Papers by Anchalee Wannaruk
Journal of language teaching, linguistics and literature, Dec 9, 2022
Suranaree Journal of Social Science, Dec 28, 2017
Interlanguage pragmatic (ILP) competence is vitally important for EFL learners to avoid embarrass... more Interlanguage pragmatic (ILP) competence is vitally important for EFL learners to avoid embarrassment which could happen in an interaction between speakers from different cultural backgrounds. The present research aimed to investigate the EFL learners' ILP competence and its variations by gender while conducting speech acts, understanding conversational implicature and performing routines. The participants were 390 Chinese English majors. The data was collected with the ILP competence test and semi-structured interviews. The ILP competence test was developed for the Chinese context by the present researchers. The quantitative data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and independent T-test. The qualitative data were analyzed with content analysis. The results indicated that the EFL learners' ILP competence was at the medium level. Significant differences existed at the overall level and in conducting speech acts and performing routines at the category level according to gender. Significant differences were also found in the four aspects of conducting speech acts: 1) correct speech acts, 2) typical expressions, 3) amount of speech and information, and 4) levels of formality, directness and politeness. In addition, in some individual items in understanding conversational implicature and performing routines, significant differences were found. Overall, the females performed better than their male counterparts.
Affective factors such as anxiety, personality, self-confidence, motivation play influential role... more Affective factors such as anxiety, personality, self-confidence, motivation play influential role in learner's language achievement and proficiency (Chen, 2015). The purpose of this study was to investigate the third-year English majors' listening anxiety state, then further identify whether their listening anxiety vary according to their gender, and finally explore the relationship between their listening anxiety and listening achievement. Participants were 272 (41 male and 231 female) English majors learning English as a foreign language (EFL). Data were collected from a Listening Anxiety Questionnaire (LAQ) and the listening comprehension test from the Test for English Majors-4 (TEM-4). The LAQ was adapted from E.K. Horwitz, M.B. Horwitz, and Cope's (1986) Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS), covering three aspects of anxiety: communication apprehension, test anxiety, and fear of negative evaluation. Descriptive statistical analyses showed that the Chinese EFL university students experienced a moderate level of anxiety (M=2.81). Among the three categories of listening anxiety, students experienced test anxiety most (M=3.02), followed by communication apprehension (M=2.85), and the last was fear of negative evaluation (M=2.80). An independent Samples t-test indicated that female students experienced higher levels in terms of overall listening anxiety (p..01) and three categories of anxiety (p<.05). A Pearson correlation analysis revealed that anxiety and listening achievement were negatively related to each other (r=-.35**, p.01). Finally a multiple regression analysis further revealed that the fear of negative evaluation was a powerful predictor with a Beta value of-.35 in predicting listening achievement, but communication apprehension and test anxiety did not enter the regression model despite their correlation with listening comprehension achievement. It is recommended that educators pay attention to anxiety, and the gender differences should be taken into consideration too.
This study investigated the rhetorical move structure of the education research article genre wit... more This study investigated the rhetorical move structure of the education research article genre within the framework of Swales' (1981, 1990, 2004) move analysis. A corpus of 120 systematically sampled empirical education research articles served as data input for the analysis. The results indicate that the education research article methods section is characterized by structural complexity and rich, nuanced description. Education researchers generally employ three rhetorical moves to realize the overall communication purpose of the methods section: 1) Describing the research design, 2) Describing data collection procedures, and 3) Describing data analysis procedures. While the first is optional and has no constituent steps, the second and the third have a series of constituent steps, with the second being obligatory and the third optional. The moves provide very detailed information on different aspects of the methodology. This complexity and richness of
This study investigates the rhetorical move structure of English applied linguistic research arti... more This study investigates the rhetorical move structure of English applied linguistic research article Discussions published in Thai and international journals. Two corpora comprising of 30 Thai Discussions and 30 international Discussions were analyzed using Yang & Allison’s (2003) move model. Based on the analysis, both similarities and differences regarding the move occurrence, move-ordering patterns, and move cyclicity were found. The marked differences of the two corpora were in the step employment. The findings obtained in the current study are useful particularly for novice non-native writers by facilitating them to better understand the rhetorical structure of research article Discussions in the different publication contexts. In addition, they may provide L2 teachers with insight into effective instructional strategies to help EFL/ESL learners acquire pragmatic knowledge of the rhetorical structure of research article Discussions.
Performing routines in interlanguage is vitally important for EFL learners since it can cause emb... more Performing routines in interlanguage is vitally important for EFL learners since it can cause embarrassment between speakers from different cultures. The present study aims to 1) investigate the reliability and validity of an interlanguge pragmatic competence test on routines in a Chinese EFL context with multiple choice discourse completion task (MDCT), 2) examine the statistical characteristics of the test, and 3) explore the test takers' strategies used in the process of taking the test. Altogether 390 students from China took part in the study. The data were collected with the interlanguage pragmatic competence test on routines and think aloud protocol. Data analyses methods included the split-half method, item analysis theory, descriptive statistics, an independent T-test and content analysis. The results indicate that 1) the interlanguage pragmatic competence test on routines showed strong reliability and validity in the Chinese EFL context, 2) interlanguage pragmatic routines were not easy for the Chinese EFL learners, and situational routines were easier than functional routines, and 3) three strategies: repeated reading, interpreting or translating, and weighing options or justifying responses, were used in the process of taking the test by the Chinese EFL learners.
Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 2018
This cross-cultural study investigated the semantic formulae of complaints employed by native Tha... more This cross-cultural study investigated the semantic formulae of complaints employed by native Thai speakers speaking Thai (TTs) and native Chinese speakers speaking Chinese (CCs). A sample of 60 native Thai speakers speaking Thai (TTs) and 60 native Chinese speakers speaking Chinese (CCs) responded to a twelve-scenario Discourse Completion Task questionnaire and ranked the severity of the offence in each situation. The complaining data were coded into 12 semantic formulae based on Murphy and Neu's (1996), Tanck's (2002) and Gallaher's (2011) models. The ManneWhitney U test was employed to find similarities and differences between TTs and CCs in the semantic formulae and a repeated measures test was employed to examine the effects of social distance and social status. The results showed that CCs complained more explicitly than TTs, since CCs perceived the offence as more serious than TTs. Although both TTs and CCs complained explicitly to a stranger of lower status, TTs complained less directly to an acquaintance of lower status than CCs did. Moreover, TTs complained more explicitly to an acquaintance than to an intimate whereas CCs complained more directly to an intimate than to an acquaintance. These findings may facilitate Thai-Chinese cross-cultural communication and even Thai and Chinese English as lingua franca (ELF) language teaching.
English Language Teaching, 2019
The present study investigates the relationship between university learners’ English learni... more The present study investigates the relationship between university learners’ English learning motivation and their willingness to communicate in English (L2 WTC) in EFL classroom under the big environment of Thailand joining the AEC (ASEAN Economic Community). By applying mixed methods, data is collected and the findings can be summarized as follows. Firstly, the university learners including males and females all have high motivation towards English learning, especially with higher instrumental motivation. Besides, the university learners in total have intermediate level on their willingness to communicate in English in EFL classrooms without significant gender difference. More than 50% of students are more willing to communicate in English with friends than with teachers for they believe that friends are easier to communicate and understand. Thirdly, university learners’ English learning motivation has strong positively correlation with their L2 WTC. In English learnin...
RELC Journal, 2015
The rhetorical organization of research articles has attracted extensive attention in genre study... more The rhetorical organization of research articles has attracted extensive attention in genre study, and the focus of move-based analysis is on the textual function. The primary aim of the present study was the comparison of the rhetorical moves of English research articles in the field of Applied Linguistics written by Thai first authors and published in national Thai journals with those written by authors of different nationalities and published in international journals. Each of the two corpora was represented by 30 English research articles with sections of introduction, method, results and discussion. These sections were examined according to different move models: Introduction: Swales (2004), Methods: Peacock (2011), and Results and Discussion: Yang and Allison (2003). The study provided detailed rhetorical structures of research articles from both corpora with linguistic features used in each move. It was found that the frequency of rhetorical move occurrence of the two corpora...
วารสารเทคโนโลยีสุรนารี Suranaree Journal of Social Science, 2008
This article describes a research study which investigates whether the teaching of specific commu... more This article describes a research study which investigates whether the teaching of specific communication strategies, namely, back-channels, pause fillers and hesitation devices, requests for clarification, and circumlocutions, will result in learners making greater use of these strategies and improving the effectiveness of their communication skills in English. The participants were 10 Ph.D Science and Technology graduate students who volunteered to participate in a thirty-hour training programme to improve their speaking skills. Multiple sources of information for data collection, such as interviews, observations, audio-recordings and a questionnaire were used to provide detailed in-depth data, which were recorded and transcribed. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks tests revealed a highly significant difference at 0.01 level of the frequency of use for all the communication strategies after the training. The results showed that the students used the communication strategies more frequently and more appropriately both in the post-test and the delayed post-test than they did in the pre-test.
Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 2015
Interlanguage pragmatic competence is of vital importance for the EFL learners because misunderst... more Interlanguage pragmatic competence is of vital importance for the EFL learners because misunderstanding always occurs among people from different cultures. The present study aimed to develop an interlanguage pragmatic competence test in the field of speech acts with WDCT. Altogether 100 English major students and 33 native speakers in Guizhou University of China participated in the developing of the test, and another 60 English majors in Guizhou University of China took the test. The analysis of the reliability and validity of WDCT was based on Many Facets Rasch Model. The results showed that WDCT had both high reliability and validity in the Chinese context in testing the interlanguage pragmatic competence in speech acts performance.
Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2015
Linguistic studies suggest that transitivity is a prototypical concept which is gradable, and dif... more Linguistic studies suggest that transitivity is a prototypical concept which is gradable, and different types of transitive constructions reflect different degrees of transitivity. As such, the flexibility of transitive constructions is difficult for Chinese EFL learners. The author seeks to study how Chinese EFL learners use a particular type of transitive construction, those with neutral participants (TCNP), to reveal Chinese EFL learners' conceptual features in using transitive constructions. The author selected three verbs in the study: enter, join and reach, then conducted a series of comparisons of their uses between a Chinese EFL learner corpus and a native learner. The author found that Chinese EFL learners' uses are different in a number of ways: they tend to rely more on the transitive pattern and use less intransitive and passive voice pattern, to use more animate entities as subjects, especially the first person pronouns, but to use more inanimate entities as objects. However, in the comparisons between different levels of Chinese EFL learners, we found that all Chinese EFL learners use these verbs similarly with no regard to their English levels, indicating that Chinese EFL learners have no conceptual change in English. The author argues that the constraining effect of the prototypical transitive construction leads to the different uses of TCNPs by Chinese EFL learners in comparison with native speakers.
English Language Teaching, 2014
Although the rhetorical structure of research articles (RA) has been extensively examined from in... more Although the rhetorical structure of research articles (RA) has been extensively examined from individual sections to complete IMRD sections regarding different disciplines, no research has been addressed to the overall rhetorical structure of RAs as a whole entity in the field of agricultural science. In this study, we analyzed 45 agricultural science RAs, using Kanoksilapatham's (2005) model as an analytical tool. A sixteen-move structure was identified, 3 for the Introduction section, 5 for the Methods section, 4 for the Results section and 4 for the Discussion section, respectively. The rhetorical structure found in this study extends and refines previous models. In particular, the occurrences of moves in the sections of Methods and Results appear to be discipline-dependent. These results seem to indicate that the rhetorical structure of agricultural science RAs tend to have their own pattern, so that this study should benefit non-native scientists in general and non-native scientists in agricultural science in particular, not only allowing them to understand RAs better, but also helping them in their competition for international publication.
English Language Teaching, 2012
This study investigates the rhetorical move structure of English applied linguistic research arti... more This study investigates the rhetorical move structure of English applied linguistic research article Discussions published in Thai and international journals. Two corpora comprising of 30 Thai Discussions and 30 international Discussions were analyzed using Yang & Allison's (2003) move model. Based on the analysis, both similarities and differences regarding the move occurrence, move-ordering patterns, and move cyclicity were found. The marked differences of the two corpora were in the step employment. The findings obtained in the current study are useful particularly for novice non-native writers by facilitating them to better understand the rhetorical structure of research article Discussions in the different publication contexts. In addition, they may provide L2 teachers with insight into effective instructional strategies to help EFL/ESL learners acquire pragmatic knowledge of the rhetorical structure of research article Discussions.
... In one of Bialystok's papers on "Some factors in the selection and implementation o... more ... In one of Bialystok's papers on "Some factors in the selection and implementation of communication strategies", she investigates "who uses which strategy when and with what effect?" As cited in Kasper & Kellerman (1997), Ellis (1994) points out that one of the central empirical ...
L1 culture has been regarded as one of the major defining factors affecting the production of L2.... more L1 culture has been regarded as one of the major defining factors affecting the production of L2. As a result, it is likely that English used by non-native speakers will reflect their own social and cultural norms and values. This study investigated strategies employed by native speakers of Thai in making refusals in Thai (L1) and in English (L2) to invitations, requests, offers, and suggestions. The participants were 60 Thai graduate students, 30 of whom responded in Thai (TTs) and 30 in English (TEs). Data were collected using a Discourse Completion Task (DCT) and a follow-up interview. The DCT included situations related to the participants’ academic life. Data were coded based on the classification of refusals formulated by Beebe, Takahashi, and Uliss-Weltz (1990) and analyzed in terms of frequency. The findings indicated that there were similarities in the choice, content, and order of refusal strategies used by TTs and those used by TEs. These were motivated by their sensitivi...
The schematic organization of research articles in terms of moves and steps has attracted extensi... more The schematic organization of research articles in terms of moves and steps has attracted extensive attention in genre study, and the focus of move-based analysis is on the hierarchical schematic structures of texts. The primary aim of this study is to compare the rhetorical moves in English research article introductions in Applied Linguistics as published in local Thai journals with those published in international journals. The comparison was made between 20 local and 20 international research article introductions selected from seven refereed local Thai journals and from seven international journals. These research article introductions were analyzed based on Swales‘ (2004) model. The results indicated that all three moves, namely, establishing a territory, establishing a niche and presenting the present work, were used in both datasets, but there was a slight difference in their frequencies of occurrence. As for the realization of the moves, the two corpora used different steps...
Suranaree Journal of Social Science
The present study investigated the development of pragmatic competence of Thai EFL university stu... more The present study investigated the development of pragmatic competence of Thai EFL university students majoring in business studies. Data were collected from two groups of participants, 40 first-year and 40 third-year EFL students, all majoring in business studies in a university in Thailand. The participants’ pragmatic competence was evaluated by employing a Written Discourse Completion Test (WDCT) which covered 16 business scenarios aiming to elicit 4 face-threatening acts: refusal, request, complaint, and advice. Comparisons between the two groups’ WDCT data revealed that when confronting the 4 face-threatening acts in business interactions, the third-year participants demonstrated a statistically noticeable improvement compared to their first-year counterparts and were proved to have a relatively wider access to typical expressions, appropriate amount of information and politeness strategies in the business situations under examination. Finally, based on the interviews with sele...
RELC Journal, 2008
Communication breakdowns can occur during cross-cultural communication due to different perceptio... more Communication breakdowns can occur during cross-cultural communication due to different perceptions and interpretations of appropriateness and politeness. This study investigates similarities and differences between refusals in American English and Thai and incidences of pragmatic transfer by Thai EFL learners when making refusals. The participants of the study include Thai and American native speakers and EFL learners. All of them are graduate students. The data were collected by means of a discourse completion test (DCT) which was designed on the basis of interviews carried out with a view to possible situations for refusals. EFL data for refusals were compared with similar data elicited from native speakers of American English and Thai. Results indicate that overall all three groups share most of the refusal strategies and that pragmatic transfer exists in the choice and content of refusal strategies. Awareness of a person of a higher status and the characteristics of being modes...
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Papers by Anchalee Wannaruk