Recently, for the first time a hydrate clathrate was discovered with hydrogen. Aside from the gre... more Recently, for the first time a hydrate clathrate was discovered with hydrogen. Aside from the great technological promise that is inherent in storing hydrogen at high density at modest pressures, there is great scientific interest as this would constitute the first hydrate clathrate with multiple guest molecules per cage. The multiple cage occupancy is controversial, and reproducibility of the experiments has been questioned. Therefore, in this study we try to illucidate the remarkable stability of the hydrogen hydrate clathrate, and determine the thermodynamically most favored cage occupancy using highly accurate ab initio computer simulations in a parameter survey. To carry out these extraordinary demanding computations a distributed ab initio code has been developed using the SuperSINET with the Information Technology Based Laboratory (ITBL) software as the top-layer.
The growing sophistication in radiation treatment strategies requires the utilization of increasi... more The growing sophistication in radiation treatment strategies requires the utilization of increasingly accurate, but computationally intense, dose algorithms, such as the electron pencil-beam redefinition algorithm (PBRA). The sequential implementation of the PBRA is in production use at the MD Anderson Cancer center. The PBRA is difficult to parallelize because of the large amounts of data involved that is accessed in an irregular pattern taking varying amounts of time in each iteration. A case study of the parallelization of the PBRA code on a Beowulf cluster using PVM and PThreads is presented. The solution uses a non-trivial way of exchanging minimal amount of data between processes to allow a natural partitioning to work. Multi-threading is used to cut down on the communication times between CPUs in the same box. Finally, an adaptive load-balancing technique is used to further improve the speedup.
14th IEEE Proceedings on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2003. PIMRC 2003.
The current IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN (WLAN) sys-'l'lir work icpoilrd in illis paper was supponed ... more The current IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN (WLAN) sys-'l'lir work icpoilrd in illis paper was supponed 111 pal? by AFOSR under Giant NO. 1~~0~~2 o~o o-1-0~~7 alld oAKi'A llnder us AFRL contract ~3~j 0 2. 0 1. 0 2 .
Implant design may affect risk of fracture, especially in the proximal femur, which has been show... more Implant design may affect risk of fracture, especially in the proximal femur, which has been shown to have the highest risk of implant-related fracture (IRF). Blade plate (BPL) and screw-side plate (SSP) implants are used to stabilize proximal femoral osteotomies (PFOs). Our goal was to compare BPL and SSP constructs with regard to the rate, location, and timing of IRF in children undergoing PFOs. We retrospectively reviewed clinical and radiographic records from 1 pediatric orthopaedic practice from 1995 through 2010. We identified 734 children 18 years or younger who underwent PFO with a BPL (480 patients) or an SSP (254 patients). Manufacture and style of implants were consistent throughout this period. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of mean age, sex, race, or diagnosis. The 2 groups were compared with respect to the rate, location, and timing of IRF. The t, Z, χ, and Fisher exact tests were used to analyze the data (statistical significance, ...
Excipient Development for Pharmaceutical, Biotechnology, and Drug Delivery Systems, 2006
Page 272. 15 Synergistic Combinations of Penetration Enhancers and Their Discovery by High-Throug... more Page 272. 15 Synergistic Combinations of Penetration Enhancers and Their Discovery by High-Throughput Screening Pankaj Karande, Amit Jain, and Samir Mitragotri Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara ... Ranade V. Drug delivery systems ...
Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders, 2014
A 52-year-old patient presented with chronic substernal chest pain 18 months following exclusion ... more A 52-year-old patient presented with chronic substernal chest pain 18 months following exclusion of an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter with a self-expanding IVC stent. After a thorough work-up revealed no other possible cause of chest pain, the filter and stent were removed with subsequent resolution of chest pain. Intraoperatively, filter struts were found to have penetrated the posteromedial wall of the IVC and were abutting the periaortic neural plexus. Referred chest pain due to strut penetration of the caval wall is a novel complication of both IVC filters and IVC stents, demonstrating a need for continued surveillance.
Double volume (170 ml/kg body weight) exchange transfusion was done in 52 term infants in the fir... more Double volume (170 ml/kg body weight) exchange transfusion was done in 52 term infants in the first week of life for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The M:F ratio was 1.08:1 and 37 (71.1%) babies were of low birth weight. Causes of jaundice were hemolytic in 46.2% and non-hemolytic in 41.3% cases; in 13.5% babies no cause of jaundice could be found. After exchange transfusion a fall of 14.6% and 47.4% was observed in the hemoglobin and serum bilirubin levels respectively. There was significant (p=0.0414) rise in the mean mid exchange and post-exchange serum sodium levels as compared to pre-exchange values and it was found to be due to higher donor's serum sodium levels (p=0.007). There was no effect on the serum potassium levels during or after ET. In general serum calcium levels significantly increased at mid-exchange period (p=0.0029) but post-exchange levels were same as pre-exchange. Donor's serum calcium level had no effect on the infant's serum calcium level (p=0.993). There was no change in the serum phosphate and blood urea levels during and after exchange-transfusion. The plasma glucose was significantly raised during and after ET and plasma glucose of the donors had significant effect on the infant's plasma glucose levels (p=0.043). Similarly plasma osmolality also showed significant increase during and after ET which was due to the effect of donor's plasma osmolality (p=0.007).
Proceedings - Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, Jan 6, 2013
The detectors that are used for endovascular image-guided interventions (EIGI), particularly for ... more The detectors that are used for endovascular image-guided interventions (EIGI), particularly for neurovascular interventions, do not provide clinicians with adequate visualization to ensure the best possible treatment outcomes. Developing an improved x-ray imaging detector requires the determination of estimated clinical x-ray entrance exposures to the detector. The range of exposures to the detector in clinical studies was found for the three modes of operation: fluoroscopic mode, high frame-rate digital angiographic mode (HD fluoroscopic mode), and DSA mode. Using these estimated detector exposure ranges and available CMOS detector technical specifications, design requirements were developed to pursue a quantum limited, high resolution, dynamic x-ray detector based on a CMOS sensor with 50 μm pixel size. For the proposed MAF-CMOS, the estimated charge collected within the full exposure range was found to be within the estimated full well capacity of the pixels. Expected instrument...
Renal malperfusion associated with renal artery dissection can present as either an isolated dise... more Renal malperfusion associated with renal artery dissection can present as either an isolated disease process or in the setting of branch vessel stenosis complicating aortic dissection. Isolated renal artery dissection is a rare disorder, the clinical presentation of which often presents both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The true incidence and natural history of this phenomenon also remain unclear. Multiple approaches to management have been described. Medical therapy typically consists of anticoagulation and blood pressure management and is reserved for cases with well-controlled symptoms and blood pressure and preserved, stable renal function. Historically, surgical reconstruction with in situ or more complex ex vivo reconstruction has been described for the treatment of uncontrolled hypertension with preservation of renal perfusion. Nephrectomy, either partial or total, for control of hypertension, is reserved for cases where parenchymal injury necessitates this radical ...
Proceedings - Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, Jan 19, 2014
Focal spot size is one of the crucial factors that affect the image quality of any x-ray imaging ... more Focal spot size is one of the crucial factors that affect the image quality of any x-ray imaging system. It is, therefore, important to measure the focal spot size accurately. In the past, pinhole and slit measurements of x-ray focal spots were obtained using direct exposure film. At present, digital detectors are replacing film in medical imaging so that, although focal spot measurements can be made quickly with such detectors, one must be careful to account for the generally poorer spatial resolution of the detector and the limited usable magnification. For this study, the focal spots of a diagnostic x-ray tube were measured with a 10-μm pinhole using a 194-μm pixel flat panel detector (FPD). The two-dimensional MTF, measured with the Noise Response (NR) Method was used for the correction for the detector blurring. The resulting focal spot sizes based on the FWTM (Full Width at Tenth Maxima) were compared with those obtained with a very high resolution detector with 8-μm pixels. T...
Medical students participating in a fitness intervention showed significant improvements in level... more Medical students participating in a fitness intervention showed significant improvements in levels of physical activity and irritability as measured by validated scoring methods, whereas control group students did not change along these measures during the same time period. & This collaborative fitness intervention, which both made exercising easier through planned events and fostered competition across teams of students, achieved its goals in promoting selfcare during a demanding time for medical students. & Future work may determine whether such a personal commitment to exercise can be sustained over time and the effect that this may have on students' ability to care empathically for patients.
Endoscopic brush cytology (EBC) was performed in antral and duodenal brushings of children subjec... more Endoscopic brush cytology (EBC) was performed in antral and duodenal brushings of children subjected to upper GI endoscopy for the detection of H. pylori (Hp) and trophozoites of Giardia lamblia (Glt) in addition to routine endoscopic grasp biopsy (EGB). It was hospital based prospective study. EBC was performed in children subjected to upper GI endoscopy with a sheathed cytology brush. Mucosal brushings were collected from antrum, body of the stomach and second or third part of duodenum by gently rubbing the surface of the brush with the mucosal wall in all the directions, brush withdrawn and brushings performed on a glass slide. The smears were placed in 95% ethyl alcohol and later examined for Glt and Hp using Giemsa and Hematoxylin & Eosin stain. EGB was taken from antrum, body of the stomach and duodenum from sites other than those used for brushings. One hundred and seventy children between 1-13 years (median age = 5 years) were subjected to upper GI endoscopy for malabsorption (n = 94), recurrent abdominal pain (n = 49), failure to thrive (n = 16) and recurrent vomiting/regurgitation (n = 11) and EBC was performed in addition to routine EGB. Thirty five children (20.4%) were colonized by Hp, 14 (8.2%) were detected to have Glt and in 6 cases (3.5%) both Hp as well as Glt were detected. Out of 41 cases colonized by Hp, 24 cases (58.5%) were detected by EGB and 27 cases (65.8%) were detected by EBC. Out of 20 children in whom Glt were detected from their duodenum, the detection was by EBG in 12 cases (60%) and by EBC in as many as 19 cases (95%). Comparison of EGB and EBC suggested that detection rates with EBC were higher than EGB. Detection by EBC was significantly higher for Glt than Hp. There were no complications attributed to EBC and procedure time for endoscopy was not significantly prolonged. On the contrary, detection of Hp and particularly Glt in higher proportion of cases with the help of EBC was helpful in their appropriate management. Our results suggest that EBC is a safe and useful tool to enhance the value of diagnostic endoscopic procedure when used in combination with routine EGB.
TENCON 2008 - 2008 IEEE Region 10 Conference, 2008
The paper presents the structure and usage mode for an integrated fault-diagnosis and control sys... more The paper presents the structure and usage mode for an integrated fault-diagnosis and control system for transformers. The fault diagnosis and control system allows online analysis on a desktop application, a web application and offline analysis for determining the transformer faults and remedies based on certain symptoms observed on the equipment and their comparison with the survey results of Cooling system condition, Bushing condition, Insulation system condition, Partial discharge evolution, Transformer switching in/switching off, exceeding of monitored parameter limits and estimation of remained life, the data of which is continuously updated into the database of the existing system. The proposed FDC system uses a Web based Expert System Architecture which has been proven as an effective platform for diagnostic and control applications of transformers. Conventional expert systems [1] are PC based and are not of much use where the expertise is required over a large network. The advent of the internet has strongly influenced modern power systems. A web based expert system [2] with knowledge base and database connectivity is a novel architecture and is an apt solution for both on-line and off-line applications. The purpose of this work is to develop a web based expert system shell and then use it for the fault diagnosis and control (FDC) [3] of transformers either off-line (on a stand alone system) or on-line through the internet with the facility of on-line up gradation of data related to periodic monitoring and maintenance of transformers. The proposed system goes beyond imitation of expertoperators' knowledge, being able to inference fault scenarios using both knowledge base and database of the required equipment with no limitation to the number of pieces of equipment being handled. It is easier, flexible, and more user friendly. It can be used for both stand-alone (off-line) and Webbased (on-line) applications.
2009 International Conference on Power Systems, 2009
Heat dissipation is always a problem in large power transformers. Increased market competency dem... more Heat dissipation is always a problem in large power transformers. Increased market competency demands for accurate determination of the thermal profile across the transformer. This paper presents a thermal model to simulate the thermal behavior of the electrical utility transformers. The thermal model is arrived at using the principle of thermal electrical analogy and the fact that the losses in the transformer are distributed rather than lumped. In this paper, the model is implemented for single phase transformer and the same model can be extended to three phase transformer. Simulation results are presented.
Fixed functional appliances have become an integral part of the contemporary orthodontic armament... more Fixed functional appliances have become an integral part of the contemporary orthodontic armamentarium. As with any other appliances, they may also break during the course of orthodontic therapy. Replacement of the same is expensive and also requires a large inventory. An innovative low cost option with minimal increase in inventory is described in this article.
Proceedings of the 15th ACM Great Lakes symposium on VLSI - GLSVSLI '05, 2005
ABSTRACT In this paper, we have modelled the flip-flop clock to output delay dependency on the da... more ABSTRACT In this paper, we have modelled the flip-flop clock to output delay dependency on the data arrival time and introduced this phe-nomenon in timing analysis. Traditionally, finding the minimum clock period of a flip-flop based sequential design was based on the ...
The vital need of studying the toxicological profile of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has emerged from ... more The vital need of studying the toxicological profile of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has emerged from the rapidly enhancing utility of CNTs in the field of nanobiology and drug delivery. This review highlights the vivid aspect of CNTs' toxicity comprising of in-vitro to in-vivo toxicological profile vis-à-vis the various potential routes of CNTs exposure. The article also underlines the various surface modifications on carbon nanotubes and its role in imparting biocompatibility to the CNTs, further suggesting their utility as a safer delivery module for bioactives.
Forty children aged between 3 months and 3 years (median age 14 months) with persistent respirato... more Forty children aged between 3 months and 3 years (median age 14 months) with persistent respiratory symptoms beyond 4 weeks or recurrence of respiratory symptoms were investigated for gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Diagnostic tests included upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, oesophageal biopsy, gastroesophageal scintiscan and 24 h ambulatory oesophageal pH monitoring. GER was detected in 14 (35 per cent) of these patients; which included 38 per cent of the enrolled cases of recurrent bronchopneumonia, 40 per cent cases of reactive airway disease, and 22 per cent cases of persistent cough. Amongst the cases detected to have GER, the age of onset of respiratory symptoms was less than 1 year in 86 per cent of cases (p < 0.01), nocturnal symptoms of cough and wheeze were reported in 78 per cent (p < 0.05), and 86 per cent cases did not present with typical gastrointestinal symptoms (p < 0.01). Family history of asthma was absent in all cases of GERrelated reactive airway disease (p < 0.01). Cases detected to have GER were followed for 3-6 months after starting anti-reflux therapy. A significant (p < 0.01) decrease was noticed in the number of further episodes in children with GER-related recurrent bronchopneumonia and reactive airway disease after starting anti-reflux therapy. Improvement was also noticed in nocturnal symptoms and nutritional status after anti-reflux therapy was started. Our results suggest that GER may be one of the possible contributing factors in any child with recurrent and persistent respiratory complaints. Early diagnosis and anti-reflux therapy in cases with GER-related respiratory complaints can result in significant improvement in symptoms.
Recently, for the first time a hydrate clathrate was discovered with hydrogen. Aside from the gre... more Recently, for the first time a hydrate clathrate was discovered with hydrogen. Aside from the great technological promise that is inherent in storing hydrogen at high density at modest pressures, there is great scientific interest as this would constitute the first hydrate clathrate with multiple guest molecules per cage. The multiple cage occupancy is controversial, and reproducibility of the experiments has been questioned. Therefore, in this study we try to illucidate the remarkable stability of the hydrogen hydrate clathrate, and determine the thermodynamically most favored cage occupancy using highly accurate ab initio computer simulations in a parameter survey. To carry out these extraordinary demanding computations a distributed ab initio code has been developed using the SuperSINET with the Information Technology Based Laboratory (ITBL) software as the top-layer.
The growing sophistication in radiation treatment strategies requires the utilization of increasi... more The growing sophistication in radiation treatment strategies requires the utilization of increasingly accurate, but computationally intense, dose algorithms, such as the electron pencil-beam redefinition algorithm (PBRA). The sequential implementation of the PBRA is in production use at the MD Anderson Cancer center. The PBRA is difficult to parallelize because of the large amounts of data involved that is accessed in an irregular pattern taking varying amounts of time in each iteration. A case study of the parallelization of the PBRA code on a Beowulf cluster using PVM and PThreads is presented. The solution uses a non-trivial way of exchanging minimal amount of data between processes to allow a natural partitioning to work. Multi-threading is used to cut down on the communication times between CPUs in the same box. Finally, an adaptive load-balancing technique is used to further improve the speedup.
14th IEEE Proceedings on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2003. PIMRC 2003.
The current IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN (WLAN) sys-'l'lir work icpoilrd in illis paper was supponed ... more The current IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN (WLAN) sys-'l'lir work icpoilrd in illis paper was supponed 111 pal? by AFOSR under Giant NO. 1~~0~~2 o~o o-1-0~~7 alld oAKi'A llnder us AFRL contract ~3~j 0 2. 0 1. 0 2 .
Implant design may affect risk of fracture, especially in the proximal femur, which has been show... more Implant design may affect risk of fracture, especially in the proximal femur, which has been shown to have the highest risk of implant-related fracture (IRF). Blade plate (BPL) and screw-side plate (SSP) implants are used to stabilize proximal femoral osteotomies (PFOs). Our goal was to compare BPL and SSP constructs with regard to the rate, location, and timing of IRF in children undergoing PFOs. We retrospectively reviewed clinical and radiographic records from 1 pediatric orthopaedic practice from 1995 through 2010. We identified 734 children 18 years or younger who underwent PFO with a BPL (480 patients) or an SSP (254 patients). Manufacture and style of implants were consistent throughout this period. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of mean age, sex, race, or diagnosis. The 2 groups were compared with respect to the rate, location, and timing of IRF. The t, Z, χ, and Fisher exact tests were used to analyze the data (statistical significance, ...
Excipient Development for Pharmaceutical, Biotechnology, and Drug Delivery Systems, 2006
Page 272. 15 Synergistic Combinations of Penetration Enhancers and Their Discovery by High-Throug... more Page 272. 15 Synergistic Combinations of Penetration Enhancers and Their Discovery by High-Throughput Screening Pankaj Karande, Amit Jain, and Samir Mitragotri Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara ... Ranade V. Drug delivery systems ...
Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders, 2014
A 52-year-old patient presented with chronic substernal chest pain 18 months following exclusion ... more A 52-year-old patient presented with chronic substernal chest pain 18 months following exclusion of an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter with a self-expanding IVC stent. After a thorough work-up revealed no other possible cause of chest pain, the filter and stent were removed with subsequent resolution of chest pain. Intraoperatively, filter struts were found to have penetrated the posteromedial wall of the IVC and were abutting the periaortic neural plexus. Referred chest pain due to strut penetration of the caval wall is a novel complication of both IVC filters and IVC stents, demonstrating a need for continued surveillance.
Double volume (170 ml/kg body weight) exchange transfusion was done in 52 term infants in the fir... more Double volume (170 ml/kg body weight) exchange transfusion was done in 52 term infants in the first week of life for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The M:F ratio was 1.08:1 and 37 (71.1%) babies were of low birth weight. Causes of jaundice were hemolytic in 46.2% and non-hemolytic in 41.3% cases; in 13.5% babies no cause of jaundice could be found. After exchange transfusion a fall of 14.6% and 47.4% was observed in the hemoglobin and serum bilirubin levels respectively. There was significant (p=0.0414) rise in the mean mid exchange and post-exchange serum sodium levels as compared to pre-exchange values and it was found to be due to higher donor's serum sodium levels (p=0.007). There was no effect on the serum potassium levels during or after ET. In general serum calcium levels significantly increased at mid-exchange period (p=0.0029) but post-exchange levels were same as pre-exchange. Donor's serum calcium level had no effect on the infant's serum calcium level (p=0.993). There was no change in the serum phosphate and blood urea levels during and after exchange-transfusion. The plasma glucose was significantly raised during and after ET and plasma glucose of the donors had significant effect on the infant's plasma glucose levels (p=0.043). Similarly plasma osmolality also showed significant increase during and after ET which was due to the effect of donor's plasma osmolality (p=0.007).
Proceedings - Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, Jan 6, 2013
The detectors that are used for endovascular image-guided interventions (EIGI), particularly for ... more The detectors that are used for endovascular image-guided interventions (EIGI), particularly for neurovascular interventions, do not provide clinicians with adequate visualization to ensure the best possible treatment outcomes. Developing an improved x-ray imaging detector requires the determination of estimated clinical x-ray entrance exposures to the detector. The range of exposures to the detector in clinical studies was found for the three modes of operation: fluoroscopic mode, high frame-rate digital angiographic mode (HD fluoroscopic mode), and DSA mode. Using these estimated detector exposure ranges and available CMOS detector technical specifications, design requirements were developed to pursue a quantum limited, high resolution, dynamic x-ray detector based on a CMOS sensor with 50 μm pixel size. For the proposed MAF-CMOS, the estimated charge collected within the full exposure range was found to be within the estimated full well capacity of the pixels. Expected instrument...
Renal malperfusion associated with renal artery dissection can present as either an isolated dise... more Renal malperfusion associated with renal artery dissection can present as either an isolated disease process or in the setting of branch vessel stenosis complicating aortic dissection. Isolated renal artery dissection is a rare disorder, the clinical presentation of which often presents both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The true incidence and natural history of this phenomenon also remain unclear. Multiple approaches to management have been described. Medical therapy typically consists of anticoagulation and blood pressure management and is reserved for cases with well-controlled symptoms and blood pressure and preserved, stable renal function. Historically, surgical reconstruction with in situ or more complex ex vivo reconstruction has been described for the treatment of uncontrolled hypertension with preservation of renal perfusion. Nephrectomy, either partial or total, for control of hypertension, is reserved for cases where parenchymal injury necessitates this radical ...
Proceedings - Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, Jan 19, 2014
Focal spot size is one of the crucial factors that affect the image quality of any x-ray imaging ... more Focal spot size is one of the crucial factors that affect the image quality of any x-ray imaging system. It is, therefore, important to measure the focal spot size accurately. In the past, pinhole and slit measurements of x-ray focal spots were obtained using direct exposure film. At present, digital detectors are replacing film in medical imaging so that, although focal spot measurements can be made quickly with such detectors, one must be careful to account for the generally poorer spatial resolution of the detector and the limited usable magnification. For this study, the focal spots of a diagnostic x-ray tube were measured with a 10-μm pinhole using a 194-μm pixel flat panel detector (FPD). The two-dimensional MTF, measured with the Noise Response (NR) Method was used for the correction for the detector blurring. The resulting focal spot sizes based on the FWTM (Full Width at Tenth Maxima) were compared with those obtained with a very high resolution detector with 8-μm pixels. T...
Medical students participating in a fitness intervention showed significant improvements in level... more Medical students participating in a fitness intervention showed significant improvements in levels of physical activity and irritability as measured by validated scoring methods, whereas control group students did not change along these measures during the same time period. & This collaborative fitness intervention, which both made exercising easier through planned events and fostered competition across teams of students, achieved its goals in promoting selfcare during a demanding time for medical students. & Future work may determine whether such a personal commitment to exercise can be sustained over time and the effect that this may have on students' ability to care empathically for patients.
Endoscopic brush cytology (EBC) was performed in antral and duodenal brushings of children subjec... more Endoscopic brush cytology (EBC) was performed in antral and duodenal brushings of children subjected to upper GI endoscopy for the detection of H. pylori (Hp) and trophozoites of Giardia lamblia (Glt) in addition to routine endoscopic grasp biopsy (EGB). It was hospital based prospective study. EBC was performed in children subjected to upper GI endoscopy with a sheathed cytology brush. Mucosal brushings were collected from antrum, body of the stomach and second or third part of duodenum by gently rubbing the surface of the brush with the mucosal wall in all the directions, brush withdrawn and brushings performed on a glass slide. The smears were placed in 95% ethyl alcohol and later examined for Glt and Hp using Giemsa and Hematoxylin &amp;amp;amp; Eosin stain. EGB was taken from antrum, body of the stomach and duodenum from sites other than those used for brushings. One hundred and seventy children between 1-13 years (median age = 5 years) were subjected to upper GI endoscopy for malabsorption (n = 94), recurrent abdominal pain (n = 49), failure to thrive (n = 16) and recurrent vomiting/regurgitation (n = 11) and EBC was performed in addition to routine EGB. Thirty five children (20.4%) were colonized by Hp, 14 (8.2%) were detected to have Glt and in 6 cases (3.5%) both Hp as well as Glt were detected. Out of 41 cases colonized by Hp, 24 cases (58.5%) were detected by EGB and 27 cases (65.8%) were detected by EBC. Out of 20 children in whom Glt were detected from their duodenum, the detection was by EBG in 12 cases (60%) and by EBC in as many as 19 cases (95%). Comparison of EGB and EBC suggested that detection rates with EBC were higher than EGB. Detection by EBC was significantly higher for Glt than Hp. There were no complications attributed to EBC and procedure time for endoscopy was not significantly prolonged. On the contrary, detection of Hp and particularly Glt in higher proportion of cases with the help of EBC was helpful in their appropriate management. Our results suggest that EBC is a safe and useful tool to enhance the value of diagnostic endoscopic procedure when used in combination with routine EGB.
TENCON 2008 - 2008 IEEE Region 10 Conference, 2008
The paper presents the structure and usage mode for an integrated fault-diagnosis and control sys... more The paper presents the structure and usage mode for an integrated fault-diagnosis and control system for transformers. The fault diagnosis and control system allows online analysis on a desktop application, a web application and offline analysis for determining the transformer faults and remedies based on certain symptoms observed on the equipment and their comparison with the survey results of Cooling system condition, Bushing condition, Insulation system condition, Partial discharge evolution, Transformer switching in/switching off, exceeding of monitored parameter limits and estimation of remained life, the data of which is continuously updated into the database of the existing system. The proposed FDC system uses a Web based Expert System Architecture which has been proven as an effective platform for diagnostic and control applications of transformers. Conventional expert systems [1] are PC based and are not of much use where the expertise is required over a large network. The advent of the internet has strongly influenced modern power systems. A web based expert system [2] with knowledge base and database connectivity is a novel architecture and is an apt solution for both on-line and off-line applications. The purpose of this work is to develop a web based expert system shell and then use it for the fault diagnosis and control (FDC) [3] of transformers either off-line (on a stand alone system) or on-line through the internet with the facility of on-line up gradation of data related to periodic monitoring and maintenance of transformers. The proposed system goes beyond imitation of expertoperators' knowledge, being able to inference fault scenarios using both knowledge base and database of the required equipment with no limitation to the number of pieces of equipment being handled. It is easier, flexible, and more user friendly. It can be used for both stand-alone (off-line) and Webbased (on-line) applications.
2009 International Conference on Power Systems, 2009
Heat dissipation is always a problem in large power transformers. Increased market competency dem... more Heat dissipation is always a problem in large power transformers. Increased market competency demands for accurate determination of the thermal profile across the transformer. This paper presents a thermal model to simulate the thermal behavior of the electrical utility transformers. The thermal model is arrived at using the principle of thermal electrical analogy and the fact that the losses in the transformer are distributed rather than lumped. In this paper, the model is implemented for single phase transformer and the same model can be extended to three phase transformer. Simulation results are presented.
Fixed functional appliances have become an integral part of the contemporary orthodontic armament... more Fixed functional appliances have become an integral part of the contemporary orthodontic armamentarium. As with any other appliances, they may also break during the course of orthodontic therapy. Replacement of the same is expensive and also requires a large inventory. An innovative low cost option with minimal increase in inventory is described in this article.
Proceedings of the 15th ACM Great Lakes symposium on VLSI - GLSVSLI '05, 2005
ABSTRACT In this paper, we have modelled the flip-flop clock to output delay dependency on the da... more ABSTRACT In this paper, we have modelled the flip-flop clock to output delay dependency on the data arrival time and introduced this phe-nomenon in timing analysis. Traditionally, finding the minimum clock period of a flip-flop based sequential design was based on the ...
The vital need of studying the toxicological profile of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has emerged from ... more The vital need of studying the toxicological profile of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has emerged from the rapidly enhancing utility of CNTs in the field of nanobiology and drug delivery. This review highlights the vivid aspect of CNTs' toxicity comprising of in-vitro to in-vivo toxicological profile vis-à-vis the various potential routes of CNTs exposure. The article also underlines the various surface modifications on carbon nanotubes and its role in imparting biocompatibility to the CNTs, further suggesting their utility as a safer delivery module for bioactives.
Forty children aged between 3 months and 3 years (median age 14 months) with persistent respirato... more Forty children aged between 3 months and 3 years (median age 14 months) with persistent respiratory symptoms beyond 4 weeks or recurrence of respiratory symptoms were investigated for gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Diagnostic tests included upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, oesophageal biopsy, gastroesophageal scintiscan and 24 h ambulatory oesophageal pH monitoring. GER was detected in 14 (35 per cent) of these patients; which included 38 per cent of the enrolled cases of recurrent bronchopneumonia, 40 per cent cases of reactive airway disease, and 22 per cent cases of persistent cough. Amongst the cases detected to have GER, the age of onset of respiratory symptoms was less than 1 year in 86 per cent of cases (p < 0.01), nocturnal symptoms of cough and wheeze were reported in 78 per cent (p < 0.05), and 86 per cent cases did not present with typical gastrointestinal symptoms (p < 0.01). Family history of asthma was absent in all cases of GERrelated reactive airway disease (p < 0.01). Cases detected to have GER were followed for 3-6 months after starting anti-reflux therapy. A significant (p < 0.01) decrease was noticed in the number of further episodes in children with GER-related recurrent bronchopneumonia and reactive airway disease after starting anti-reflux therapy. Improvement was also noticed in nocturnal symptoms and nutritional status after anti-reflux therapy was started. Our results suggest that GER may be one of the possible contributing factors in any child with recurrent and persistent respiratory complaints. Early diagnosis and anti-reflux therapy in cases with GER-related respiratory complaints can result in significant improvement in symptoms.
Uploads
Papers by Amit Jain