In light of the 2030 agenda, having information on how plausible futures of mountain social-ecolo... more In light of the 2030 agenda, having information on how plausible futures of mountain social-ecological systems may look like under different development scenarios is key to enable dialogues and negotiations with multiple actors having claims on mountain resources. Tools such as social-ecological systems modelling and participatory scenario approaches are developed to explore these scenarios and likely outcomes for communities, livelihoods and mountain resources, with the ultimate aim to better project the impact of local to global changes in mountains and help in designing management decisions towards sustainable mountain development. These tools are developed in various disciplines ranging from climate change-and land system-to ecosystem service-and biodiversity sciences, which offers unique opportunities for interdisciplinary collaborations towards sustainable mountain development. By representing these various disciplines, the three conveners of this session-the Mountain Research Initiative (MRI), the Global Land Programme (GLP), and the Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment (GMBA)-meet the challenge of bringing research communities together to gain a common understanding of possible solutions towards a sustainable future for mountain ecosystems and their inhabitants. We invite talks presenting mountain scenarios from different mountain regions of the world where modelling tools have been developed based on local needs. We encourage contributions from all segments of the mountain science community, including climate-, land system-, as well as ecosystem-and biodiversity scientists. We will discuss the toolsets and the challenges in applying these tools to the steep social-ecological gradients characteristic of mountains.
Ethiopian Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 2021
Maize is one of the widely cultivated cereal crops in Ethiopia. Government recognizes importance ... more Maize is one of the widely cultivated cereal crops in Ethiopia. Government recognizes importance of maize for economic development and emphasized its production and marketing in the strategies and policies for agricultural transformation. However, maize is mainly subsistent crop with very low marketed proportion. This study was set out to assess commercialization of smallholder maize producers. Crossectional data was collected from randomly selected 184 sample households using structured questionnaires. Statistical tool such as descriptive statistics, Tobit and Double hurdle models were used for data analysis. The result shows the degree of maize commercialization and market orientation was 29.97% and 10%, respectively. Tobit model shows that age, sex, education, family size and fertilizer use had positive while distant to the market had negative effect on smallholder maize producer"s market orientation. Double-hurdle econometric model indicates that age, education, family size, extension contact, oxen and land allocated to maize production had positive effect while distance from market had negative effect on market participation decision., The intensity of maize sale was positively affected by age, education level, perception on lagged market price, number of oxen, membership to cooperative and land allocated to maize. The study indicates that level commercialization was low in the study area. Therefore, the strategies and policies aiming at promoting smallholders commercialization should be focused on improving provision of rural infrastructure, education, agricultural extension service, provision of inputs, institutional arrangement like cooperatives.
This study aimed at identifying of factors affecting market outlet choice of the smallholder mang... more This study aimed at identifying of factors affecting market outlet choice of the smallholder mango producers in Boloso Bombe District, Southern Ethiopia. The survey was conducted in four randomly selected kebele administrations in the district. About 120 smallholder mango producers have been selected randomly from the four kebele administrations proportionally. Both qualitative and quantitative types of data were used. Sample households were used as source of the primary data used for the study. Both close ended and open ended (semi-structured) questionnaire was prepared to collect the data. Personal interview, focus group discussion and group discussions was used to capture adequate data. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Multivariate probit model was used to identify factors affecting market outlet choices of the smallholder mango producers.
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2015
The overall objective of this research was to increase better understand of the challenges that i... more The overall objective of this research was to increase better understand of the challenges that influence highland bamboo culm supply in Dawuro zone with the specific objectives of mapping highland bamboo culm marketing channels of the study districts and analyzing determinants of highland bamboo culms supply. Data were generated by individual interview and group discussions by using questionnaires and checklists. This was supplemented by secondary data collected from different published and unpublished sources. Multistage sampling technique was applied. Sample of 109 bamboo producers and 34 traders and 2 small and medium bamboo culm processors were main sources of primary data. Descriptive statistics and econometric analysis were employed. Producers, traders (collectors and wholesalers) and bamboo handicraftsmen are chain actors in study areas. Bamboo producers supplied (348,940 culms) to different buyers in 2015 production year. Since there is heteroscedasticity problem in the dat...
This study examined the status and determinants of rural households' food security in Shashe... more This study examined the status and determinants of rural households' food security in Shashemene district of Oromia regional state, in Ethiopia. Both primary data and secondary were used for the study. The study was based on the survey of a total of 100 households randomly selected using a three-stage sampling technique. Analytical tools used include descriptive statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) and logit model. The findings from head count ratio computed by FGT model revealed that about 36 and 64 % households in Shashemene district were food insecure and food secure respectively. The depth of food insecurity and severity were 12.38 and 7.35-%, respectively. Logit model analysis result showed that factors such as, family size, cultivated land size, total farm income, off-farm income and livestock ownership of households were significant influence household food security status. The findings suggest the following set of policy recommendation. Identifying and understanding...
International Journal of Agricultural Science, Research and Technology in Extension and Education Systems, 2012
This study examined the status and determinants of rural households’ food security in Moyale dist... more This study examined the status and determinants of rural households’ food security in Moyale district of pastoral area, Oromia regional state, in Ethiopia. Both secondary and primary data were used for the study. The study was based on the survey of a total of 100 farmers randomly selected using a three-stage sampling technique. Analytical tools used include descriptive statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) model and logit model. The findings revealed that about 49.5% and 50.5% of pastoral households were food insecure and food secure respectively. Logit model analysis result showed total farm income, off-farm income and livestock holding households were the major factors positively and significantly influence food security status. However, family size negatively affects household food security in the study area. The findings suggest the following set of policy recommendation. Identifying and understanding factors that are responsible for household food security status and its de...
Zelalem Fikadu, Amsalu Mitiku, Guta Regasa 1Lecturer at Assosa University, College of Agriculture... more Zelalem Fikadu, Amsalu Mitiku, Guta Regasa 1Lecturer at Assosa University, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Department of Agricultural Economics, P. O. Box 18, Assosa, Ethiopia. 2Associate Professor at Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Agricultural Economics and Agri-business Management, P. O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia. 3Assistant Professor at Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, P. O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Anchote is one of the root crops grown in southwestern parts of Ethiopia. Even though market part... more Anchote is one of the root crops grown in southwestern parts of Ethiopia. Even though market participation has got a due attention by government, smallholder farmers' participation in fair market is still below the requirements. This study aims to identify determinants of smallholder anchote farmers' market participation decision and their level of participation. Both primary and secondary data were collected from 162 randomly selected anchote farmers. Descriptive statistics and heckman two stage models were used to analyze the data. The econometric model result revealed that decision of anchote market participation were significantly determined by quantity of anchote produced, access to extension service, age of household head, ownership of transportation facilities and lagged price. On the other hand, the extent of anchote market participation were significantly determined by sex of household head, quantity of anchote produced, access to market information, income from other crops and family size. Therefore, enhancing farmers' access to market information, boosting the production and productivity of anchote through better extension services and infrastructures, awareness creation on gender balanced market engagement and improvement in transportation facilities are the critical points that should get policy attentions in the study area.
This study examined the status and determinants of rural households' food security in Moyale ... more This study examined the status and determinants of rural households' food security in Moyale district of pastoral area, Oromia regional state, in Ethiopia. Both secondary and primary data were used for the study. The study was based on the survey of a total of 100 farmers randomly selected using a three-stage sampling technique. Analytical tools used include descriptive statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) model and logit model. The findings revealed that about 49.5% and 50.5% of pastoral households were food insecure and food secure respectively. Logit model analysis result showed total farm income, off-farm income and livestock holding households were the major factors positively and significantly influence food security status. However, family size negatively affects household food security in the study area. The findings suggest the following set of policy recommendation. Identifying and understanding factors that are responsible for household food security status and it...
African mountains are characterized by high levels of biodiversity and provide ecosystem services... more African mountains are characterized by high levels of biodiversity and provide ecosystem services to millions of people. Due to steep environmental gradients, growing human populations and geographical isolation, these coupled socioecological systems are highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. The capacity of local stakeholders to anticipate future changes and to assess their potential impacts is paramount for enhancing adaptation and resilience. Here we apply a participatory scenario development framework in two parts of the Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Hotspot: Taita Hills in Kenya and Jimma rural area in Ethiopia. In each area, we facilitated local stakeholders in envisioning adaptation scenarios under projected climate changes by mid-21st century, and assessed the potential impacts of these pathways on land use and land cover. In the Taita Hills, under a business-as-usual scenario, human population and activities concentrate at high elevation, triggering cascade effects on remnant forest cover, biodiversity and ecosystem services. Alternative adaptation scenarios envisage reforestation associated with either improved agricultural practices or ecosystem restoration. In the Jimma area, rising temperatures are expected to disrupt traditional coffee production under a business-as-usual scenario, resulting in the loss of coffee-forest canopies and reduction of forest-dependent biodiversity. Alternative adaptation scenarios envisage either expansion of commercial coffee plantations or expansion of agroforestry, including traditional coffee farming. In the both Taita and Jimma, adaptation pathways present trade-offs between provisioning, supporting and regulating services, and between livelihoods and biodiversity conservation. Our findings encourage the use of multidisciplinary, bottom-up approaches for developing locally tailored, climate-smart and sustainable adaptation pathways.
Anchote is one of the root crops grown in southwestern parts of Ethiopia. Even though market part... more Anchote is one of the root crops grown in southwestern parts of Ethiopia. Even though market participation has got a due attention by government, smallholder farmers’ participation in fair market is still below the requirements. This study aims to identify determinants of smallholder anchote farmers’ market participation decision and their level of participation. Both primary and secondary data were collected from 162 randomly selected anchote farmers. Descriptive statistics and heckman two stage models were used to analyze the data. The econometric model result revealed that decision of anchote market participation were significantly determined by quantity of anchote produced, access to extension service, age of household head, ownership of transportation facilities and lagged price. On the other hand, the extent of anchote market participation were significantly determined by sex of household head, quantity of anchote produced, access to market information, income from other crop...
In light of the 2030 agenda, having information on how plausible futures of mountain social-ecolo... more In light of the 2030 agenda, having information on how plausible futures of mountain social-ecological systems may look like under different development scenarios is key to enable dialogues and negotiations with multiple actors having claims on mountain resources. Tools such as social-ecological systems modelling and participatory scenario approaches are developed to explore these scenarios and likely outcomes for communities, livelihoods and mountain resources, with the ultimate aim to better project the impact of local to global changes in mountains and help in designing management decisions towards sustainable mountain development. These tools are developed in various disciplines ranging from climate change-and land system-to ecosystem service-and biodiversity sciences, which offers unique opportunities for interdisciplinary collaborations towards sustainable mountain development. By representing these various disciplines, the three conveners of this session-the Mountain Research Initiative (MRI), the Global Land Programme (GLP), and the Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment (GMBA)-meet the challenge of bringing research communities together to gain a common understanding of possible solutions towards a sustainable future for mountain ecosystems and their inhabitants. We invite talks presenting mountain scenarios from different mountain regions of the world where modelling tools have been developed based on local needs. We encourage contributions from all segments of the mountain science community, including climate-, land system-, as well as ecosystem-and biodiversity scientists. We will discuss the toolsets and the challenges in applying these tools to the steep social-ecological gradients characteristic of mountains.
Ethiopian Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 2021
Maize is one of the widely cultivated cereal crops in Ethiopia. Government recognizes importance ... more Maize is one of the widely cultivated cereal crops in Ethiopia. Government recognizes importance of maize for economic development and emphasized its production and marketing in the strategies and policies for agricultural transformation. However, maize is mainly subsistent crop with very low marketed proportion. This study was set out to assess commercialization of smallholder maize producers. Crossectional data was collected from randomly selected 184 sample households using structured questionnaires. Statistical tool such as descriptive statistics, Tobit and Double hurdle models were used for data analysis. The result shows the degree of maize commercialization and market orientation was 29.97% and 10%, respectively. Tobit model shows that age, sex, education, family size and fertilizer use had positive while distant to the market had negative effect on smallholder maize producer"s market orientation. Double-hurdle econometric model indicates that age, education, family size, extension contact, oxen and land allocated to maize production had positive effect while distance from market had negative effect on market participation decision., The intensity of maize sale was positively affected by age, education level, perception on lagged market price, number of oxen, membership to cooperative and land allocated to maize. The study indicates that level commercialization was low in the study area. Therefore, the strategies and policies aiming at promoting smallholders commercialization should be focused on improving provision of rural infrastructure, education, agricultural extension service, provision of inputs, institutional arrangement like cooperatives.
This study aimed at identifying of factors affecting market outlet choice of the smallholder mang... more This study aimed at identifying of factors affecting market outlet choice of the smallholder mango producers in Boloso Bombe District, Southern Ethiopia. The survey was conducted in four randomly selected kebele administrations in the district. About 120 smallholder mango producers have been selected randomly from the four kebele administrations proportionally. Both qualitative and quantitative types of data were used. Sample households were used as source of the primary data used for the study. Both close ended and open ended (semi-structured) questionnaire was prepared to collect the data. Personal interview, focus group discussion and group discussions was used to capture adequate data. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Multivariate probit model was used to identify factors affecting market outlet choices of the smallholder mango producers.
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2015
The overall objective of this research was to increase better understand of the challenges that i... more The overall objective of this research was to increase better understand of the challenges that influence highland bamboo culm supply in Dawuro zone with the specific objectives of mapping highland bamboo culm marketing channels of the study districts and analyzing determinants of highland bamboo culms supply. Data were generated by individual interview and group discussions by using questionnaires and checklists. This was supplemented by secondary data collected from different published and unpublished sources. Multistage sampling technique was applied. Sample of 109 bamboo producers and 34 traders and 2 small and medium bamboo culm processors were main sources of primary data. Descriptive statistics and econometric analysis were employed. Producers, traders (collectors and wholesalers) and bamboo handicraftsmen are chain actors in study areas. Bamboo producers supplied (348,940 culms) to different buyers in 2015 production year. Since there is heteroscedasticity problem in the dat...
This study examined the status and determinants of rural households' food security in Shashe... more This study examined the status and determinants of rural households' food security in Shashemene district of Oromia regional state, in Ethiopia. Both primary data and secondary were used for the study. The study was based on the survey of a total of 100 households randomly selected using a three-stage sampling technique. Analytical tools used include descriptive statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) and logit model. The findings from head count ratio computed by FGT model revealed that about 36 and 64 % households in Shashemene district were food insecure and food secure respectively. The depth of food insecurity and severity were 12.38 and 7.35-%, respectively. Logit model analysis result showed that factors such as, family size, cultivated land size, total farm income, off-farm income and livestock ownership of households were significant influence household food security status. The findings suggest the following set of policy recommendation. Identifying and understanding...
International Journal of Agricultural Science, Research and Technology in Extension and Education Systems, 2012
This study examined the status and determinants of rural households’ food security in Moyale dist... more This study examined the status and determinants of rural households’ food security in Moyale district of pastoral area, Oromia regional state, in Ethiopia. Both secondary and primary data were used for the study. The study was based on the survey of a total of 100 farmers randomly selected using a three-stage sampling technique. Analytical tools used include descriptive statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) model and logit model. The findings revealed that about 49.5% and 50.5% of pastoral households were food insecure and food secure respectively. Logit model analysis result showed total farm income, off-farm income and livestock holding households were the major factors positively and significantly influence food security status. However, family size negatively affects household food security in the study area. The findings suggest the following set of policy recommendation. Identifying and understanding factors that are responsible for household food security status and its de...
Zelalem Fikadu, Amsalu Mitiku, Guta Regasa 1Lecturer at Assosa University, College of Agriculture... more Zelalem Fikadu, Amsalu Mitiku, Guta Regasa 1Lecturer at Assosa University, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Department of Agricultural Economics, P. O. Box 18, Assosa, Ethiopia. 2Associate Professor at Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Agricultural Economics and Agri-business Management, P. O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia. 3Assistant Professor at Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, P. O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Anchote is one of the root crops grown in southwestern parts of Ethiopia. Even though market part... more Anchote is one of the root crops grown in southwestern parts of Ethiopia. Even though market participation has got a due attention by government, smallholder farmers' participation in fair market is still below the requirements. This study aims to identify determinants of smallholder anchote farmers' market participation decision and their level of participation. Both primary and secondary data were collected from 162 randomly selected anchote farmers. Descriptive statistics and heckman two stage models were used to analyze the data. The econometric model result revealed that decision of anchote market participation were significantly determined by quantity of anchote produced, access to extension service, age of household head, ownership of transportation facilities and lagged price. On the other hand, the extent of anchote market participation were significantly determined by sex of household head, quantity of anchote produced, access to market information, income from other crops and family size. Therefore, enhancing farmers' access to market information, boosting the production and productivity of anchote through better extension services and infrastructures, awareness creation on gender balanced market engagement and improvement in transportation facilities are the critical points that should get policy attentions in the study area.
This study examined the status and determinants of rural households' food security in Moyale ... more This study examined the status and determinants of rural households' food security in Moyale district of pastoral area, Oromia regional state, in Ethiopia. Both secondary and primary data were used for the study. The study was based on the survey of a total of 100 farmers randomly selected using a three-stage sampling technique. Analytical tools used include descriptive statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) model and logit model. The findings revealed that about 49.5% and 50.5% of pastoral households were food insecure and food secure respectively. Logit model analysis result showed total farm income, off-farm income and livestock holding households were the major factors positively and significantly influence food security status. However, family size negatively affects household food security in the study area. The findings suggest the following set of policy recommendation. Identifying and understanding factors that are responsible for household food security status and it...
African mountains are characterized by high levels of biodiversity and provide ecosystem services... more African mountains are characterized by high levels of biodiversity and provide ecosystem services to millions of people. Due to steep environmental gradients, growing human populations and geographical isolation, these coupled socioecological systems are highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. The capacity of local stakeholders to anticipate future changes and to assess their potential impacts is paramount for enhancing adaptation and resilience. Here we apply a participatory scenario development framework in two parts of the Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Hotspot: Taita Hills in Kenya and Jimma rural area in Ethiopia. In each area, we facilitated local stakeholders in envisioning adaptation scenarios under projected climate changes by mid-21st century, and assessed the potential impacts of these pathways on land use and land cover. In the Taita Hills, under a business-as-usual scenario, human population and activities concentrate at high elevation, triggering cascade effects on remnant forest cover, biodiversity and ecosystem services. Alternative adaptation scenarios envisage reforestation associated with either improved agricultural practices or ecosystem restoration. In the Jimma area, rising temperatures are expected to disrupt traditional coffee production under a business-as-usual scenario, resulting in the loss of coffee-forest canopies and reduction of forest-dependent biodiversity. Alternative adaptation scenarios envisage either expansion of commercial coffee plantations or expansion of agroforestry, including traditional coffee farming. In the both Taita and Jimma, adaptation pathways present trade-offs between provisioning, supporting and regulating services, and between livelihoods and biodiversity conservation. Our findings encourage the use of multidisciplinary, bottom-up approaches for developing locally tailored, climate-smart and sustainable adaptation pathways.
Anchote is one of the root crops grown in southwestern parts of Ethiopia. Even though market part... more Anchote is one of the root crops grown in southwestern parts of Ethiopia. Even though market participation has got a due attention by government, smallholder farmers’ participation in fair market is still below the requirements. This study aims to identify determinants of smallholder anchote farmers’ market participation decision and their level of participation. Both primary and secondary data were collected from 162 randomly selected anchote farmers. Descriptive statistics and heckman two stage models were used to analyze the data. The econometric model result revealed that decision of anchote market participation were significantly determined by quantity of anchote produced, access to extension service, age of household head, ownership of transportation facilities and lagged price. On the other hand, the extent of anchote market participation were significantly determined by sex of household head, quantity of anchote produced, access to market information, income from other crop...
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