The construction and real estate sectors exert significant environmental, economic, and social im... more The construction and real estate sectors exert significant environmental, economic, and social impacts. The implementation of environmentally friendly practices in construction offers numerous advantages. Sustainable building practices provide a morally and economically viable solution to address the issues of excessive resource consumption and adverse environmental effects. This chapter investigates the intricate interplay between eco-friendly construction and property development, exploring how integrating urban planning, architectural design, and sustainability principles can shape sustainable building practices, market trends, and future development strategies. Sustainable architecture aims to enhance individuals' quality of life while minimizing harm to the natural world. The influence of such practices on real estate development manifests in cost savings, increased property values, and a growing demand from buyers, as extensively examined in this article. Furthermore, potential regulations, financing, and technology obstacles are thoroughly analyzed. The report substantiates its claims by presenting real-world examples of sustainable techniques applied in real estate markets. Drawing from existing patterns and emerging methodologies, the paper also forecasts the future implications of sustainable built environments on real estate development. In conclusion, the chapter emphasizes that real estate developers must adapt to evolving sustainability requirements to fulfill their environmental responsibilities and meet consumer expectations.
Bricks are the most frequent ceramic product and may be found in antique and modern structures. T... more Bricks are the most frequent ceramic product and may be found in antique and modern structures. Together with stone and concrete, they are among the most used building materials [1]. Reading through history, we may see that throughout the Stone Age, cave dwellers erected structures for a variety of reasons out of fragments of rocks and boulders of various shapes; Menhirs, dolmens, and cromlechs have survived to this day-stone constructs used for religious purposes. Dwellings and fortresses were constructed from unhewn natural stone, the shards of which were piled on each other without any order. Brick is a common antique building material that has been used from ancient times, such as in Egypt's ancient dwellings, Rome's Colosseum, and many sections of China's Great Wall. One of the earliest construction materials is brick [2]. It was utilized in Mycenaean civilization, ancient Greece, Rome, Central America, and other ancient constructions. The oldest, used in prehistoric times, is dry masonry of irregularly shaped stones. Soil is a natural building material that can be seen everywhere, and it also has its unique style in traditional architecture. Like wood, stone has been the primary building material since ancient times. It has been used as a construction material since prehistoric times. The actual art of brickmaking may be observed in the great range of textures and surface treatments, which constitute a distinctive mark of each maker. Brick is now employed for resistant buildings, regular internal walls, interior or outside surface decorating, pavement, and even modern art installations. No other building feature provides as many opportunities for producing one-of-a-kind architectural effects. The most ancient type of bricks in the Western Hemisphere is a type of bricks as adobe [3]. Nicolas Durand et al. affirm that the precipitation of calcium carbonate is common in soils and regoliths, especially in soils of arid environments [4]. At the same time, calcareous porous clay can be found in dry regions worldwide but is mainly mined in Latin America, Mexico, and the southern United States are all included. Manzanilla et al. argue that the ancient Aztec tribe built the Pyramid of the Sun out of adobe in the fifteenth century and that it still stands today. In contrast to modern brick, ancient brick was square and flat (sides 30-60 cm, thickness 3-9 cm) [5]. There are generally two types of masonry: brick and stone masonry. Brick masonry: a type of masonry that uses bricks. However, masonry is further divided into "clay work," which uses clay to fill various joints with bricks to build walls, and "cement masonry," the cheapest type of masonry.
Sustainable innovation entails realizing society-oriented value creation in an environment-friend... more Sustainable innovation entails realizing society-oriented value creation in an environment-friendly manner. A smart city can be viewed as a holistic paradigm that avails of state-of-the-art information and communication technologies (ICTs, in other words) to advance the so-called “Internet of Things.” This aids the management of urban processes and improves the quality of life for the citizens. Smart cities are bound to keep getting “smarter” as the ICTs keep developing. While the technological factor represented by the IoT, augmented and virtual reality, artificial intelligence, urban digital twinning, cloud computing, and mobile Internet is a driving factor unarguably, innovation in urban ecology is a vital socio-economic factor that will spur the transformation of urban areas in the world to smart cities. In this chapter, the authors answer the “what,” how, and “who,” so to say, of the paradigm—smart cities—with real-life examples and a case study. They emphasize the importance o...
He followed a postdoctoral research in 2004 on the sustainable and bioclimatic houses, from the S... more He followed a postdoctoral research in 2004 on the sustainable and bioclimatic houses, from the School of Architecture in Aarhus, Denmark. Dr. Almusaed has more than 26 years of experience in sustainability in architecture and landscape with innovative orientation. He has carried out lots of research and technical survey work and has performed several studies, in the area mentioned above. He is an active member of many international architectural associations. He published many papers, articles, researches, and books, in different languages. Dr. Asaad Almssad was born on January 15, 1967. He holds a PhD degree in Civil Engineering from the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Agricultural Construction, Bucharest, Romania. Almssad has more than 27 years of experience in sustainable building and civil engineering. From 1989 until now, he was employed in many institutes and universities. Now, he is an associate professor in Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden. He has authored or coauthored more than 30 research papers and many books, in different languages. Contents Preface XI Section Ecological Insulation Materials 1
The process of combining various parts to create a structure is called building. The most effecti... more The process of combining various parts to create a structure is called building. The most effective and significant component of any construction is masonry. The Colosseum, buildings from ancient Greece and Rome, Central American buildings, and Mycenaean structures all used this material as one of their primary building elements. The oldest form is dry masonry of irregularly shaped stones. The ecological qualities of masonry, as a restorative material with a low impact on the environment, as well as the environmental control capacity of the massive wall, bring masonry back to attention as a suitable material for sustainable building in the context of current concerns for sustainable architecture. This article takes the form of a review of the journey of masonry as the primary construction material—from prehistoric structures to modern-day edifices. This article will go through the fundamentals of masonry construction to support its usage in structures throughout history and in many ...
The pressing concern of climate change and the imperative to mitigate CO2 emissions have signific... more The pressing concern of climate change and the imperative to mitigate CO2 emissions have significantly influenced the selection of outdoor plant species. Consequently, evaluating CO2’s environmental effects on plants has become integral to the decision-making process. Notably, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from buildings is significant in tackling the consequences of climate change and addressing energy deficiencies. This article presents a novel approach by introducing plant panels as an integral component in future building designs, epitomizing the next generation of sustainable structures and offering a new and sustainable building solution. The integration of environmentally friendly building materials enhances buildings’ indoor environments. Consequently, it becomes crucial to analyze manufacturing processes in order to reduce energy consumption, minimize waste generation, and incorporate green technologies. In this context, experimentation was conducted on six distin...
Artificial Intelligence (AI) simulation models and digital twins (DT) are used in designing and t... more Artificial Intelligence (AI) simulation models and digital twins (DT) are used in designing and treating the activities, layout, and functions for the new generation of buildings to enhance user experience and optimize building performance. These models use data about a building’s use, configuration, functions, and environment to simulate different design options and predict their effects on house function efficiency, comfort, and safety. On the one hand, AI algorithms are used to analyze this data and find patterns and trends that can guide the design process. On the other hand, DTs are digital recreations of actual structures that can replicate building performance in real time. These models would evaluate alternative design options, the performance of the building, and ways to improve user comfort and building efficiency. This study examined the important role of intelligent building design aspects, such as activities using multi-layout and the creation of particular functions ba...
The Construction 5.0 paradigm is the next phase in industrial development that aims to combine th... more The Construction 5.0 paradigm is the next phase in industrial development that aims to combine the skills of human experts in partnership with efficient and precise machines to achieve production solutions that are resource-efficient and preferred by clients. This study reviewed the evolution of the Construction 5.0 paradigm by defining its features and diverse nature. It introduced the architecture, model, and system of Construction 5.0 and its key enablers: Operator 5.0, Society 5.0, human-centricity, sustainability, and resilience. The study used the SEM method to evaluate the research model and investigate the causal relationships among the key enablers of the Construction 5.0 paradigm. Nine vital hypotheses were proposed and assessed comprehensively. The critical enablers’ variables were measured to examine the constructs’ reliability and validity. The key findings showed that Construction 5.0 prioritizes collaboration between humans and machines, merges cyberspace with physica...
Hybrid learning is a complex combination of face-to-face and online learning. This model combines... more Hybrid learning is a complex combination of face-to-face and online learning. This model combines the use of multimedia materials with traditional classroom work. Virtual hybrid learning is employed alongside face-to-face methods. That aims to investigate using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to increase student engagement in hybrid learning settings. Educators are confronted with contemporary issues in maintaining their students’ interest and motivation as the popularity of online and hybrid education continues to grow, where many educational institutions are adopting this model due to its flexibility, student-teacher engagement, and peer-to-peer interaction. AI will help students communicate, collaborate, and receive real-time feedback, all of which are challenges in education. This article examines the advantages and disadvantages of hybrid education and the optimal approaches for incorporating Artificial Intelligence (AI) in educational settings. The research findings suggest that ...
The normal development of “smart buildings,” which calls for integrating sensors, rich data, and ... more The normal development of “smart buildings,” which calls for integrating sensors, rich data, and artificial intelligence (AI) simulation models, promises to usher in a new era of architectural concepts. AI simulation models can improve home functions and users’ comfort and significantly cut energy consumption through better control, increased reliability, and automation. This article highlights the potential of using artificial intelligence (AI) models to improve the design and functionality of smart houses, especially in implementing living spaces. This case study provides examples of how artificial intelligence can be embedded in smart homes to improve user experience and optimize energy efficiency. Next, the article will explore and thoroughly analyze the thorough analysis of current research on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in smart homes using a variety of innovative ideas, including smart interior design and a Smart Building System Framework based on digit...
Landscape Architecture - The Sense of Places, Models and Applications, 2018
Landscape architecture is a multidisciplinary of different fields of knowledge that combines vari... more Landscape architecture is a multidisciplinary of different fields of knowledge that combines various artistic, technical, and scientific sphere aspects such as visual arts, design, descriptive geometry, history and architecture theory, urbanism, fundamental notions of botany, pedagogy, hydrology, sociology, economics, and so on. It supports a clear combination between designing and managing according to certain principles and techniques of external functional spaces in which human activities will take place, where the activity of the landscape architect addresses both urban and rural environments, irrespective of its jurisdiction (private or public). The landscape painter deals with both small-scale projects (landscaping and landscaping, etc.) and large-scale projects (urban design, parks, etc.). Among the activities, it includes many extra areas such as gardens, terraces, green/brown roofs, vertical gardens, parks, urban squares, green strips and street alignments, protection plantations, university campuses, botanical and zoological gardens, cemeteries, residential complexes, design urban, and so on. Over time, the range of plants has widened, and gardens are beginning to have ornamental and recreational characters, offering shades and coolness. In the orient, due to the warm climate and torrential summers as well as extensive desert and arid lands, the gardens were regarded as true oases of coolness, relaxations, rests, and pleasure. The creation of these gardens required the creation of water supply and irrigation systems, being stimulated by the development of architecture by creating palaces, temples, and sumptuous residences. The orient gardens were synonymous with the notion of Paradise or Heaven on earth, being, in fact, privileged places that offered pleasure and relaxation through the greenery and the shade offered by the numerous woody species, the aromas of the various aromatic species, or the cooling of the water in the form of waterfalls or ponds. The concept of landscape architecture is involved in open spaces surrounded by fences and also by open spaces without any fence or
Wood Industry - Past, Present and Future Outlook [Working Title]
At the time of writing, energy-saving and eco-friendly building materials have gained acceptance,... more At the time of writing, energy-saving and eco-friendly building materials have gained acceptance, recognition, and a strong foothold in the construction sector. There is an appreciable degree of congruence in the development of green buildings and bio-based building materials, making it imperative to promote and sustain the application of such materials. Wood is endowed with a host of favorable properties sought after in a building material—its organic warmth, softness, ability to control indoor moisture levels and act as a good insulator, malleability, and workability, to name a few. Wooden buildings blend perfectly into the surrounding landscapes much better than their counterparts. It facilitates design for lightweight and strength, is a renewable resource, and accords stability and seismic resistance to structures. The focus of this chapter is on wooden skyscrapers which promise to be a greener and eco-friendlier option vis-à-vis the conventional concrete high-rises.
To understand the school’s role in society and its works, it became essential to reevaluate its f... more To understand the school’s role in society and its works, it became essential to reevaluate its functions and importance for society after the aggressive attack of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, a new educational space design represents a powerful and required tool for stimulating creativity and increasing concentration, motivation, and assimilation of knowledge for future generations. The article will use appreciative inquiry as a method that works with perspective ideas readings doted by high positive human sensitivity. It also represents a powerful tool for the students’ opinions about the teaching spaces and environments. To improve the performance of educational institutions and schools, considering the sustainability concepts and biophilic designs has become an urgent necessity within the Scandinavian countries and in the world in general. The scientific research and theoretical analysis within the biophilic theory have been conducted to see how the designer can integrate the na...
Human has developed a board rang of passive cooling techniques in various parts of the world up t... more Human has developed a board rang of passive cooling techniques in various parts of the world up to a very impressive level of maturity: cliff dwellings through the world (ground cooling), wind towers (convective and mass cooling), sprinkling water with fountains (evaporative cooling), and whitewash (sun protection). All these cooling techniques were based on careful design in which heat and mass transfer principles did not make use of any mechanical energy: they were totally passive. The concept of evaporative cooling is that when water evaporates it absorbs a large quantity of heat from its surroundings. Evaporation occurs at whatever time the vapor pressure of water is lesser that the water vapor in the surrounding atmosphere. The phase change of water from liquid to the vapor state is accompanied by the release of a large quantity of sensible heat from the air that lowers the temperature of air while its moisture comfortable increases. The most familiar example of this is the coo...
The construction and real estate sectors exert significant environmental, economic, and social im... more The construction and real estate sectors exert significant environmental, economic, and social impacts. The implementation of environmentally friendly practices in construction offers numerous advantages. Sustainable building practices provide a morally and economically viable solution to address the issues of excessive resource consumption and adverse environmental effects. This chapter investigates the intricate interplay between eco-friendly construction and property development, exploring how integrating urban planning, architectural design, and sustainability principles can shape sustainable building practices, market trends, and future development strategies. Sustainable architecture aims to enhance individuals' quality of life while minimizing harm to the natural world. The influence of such practices on real estate development manifests in cost savings, increased property values, and a growing demand from buyers, as extensively examined in this article. Furthermore, potential regulations, financing, and technology obstacles are thoroughly analyzed. The report substantiates its claims by presenting real-world examples of sustainable techniques applied in real estate markets. Drawing from existing patterns and emerging methodologies, the paper also forecasts the future implications of sustainable built environments on real estate development. In conclusion, the chapter emphasizes that real estate developers must adapt to evolving sustainability requirements to fulfill their environmental responsibilities and meet consumer expectations.
Bricks are the most frequent ceramic product and may be found in antique and modern structures. T... more Bricks are the most frequent ceramic product and may be found in antique and modern structures. Together with stone and concrete, they are among the most used building materials [1]. Reading through history, we may see that throughout the Stone Age, cave dwellers erected structures for a variety of reasons out of fragments of rocks and boulders of various shapes; Menhirs, dolmens, and cromlechs have survived to this day-stone constructs used for religious purposes. Dwellings and fortresses were constructed from unhewn natural stone, the shards of which were piled on each other without any order. Brick is a common antique building material that has been used from ancient times, such as in Egypt's ancient dwellings, Rome's Colosseum, and many sections of China's Great Wall. One of the earliest construction materials is brick [2]. It was utilized in Mycenaean civilization, ancient Greece, Rome, Central America, and other ancient constructions. The oldest, used in prehistoric times, is dry masonry of irregularly shaped stones. Soil is a natural building material that can be seen everywhere, and it also has its unique style in traditional architecture. Like wood, stone has been the primary building material since ancient times. It has been used as a construction material since prehistoric times. The actual art of brickmaking may be observed in the great range of textures and surface treatments, which constitute a distinctive mark of each maker. Brick is now employed for resistant buildings, regular internal walls, interior or outside surface decorating, pavement, and even modern art installations. No other building feature provides as many opportunities for producing one-of-a-kind architectural effects. The most ancient type of bricks in the Western Hemisphere is a type of bricks as adobe [3]. Nicolas Durand et al. affirm that the precipitation of calcium carbonate is common in soils and regoliths, especially in soils of arid environments [4]. At the same time, calcareous porous clay can be found in dry regions worldwide but is mainly mined in Latin America, Mexico, and the southern United States are all included. Manzanilla et al. argue that the ancient Aztec tribe built the Pyramid of the Sun out of adobe in the fifteenth century and that it still stands today. In contrast to modern brick, ancient brick was square and flat (sides 30-60 cm, thickness 3-9 cm) [5]. There are generally two types of masonry: brick and stone masonry. Brick masonry: a type of masonry that uses bricks. However, masonry is further divided into "clay work," which uses clay to fill various joints with bricks to build walls, and "cement masonry," the cheapest type of masonry.
Sustainable innovation entails realizing society-oriented value creation in an environment-friend... more Sustainable innovation entails realizing society-oriented value creation in an environment-friendly manner. A smart city can be viewed as a holistic paradigm that avails of state-of-the-art information and communication technologies (ICTs, in other words) to advance the so-called “Internet of Things.” This aids the management of urban processes and improves the quality of life for the citizens. Smart cities are bound to keep getting “smarter” as the ICTs keep developing. While the technological factor represented by the IoT, augmented and virtual reality, artificial intelligence, urban digital twinning, cloud computing, and mobile Internet is a driving factor unarguably, innovation in urban ecology is a vital socio-economic factor that will spur the transformation of urban areas in the world to smart cities. In this chapter, the authors answer the “what,” how, and “who,” so to say, of the paradigm—smart cities—with real-life examples and a case study. They emphasize the importance o...
He followed a postdoctoral research in 2004 on the sustainable and bioclimatic houses, from the S... more He followed a postdoctoral research in 2004 on the sustainable and bioclimatic houses, from the School of Architecture in Aarhus, Denmark. Dr. Almusaed has more than 26 years of experience in sustainability in architecture and landscape with innovative orientation. He has carried out lots of research and technical survey work and has performed several studies, in the area mentioned above. He is an active member of many international architectural associations. He published many papers, articles, researches, and books, in different languages. Dr. Asaad Almssad was born on January 15, 1967. He holds a PhD degree in Civil Engineering from the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Agricultural Construction, Bucharest, Romania. Almssad has more than 27 years of experience in sustainable building and civil engineering. From 1989 until now, he was employed in many institutes and universities. Now, he is an associate professor in Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden. He has authored or coauthored more than 30 research papers and many books, in different languages. Contents Preface XI Section Ecological Insulation Materials 1
The process of combining various parts to create a structure is called building. The most effecti... more The process of combining various parts to create a structure is called building. The most effective and significant component of any construction is masonry. The Colosseum, buildings from ancient Greece and Rome, Central American buildings, and Mycenaean structures all used this material as one of their primary building elements. The oldest form is dry masonry of irregularly shaped stones. The ecological qualities of masonry, as a restorative material with a low impact on the environment, as well as the environmental control capacity of the massive wall, bring masonry back to attention as a suitable material for sustainable building in the context of current concerns for sustainable architecture. This article takes the form of a review of the journey of masonry as the primary construction material—from prehistoric structures to modern-day edifices. This article will go through the fundamentals of masonry construction to support its usage in structures throughout history and in many ...
The pressing concern of climate change and the imperative to mitigate CO2 emissions have signific... more The pressing concern of climate change and the imperative to mitigate CO2 emissions have significantly influenced the selection of outdoor plant species. Consequently, evaluating CO2’s environmental effects on plants has become integral to the decision-making process. Notably, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from buildings is significant in tackling the consequences of climate change and addressing energy deficiencies. This article presents a novel approach by introducing plant panels as an integral component in future building designs, epitomizing the next generation of sustainable structures and offering a new and sustainable building solution. The integration of environmentally friendly building materials enhances buildings’ indoor environments. Consequently, it becomes crucial to analyze manufacturing processes in order to reduce energy consumption, minimize waste generation, and incorporate green technologies. In this context, experimentation was conducted on six distin...
Artificial Intelligence (AI) simulation models and digital twins (DT) are used in designing and t... more Artificial Intelligence (AI) simulation models and digital twins (DT) are used in designing and treating the activities, layout, and functions for the new generation of buildings to enhance user experience and optimize building performance. These models use data about a building’s use, configuration, functions, and environment to simulate different design options and predict their effects on house function efficiency, comfort, and safety. On the one hand, AI algorithms are used to analyze this data and find patterns and trends that can guide the design process. On the other hand, DTs are digital recreations of actual structures that can replicate building performance in real time. These models would evaluate alternative design options, the performance of the building, and ways to improve user comfort and building efficiency. This study examined the important role of intelligent building design aspects, such as activities using multi-layout and the creation of particular functions ba...
The Construction 5.0 paradigm is the next phase in industrial development that aims to combine th... more The Construction 5.0 paradigm is the next phase in industrial development that aims to combine the skills of human experts in partnership with efficient and precise machines to achieve production solutions that are resource-efficient and preferred by clients. This study reviewed the evolution of the Construction 5.0 paradigm by defining its features and diverse nature. It introduced the architecture, model, and system of Construction 5.0 and its key enablers: Operator 5.0, Society 5.0, human-centricity, sustainability, and resilience. The study used the SEM method to evaluate the research model and investigate the causal relationships among the key enablers of the Construction 5.0 paradigm. Nine vital hypotheses were proposed and assessed comprehensively. The critical enablers’ variables were measured to examine the constructs’ reliability and validity. The key findings showed that Construction 5.0 prioritizes collaboration between humans and machines, merges cyberspace with physica...
Hybrid learning is a complex combination of face-to-face and online learning. This model combines... more Hybrid learning is a complex combination of face-to-face and online learning. This model combines the use of multimedia materials with traditional classroom work. Virtual hybrid learning is employed alongside face-to-face methods. That aims to investigate using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to increase student engagement in hybrid learning settings. Educators are confronted with contemporary issues in maintaining their students’ interest and motivation as the popularity of online and hybrid education continues to grow, where many educational institutions are adopting this model due to its flexibility, student-teacher engagement, and peer-to-peer interaction. AI will help students communicate, collaborate, and receive real-time feedback, all of which are challenges in education. This article examines the advantages and disadvantages of hybrid education and the optimal approaches for incorporating Artificial Intelligence (AI) in educational settings. The research findings suggest that ...
The normal development of “smart buildings,” which calls for integrating sensors, rich data, and ... more The normal development of “smart buildings,” which calls for integrating sensors, rich data, and artificial intelligence (AI) simulation models, promises to usher in a new era of architectural concepts. AI simulation models can improve home functions and users’ comfort and significantly cut energy consumption through better control, increased reliability, and automation. This article highlights the potential of using artificial intelligence (AI) models to improve the design and functionality of smart houses, especially in implementing living spaces. This case study provides examples of how artificial intelligence can be embedded in smart homes to improve user experience and optimize energy efficiency. Next, the article will explore and thoroughly analyze the thorough analysis of current research on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in smart homes using a variety of innovative ideas, including smart interior design and a Smart Building System Framework based on digit...
Landscape Architecture - The Sense of Places, Models and Applications, 2018
Landscape architecture is a multidisciplinary of different fields of knowledge that combines vari... more Landscape architecture is a multidisciplinary of different fields of knowledge that combines various artistic, technical, and scientific sphere aspects such as visual arts, design, descriptive geometry, history and architecture theory, urbanism, fundamental notions of botany, pedagogy, hydrology, sociology, economics, and so on. It supports a clear combination between designing and managing according to certain principles and techniques of external functional spaces in which human activities will take place, where the activity of the landscape architect addresses both urban and rural environments, irrespective of its jurisdiction (private or public). The landscape painter deals with both small-scale projects (landscaping and landscaping, etc.) and large-scale projects (urban design, parks, etc.). Among the activities, it includes many extra areas such as gardens, terraces, green/brown roofs, vertical gardens, parks, urban squares, green strips and street alignments, protection plantations, university campuses, botanical and zoological gardens, cemeteries, residential complexes, design urban, and so on. Over time, the range of plants has widened, and gardens are beginning to have ornamental and recreational characters, offering shades and coolness. In the orient, due to the warm climate and torrential summers as well as extensive desert and arid lands, the gardens were regarded as true oases of coolness, relaxations, rests, and pleasure. The creation of these gardens required the creation of water supply and irrigation systems, being stimulated by the development of architecture by creating palaces, temples, and sumptuous residences. The orient gardens were synonymous with the notion of Paradise or Heaven on earth, being, in fact, privileged places that offered pleasure and relaxation through the greenery and the shade offered by the numerous woody species, the aromas of the various aromatic species, or the cooling of the water in the form of waterfalls or ponds. The concept of landscape architecture is involved in open spaces surrounded by fences and also by open spaces without any fence or
Wood Industry - Past, Present and Future Outlook [Working Title]
At the time of writing, energy-saving and eco-friendly building materials have gained acceptance,... more At the time of writing, energy-saving and eco-friendly building materials have gained acceptance, recognition, and a strong foothold in the construction sector. There is an appreciable degree of congruence in the development of green buildings and bio-based building materials, making it imperative to promote and sustain the application of such materials. Wood is endowed with a host of favorable properties sought after in a building material—its organic warmth, softness, ability to control indoor moisture levels and act as a good insulator, malleability, and workability, to name a few. Wooden buildings blend perfectly into the surrounding landscapes much better than their counterparts. It facilitates design for lightweight and strength, is a renewable resource, and accords stability and seismic resistance to structures. The focus of this chapter is on wooden skyscrapers which promise to be a greener and eco-friendlier option vis-à-vis the conventional concrete high-rises.
To understand the school’s role in society and its works, it became essential to reevaluate its f... more To understand the school’s role in society and its works, it became essential to reevaluate its functions and importance for society after the aggressive attack of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, a new educational space design represents a powerful and required tool for stimulating creativity and increasing concentration, motivation, and assimilation of knowledge for future generations. The article will use appreciative inquiry as a method that works with perspective ideas readings doted by high positive human sensitivity. It also represents a powerful tool for the students’ opinions about the teaching spaces and environments. To improve the performance of educational institutions and schools, considering the sustainability concepts and biophilic designs has become an urgent necessity within the Scandinavian countries and in the world in general. The scientific research and theoretical analysis within the biophilic theory have been conducted to see how the designer can integrate the na...
Human has developed a board rang of passive cooling techniques in various parts of the world up t... more Human has developed a board rang of passive cooling techniques in various parts of the world up to a very impressive level of maturity: cliff dwellings through the world (ground cooling), wind towers (convective and mass cooling), sprinkling water with fountains (evaporative cooling), and whitewash (sun protection). All these cooling techniques were based on careful design in which heat and mass transfer principles did not make use of any mechanical energy: they were totally passive. The concept of evaporative cooling is that when water evaporates it absorbs a large quantity of heat from its surroundings. Evaporation occurs at whatever time the vapor pressure of water is lesser that the water vapor in the surrounding atmosphere. The phase change of water from liquid to the vapor state is accompanied by the release of a large quantity of sensible heat from the air that lowers the temperature of air while its moisture comfortable increases. The most familiar example of this is the coo...
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Papers by Amjad Almusaed