The effect of naphthalene on phagocytes and associated abnormal cellular activities was studied i... more The effect of naphthalene on phagocytes and associated abnormal cellular activities was studied in Anguilla anguilla L. Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations (0.1, 0.3, 0.9, 2.7 microM) of naphthalene for 8, 16, 24, 48, and 72 h. Gill, head kidney, and peritoneum phagocyte respiratory burst activity (RBA) was measured by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction assay, whereas lipid peroxidation in fish gill, kidney, and liver was measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction substance. A significant increase (P < 0.05-P < 0.001) in total cell count (TCC) of phagocytes (TCCPH) isolated from gill, head kidney, and peritoneum was observed after 8 h of naphthalene exposure and persisting at 16 h exposure. However, long-term exposures (24, 48, and 72 h) induced a significant (P < 0.05-P < 0.001) decrease in TCC at all the concentration levels. Naphthalene exposure caused a significant (P < 0.05-P < 0.001) RBA induction after 8 and 16 h in gill, head kidney, and peritoneal phagocytes, which consequently resulted in a significant (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) peroxidative tissue damage increase measured as lipid peroxidation (LPO) in gill, kidney, and liver at the same time intervals. Considering TCCPH, RBA, and LPO, the most affected tissues were gill and kidney after 8 and 16 h exposure to all naphthalene concentrations. RBA was significantly decreased after 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure (P < 0.05-P < 0.001), whereas peroxidative damage increased significantly (P < 0.05-P < 0.001) and persisted in long-term exposures (72 h) at all concentration levels in gill and kidney. Liver short-term exposure (8 and 16 h) to all naphthalene concentrations did not alter LPO activity. Long-term exposures (48 and 72 h) caused a significant (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) LPO increase, which was more pronounced at 72 h. The results demonstrate that the activation pattern of RBA was corroborated by the extent of phagocyte-induced…
Introduction Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) may improve the accuracy of mammography by enabli... more Introduction Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) may improve the accuracy of mammography by enabling visual separation of overlapping tissues (Andersson et al. 2008, Poplack et al. 2007). Methods Following local research ethics approval, all women attending the assessment clinic for evaluation of a mammographic abnormality found on routine screening (film-screen) were invited to take part in the study subject to informed consent. Participants underwent bilateral two-view two-dimensional (2D) digital mammography and bilateral twoview DBT. Mammography scores using the RCR Breast Group classification were sequentially obtained for the screening mammogram, 2D digital and DBT, and these were each compared with the final assessment outcome. Results Ninety-one percent of eligible women participated. Results from the first 300 participants are presented in below. Kappa coefficients for agreement of each imaging method with final assessment outcome were calculated. Screening mammograms had the lowest agreement with the final outcome (Kappa = 0.02; P = 0.22), 2D digital mammography was better (Kappa = 0.26; P = 0.0000) and DBT had the highest score (Kappa = 0.37; P = 0.0000). Conclusion The preliminary results of this ongoing study show that DBT increases the diagnostic confidence of the radiologist. This supports the need for a larger multicentre study.
The effect of naphthalene on phagocytes and associated abnormal cellular activities was studied i... more The effect of naphthalene on phagocytes and associated abnormal cellular activities was studied in Anguilla anguilla L. Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations (0.1, 0.3, 0.9, 2.7 microM) of naphthalene for 8, 16, 24, 48, and 72 h. Gill, head kidney, and peritoneum phagocyte respiratory burst activity (RBA) was measured by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction assay, whereas lipid peroxidation in fish gill, kidney, and liver was measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction substance. A significant increase (P < 0.05-P < 0.001) in total cell count (TCC) of phagocytes (TCCPH) isolated from gill, head kidney, and peritoneum was observed after 8 h of naphthalene exposure and persisting at 16 h exposure. However, long-term exposures (24, 48, and 72 h) induced a significant (P < 0.05-P < 0.001) decrease in TCC at all the concentration levels. Naphthalene exposure caused a significant (P < 0.05-P < 0.001) RBA induction after 8 and 16 h in gill, head kidney, and peritoneal phagocytes, which consequently resulted in a significant (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) peroxidative tissue damage increase measured as lipid peroxidation (LPO) in gill, kidney, and liver at the same time intervals. Considering TCCPH, RBA, and LPO, the most affected tissues were gill and kidney after 8 and 16 h exposure to all naphthalene concentrations. RBA was significantly decreased after 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure (P < 0.05-P < 0.001), whereas peroxidative damage increased significantly (P < 0.05-P < 0.001) and persisted in long-term exposures (72 h) at all concentration levels in gill and kidney. Liver short-term exposure (8 and 16 h) to all naphthalene concentrations did not alter LPO activity. Long-term exposures (48 and 72 h) caused a significant (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) LPO increase, which was more pronounced at 72 h. The results demonstrate that the activation pattern of RBA was corroborated by the extent of phagocyte-induced…
Introduction Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) may improve the accuracy of mammography by enabli... more Introduction Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) may improve the accuracy of mammography by enabling visual separation of overlapping tissues (Andersson et al. 2008, Poplack et al. 2007). Methods Following local research ethics approval, all women attending the assessment clinic for evaluation of a mammographic abnormality found on routine screening (film-screen) were invited to take part in the study subject to informed consent. Participants underwent bilateral two-view two-dimensional (2D) digital mammography and bilateral twoview DBT. Mammography scores using the RCR Breast Group classification were sequentially obtained for the screening mammogram, 2D digital and DBT, and these were each compared with the final assessment outcome. Results Ninety-one percent of eligible women participated. Results from the first 300 participants are presented in below. Kappa coefficients for agreement of each imaging method with final assessment outcome were calculated. Screening mammograms had the lowest agreement with the final outcome (Kappa = 0.02; P = 0.22), 2D digital mammography was better (Kappa = 0.26; P = 0.0000) and DBT had the highest score (Kappa = 0.37; P = 0.0000). Conclusion The preliminary results of this ongoing study show that DBT increases the diagnostic confidence of the radiologist. This supports the need for a larger multicentre study.
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