of gratification cognitive factors underlying individual differences are only poorly understood. Wittmann and Paulus (2008) suggested that individuals who overestimate the duration of time intervals experience waiting times as more costly and are, therefore, less likely to delay gratification. Furthermore, a recent study revealed an association between less accurate internal clock speed and a behavioral choice delay task (Corvi, Juergensen, Weaver, & Demaree, 2012). Further evidence for an association between temporal processing and delay of gratification can be derived from studies using clinical samples. For instance, children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) consistently prefer smaller, immediate rewards over larger, delayed rewards and show impaired temporal processing (Sonuga-Barke, Bitsakou, & Thompson, 2010). However, no study has directly tested an association between a measure of temporal processing and a classical delay of gratification task in children with and without ADHD so far.
Presentation given at the 2008 Natural Resources Information Council (NRIC) meeting in Eugene, Or... more Presentation given at the 2008 Natural Resources Information Council (NRIC) meeting in Eugene, Oregon, August 10th, 2008
ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 2019
Impulsive behaviours occurring as a central deficit in connection with attention-deficit/hyperact... more Impulsive behaviours occurring as a central deficit in connection with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with social and academic impairment in children. Whereas impulsivity was shown to be related to both delay aversion and deficient timing skills, the mutual relation between the latter two has hardly been investigated. The present study therefore examined the interplay of delay aversion, timing skills, and impulsivity in a sample of eighty-eight children aged between seven and fourteen, twenty-one of them diagnosed with ADHD. Children participated in a delay aversion and a tapping task, while parents reported about their impulsiveness. The results showed that both delay aversion and deficient timing skills were related to impulsivity. Contrasting prior assumptions, delay aversion and timing skills were also shown to be related, even when controlling for impulsivity. Implications for interventions aiming to reduce children's impulsivity as well as methodological considerations regarding whether to view ADHD as a category or a continuum are discussed.
Objective: This study examines the interrelations of parenting practices, emotional climate, and ... more Objective: This study examines the interrelations of parenting practices, emotional climate, and household chaos in families with children with and without ADHD. In particular, indirect pathways from children’s ADHD symptomatology to inadequate parenting and negative emotional climate via household chaos were investigated. Method: Parenting, emotional climate, and household chaos were assessed using questionnaires and a speech sample of parents of 31 children with and 53 without ADHD, aged 7 to 13 years. Results: Group differences were found for certain parenting dimensions, the parent–child relationship, critical comments, and household chaos. While we found significant indirect effects between children’s ADHD and certain parenting dimensions through household chaos, no effects were found for any aspect of emotional climate. Conclusion: Children’s ADHD symptoms translate into inadequate parenting through household chaos, which underlines the need for interventions to improve househ...
Zusammenfassung. Kinder mit einer Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) zeigen hä... more Zusammenfassung. Kinder mit einer Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) zeigen häufig akademische Minderleistung mit unklarer Ursache. Neben den Kernsymptomen der Störung haben Kinder mit ADHS typischerweise eine geringere Selbstkontrollkapazität, d. h. eine mangelnde Fähigkeit, automatisch auftretende Reaktionsimpulse zu unterdrücken oder zu modifizieren. In der Normalpopulation wurde mehrfach gezeigt, dass eine höhere Selbstkontrollkapazität mit besseren akademischen Leistungen einhergeht. Daher wird in der vorliegenden Studie der Einfluss der Selbstkontrollkapazität auf den Zusammenhang zwischen einer ADHS-Diagnose und Schulleistungen untersucht. 44 Kinder mit und 59 Kinder ohne ADHS im Alter von 7 bis 13 Jahren, für die jeweils ein Elternteil die Schulleistung und die Selbstkontrollkapazität einschätzte, wurden untersucht. Kinder mit ADHS hatten eine niedrigere Selbstkontrollkapazität und signifikant schlechtere Schulleistungen als Kinder ohne ADHS. In einer Medi...
The ability to delay gratification, to wait for a larger but delayed reward in the presence of a ... more The ability to delay gratification, to wait for a larger but delayed reward in the presence of a smaller but constantly available reward, has been shown to be predictive for various aspects of everyday life. For instance, preschool children who were better able to delay gratification achieved better school grades, a higher education, a better ability to cope with stress, as well as a reduced risk for being overweight or consume drugs up to 30 years later (Mischel et al., 2011). However, despite the importance of delay of gratification cognitive factors underlying individual differences are only poorly understood. Wittmann and Paulus (2008) suggested that individuals who overestimate the duration of time intervals experience waiting times as more costly and are, therefore, less likely to delay gratification. Furthermore, a recent study revealed an association between less accurate internal clock speed and a behavioral choice delay task (Corvi, Juergensen, Weaver, & Demaree, 2012). Further evidence for an association between temporal processing and delay of gratification can be derived from studies using clinical samples. For instance, children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) consistently prefer smaller, immediate rewards over larger, delayed rewards and show impaired temporal processing (Sonuga-Barke, Bitsakou, & Thompson, 2010). However, no study has directly tested an association between a measure of temporal processing and a classical delay of gratification task in children with and without ADHD so far.
Presentation given at the 2008 Natural Resources Information Council (NRIC) meeting in Eugene, Or... more Presentation given at the 2008 Natural Resources Information Council (NRIC) meeting in Eugene, Oregon, August 10th, 2008
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