Glass samples with composition of xLi2CO3-(100-x) H3BO3, with 10 ≤x ≤ 25 were prepared by melt-qu... more Glass samples with composition of xLi2CO3-(100-x) H3BO3, with 10 ≤x ≤ 25 were prepared by melt-quenching technique. The amorphous structure, sample morphology and thermoluminescence (TL) properties of the prepared samples were determined using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometer, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and TLD reader, respectively. The samples were irradiated to Co-60 gamma source. The FE-SEM results show that the morphology of the prepared samples was in homogenous and transmitted surface. Furthermore the amorphous phase was confirmed by XRDanalysis. It was also found that the composition of Li2CO3 and H3CO3 affected the TL response and the highest TL response was observed for the sample with composition 15 mol % Li2BO3 and 85 mol % of H3CO3after being irradiated to 10 Gy gamma ray. The sensitivity of this sample was of about 138.306 nC g-1 Gy-1 .
The effect of sodium as a co-dopant on the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of copperdoped zinc... more The effect of sodium as a co-dopant on the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of copperdoped zinc lithium borate (ZLB:Cu) subjected to Co-60 gamma radiation is reported in this study. TL intensity is enhanced with the introduction of sodium in ZLB:Cu. The obtained glow curve is simple with a single peak. The annealing procedure and the best heating rate for the proposed thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) are established, and the phosphor is reusable. The TL response within the dose range of 0.5-1000 Gy is investigated. The results show that the thermal fading behaviour is improved significantly.
Zinc Lithium Borate glasses of different composition were prepared with the aim of using it for t... more Zinc Lithium Borate glasses of different composition were prepared with the aim of using it for thermoluminescence dosimetry. Melt quenching method was adopted in this process. Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy techniques were employed to investigate the infrared spectra and energy band gap of different composition of Zinc Lithium Borate glasses. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to confirm the amorphous nature of the glass samples. Glass forming ability and stability of the glass was checked using Differential thermal analysis (DTA). Density, molar volume, refractive index parameters have been analyzed in the light of different concentration of the modifier. The active vibrational modes of 1200–1600 cm−1 for B-O stretching of BO3 units, 800–1200 cm−1 for B-O stretching of BO4 units and 400–800 cm−1 for bending vibration of various borate segments were detected. Addition of ZnO to lithium borate shows its influence in converting the dominant BO3 group to BO4 group. BO4 are known for creating complex defects, a situation that established deep and stable traps good for thermoluminescence phenomena. From optical data, direct and indirect energy band gap has been calculated using the data obtained from UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy. Both direct and indirect band gaps decrease with the increase of modifier Li2CO3.
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors are widely explored due their ultra-sensitivity to even a... more Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors are widely explored due their ultra-sensitivity to even a minute alteration of refractive index. Knowledge of adsorption processes could be exploited to explain the performance and interaction mechanism of an SPR sensor. Here in, we report the fitting of the experimental SPR sensing data during the detection of low concentrations of acetone vapour (0.5-5 ppm) using the linearized and non-linearized format of the Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherm models. The sensing layer is made from a ternary composite material of doped polyaniline, reduced graphene oxide and chitosan. The objective is to find the best model, understand the interaction mechanism and investigate the performance of the sensing layer. Correlation factors and error values were used to determine the best fit. The results showed that the Freundlich model could fit the data better than the two formats of the Langmuir model. Also, the interaction mechanism was predicted to be the physical one due to the heterogeneity parameter value, n<1. In addition, the selectivity of the sensing toward acetone compared to water, methanol, ethanol and propanol vapours was explained in terms of proximity of solubility parameters. Moreover, the ternary based sensor was found to be reversible and stable.
PANI/chitosan composite and a ternary composite comprising of PANI, chitosan, and reduced graphen... more PANI/chitosan composite and a ternary composite comprising of PANI, chitosan, and reduced graphene oxide have been successfully synthesised and characterised using FTIR and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Optical constants of the composites were extracted from the UV-VIS spectra. The extracted parameters were applied in the simulation of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor functionalised with PANI/chitosan and ternary composites. The aim was to explore the applicability of the composite-based SPR sensor in the detection of low-concentration acetone vapour within the range of 1.8 ppm-5.0 ppm for diabetes monitoring and screening. The functionalization of the SPR sensor with the PANI/chitosan and the ternary composites shows promising application of the sensor in the detection of acetone vapour at a low concentration down to less than 0.5 ppm. The maximum sensitivity values of about 60 and 180 degree/refractive index change were observed for PANI/chitosan and ternary composite sensing layers, respectively, in comparison with the bare gold-based SPR which shows no response up to 10 ppm concentration of acetone vapour in air. In addition, the two sensing layers show good selectivity to acetone vapour compared to ethanol, methanol, and ammonia. The response in the case of ternary composite shows better linearity with a correlation coefficient of 1.0 compared to PANI/chitosan-and gold-based SPR layers with 0.9999 and 0.9997, respectively.
Establishing the basic procedures that will influence the enhancement of the TL yield of a phosph... more Establishing the basic procedures that will influence the enhancement of the TL yield of a phosphor is paramount in the issue of dosimetry. Melt quenching method was adopted in synthesizing lithium borate glass modified with ZnO, doped with CuO and codoped with Na 2 O. The structural and optical properties of zinc lithium borate and some TL properties of copper doped zinc lithium borate were reported in our previous works. The amorphous nature of the prepared glasses was confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Physical properties of the glass were obtained via Archimedes principle. The copper doped zinc lithium borate was co-doped with different concentration of Na 2 O (0.025 mol % to 0.1 mol %). The glasses were irradiated with 4 Gy dose of gamma rays using 60 Co gamma cell. The highest TL response was recorded against 0.05 mol% concentration of Na 2 O. The best settings for TLD reading of the proposed TLD were determined. The optimal annealing temperature and time for this composition was found to be 300 o C and 50 min respectively. The best heating rate at which the new TLD can be readout was 3 o C S-1 .
The absorption coefficient of Borates glass is much closed to human body tissue. This fact makes ... more The absorption coefficient of Borates glass is much closed to human body tissue. This fact makes borates as an ideal material for thermoluminescence material either for medical or environmental application. In this study, a glass system of 15% Li2CO3+ 85% H3BO3 doped with 0.1mol %nano-gold was prepared by using melt-quenching technique. Undoped and Au doped lithium borate glass samples were exposed to Co-60 gamma ray (1.25 MeV) with various doses ranging from 10 to 60 Gy by using Gammacell 220 excel. Various TL properties such as TL glow curve, linearity and sensitivity of the prepared glass were investigated. From the TL glow curve, it was found that the TL intensity increased by addition of Au into the glass system. The TL intensity of Au doped glass increases about 23 times higher than the undoped glass. The study also shows that the doped borate glass has a linear response subjected to Co-60 gamma irradiation at doses ranging from 10 to 60 Gy. The sensitivity of doped glass is about 22 times higher compared to un-doped glass.
International Journal of Modern Physics B, Sep 14, 2017
The photoluminescence, optical and physical properties of sodium borate (NB) doped with different... more The photoluminescence, optical and physical properties of sodium borate (NB) doped with different concentrations of Dy[Formula: see text] were determined and well discussed. The samples were prepared by the melt-quenching technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Photoluminescence and absorption spectra of NB glasses doped with different concentrations of Dy[Formula: see text] are reported. Ten absorption bands with hypersensitive transition at 1272 nm ([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]) and two emission bands for the transitions at [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] (blue color) and [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] (yellow color) with an excitation of 330 nm have been recorded. A series of considerable physical properties (oscillator strengths, refractive index, ions concentration, polaron radius) was calculated for each dopant concentration.
Radon in borehole water serves as a source of natural radioactivity exposure through indoor air. ... more Radon in borehole water serves as a source of natural radioactivity exposure through indoor air. Determination of naturally occurring radionuclides concentration in ground and surface waters is useful as a contribution to environmental health studies. In this research, statistical analysis of radon concentration in (borehole) water was conducted in Katsina state. The aim of this study is to analyse statistically the concentration of radon in borehole water in Katsina state and to establish a possible relationship between radon activity concentration in borehole water and underlying rock types. A total of 110 water samples were collected and analysed using Tri-carb 1000 Liquid Scintillation Counter (LSC) at the Centre for Energy Research and Training, Ahmadu Bello University. The overall average concentration of 222Rn was found to be 69 ± 3 Bql-1 with geological formations, G8 and G7 having the highest and lowest concentrations with values of 75 ± 10 Bql-1 and 57 ± 4 Bql-1 respective...
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science
In this work, a system for the characterization of materials using transmission and scattering of... more In this work, a system for the characterization of materials using transmission and scattering of gamma rays is described and used to assess the attenuation properties of some liquid materials. The apparatus consists of a 45 mCi point source of 124Am and thin NaI (Tl) detector. Measurements are presented for sucrose solutions with densities ranging from 1 to 1.86 g/cm3. For the absorbance, the solution Z (0.66 g/cm3) with the lowest density has higher absorption with chances to attenuate more than some higher density absorber solution like the sucrose (1.37 g/cm3) while sucrose (1.86 g/cm3) solution with the highest density possessing highest absorption and attenuation capabilities. This however did not fully accord to the conformity with the theory in low-density absorber which will give rise to less attenuation than a high-density absorber since the chances of an interaction between the radiation and the atoms of the absorber are relatively lower. Consequently, the variation of th...
One of the primary goals of the World Health Organization (WHO) is for every society to have an a... more One of the primary goals of the World Health Organization (WHO) is for every society to have an adequate supply of safe drinking water. This work aimed to assess the radiological and toxicity impact of ground water of Wurno Local Government Area. Uranium activity concentration from 45 water samples collected from different locations in the study area were determined using HpGe detector, the result from the analysis was used to evaluate the annual effective dose due to ingestion of groundwater from the study area by the inhabitants. Radiological and chemical toxicity risks were also calculated. High level activity was reported in Diggim while low activity level was reported in Nassarawa-Daje. The annual effective doses for adult, children and infants were estimated to be from 0.008 mSvy-1 to 0.32 mSvy-1. The highest risk cancer mortality value was found at Diggim with a value of 4.34 × 10-4 while the lowest value was observed at Nassarawa Daje with a value of 1.17 × 10-5. Chemical...
Background: Despite the efforts to encourage the intake of nutritional supplements during antenat... more Background: Despite the efforts to encourage the intake of nutritional supplements during antenatal periods, there are still many cases of anemia and protein-energy malnutrition during pregnancy. Hence, this study determined the incidence of anemia, protein-energy malnutrition, and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Abuja, Nigeria. Materials and methods: This hospital-based, case-control study involved randomly selected 176 pregnant and nonpregnant women attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH), Gwagwalada, Nigeria. Hemoglobin and hematocrit measurements were used to determine anemia incidence, while plasma protein, zinc levels and body mass index (BMI) were used to determine energy index status. Complete blood counts were analyzed using 5 parts-automatic hemo-analyzer, while plasma protein and zinc were analyzed using calorimetric method. Anemia and protein-energy malnutrition were defined using the World Health Organization (WHO) cutoff values. Results: The mean age of participants was 28.75 ± 5.22 years. Out of 176 participants, 7 (4%) were malnourished while 25% of the participants were anemic. Anemia was significantly associated with participants' occupation (p ¼ 0.002), parity (p˂0.001) and gestational age (p˂0.001). Most hematological indices, plasma globulin, albumin, protein, and zinc levels were significantly different (p˂0.001) among non-pregnant and pregnant women of the first, second and third trimesters. Conclusion: The incidence of anemia and malnutrition was high among study participants. There is a need for improved nutritional intervention, increased awareness and strengthening of health systems in the area of maternal health in Nigeria.
Introduction: After the lead poisoning outbreak came to light in Zamfara State, Nigeria, people l... more Introduction: After the lead poisoning outbreak came to light in Zamfara State, Nigeria, people living near gold mines were worried about environmental safety, especially drinking water quality. This study examined the gross alpha and gross beta activity concentrations in groundwater in different locations of Anka, Zamfara State, Nigeria, to measure the possible radiation dose and potential health effects. Material and Methods: In this study, 32 water samples were collected from hand dug wells and boreholes in Anka, Nigeria, through stratified random sampling method. The ISO 9696 and ISO 9697 methods were adapted using Eurysis system-multiple-channel-gas-filled proportional counter to measure gross alpha and gross beta activity concentration. Results: The ranges of alpha and beta activity concentration in groundwater of the area were 0.114 to 3.698 Bq/l and 0.071 to 4.823 Bq/l with the geometric means of 0.961 Bq/l and 2.134 Bq/l, respectively. These amounts were higher than the ref...
Solar still-solar water heater hybrid for small scale application has been designed and construct... more Solar still-solar water heater hybrid for small scale application has been designed and constructed and tested in this study. The construction began with designing and developing isolated units of single-slope solar still, solar water heater and water storage tank separately. These were then coupled together to form the hybrid system. To test its efficacy, the hybrid was subjected to perform distillation alongside a conventional type single-slope solar still of the same dimensions under the same atmospheric conditions for seven days. At the end of the experimental test, it was discovered that the highest water and glass temperatures (55 and 43°C) were recorded for the hybrid still as against the conventional still with 45 and 38°C for water and glass respectively. The average daily cumulative yield of distilled water obtained from solar still-solar water heater hybrid was found to be 440 ml and that of conventional single slope solar still was 155 ml. It was concluded that the perfo...
Establishing the basic procedures that will influence the enhancement of the TL yield of a phosph... more Establishing the basic procedures that will influence the enhancement of the TL yield of a phosphor is paramount in the issue of dosimetry. Melt quenching method was adopted in synthesizing lithium borate glass modified with ZnO, doped with CuO and codoped with Na2O. The structural and optical properties of zinc lithium borate and some TL properties of copper doped zinc lithium borate were reported in our previous works. The amorphous nature of the prepared glasses was confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Physical properties of the glass were obtained via Archimedes principle. The copper doped zinc lithium borate was co-doped with different concentration of Na2O (0.025 mol % to 0.1 mol %). The glasses were irradiated with 4 Gy dose of gamma rays using 60Co gamma cell. The highest TL response was recorded against 0.05 mol% concentration of Na2O. The best settings for TLD reading of the proposed TLD were determined. The optimal annealing temperature and time for this composi...
American Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2018
The aim of this study is to determine the vehicular emission profile in the central state of nort... more The aim of this study is to determine the vehicular emission profile in the central state of north central Nigeria. Powdered active carbon was used as adsorbent in an improvised sampler for measurement of Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl benzene and Xylene (VOCs). Commercial air samplers were used for the measurement of CO, NOx, SO2 in the sampling locations. Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometer (GC-MS) revealed the presence of VOCs in carbon disulphide extracts indicating the effectiveness of the derivatization of the active carbon into canister adsorbent for sampling VOCs in ambient air. This also indicates potential of active carbon for domestication for mopping the carcinogens from the air. The vehicular emission profile indicates significant difference among the locations on the levels of CO, H2O, SO2 and O2 measured, since the Wilk’s lambda (λ)=1.622, F(36, 320)= 0.002, and its p-value (0.000) is less than 0.05 level of significance at 95% confidence interval. The Multivariate partial ...
Natural radionuclides generally represent the main source of radiation exposure to the public. In... more Natural radionuclides generally represent the main source of radiation exposure to the public. In the environment, they either arise from the direct release of Radon from ground into ambient air or through dissolution of U-and Th-series members into water. As a consequence the control of natural radionuclides in water for human consumption has become a major goal worldwide during the recent decade. Limitations were set and the need for simple and rapid procedures for their implementation becomes necessary. The simple random sampling procedure was employed to collect a total of 14 samples of sachet water in Birnin kebbi and the samples were analyzed for radioactivity content using Eurisys system-eight-channelsgas –filled proportional counters with the aim of improving the health of the people living in Nigeria particularly those who are living in Birnin Kebbi. The obtained results showed that the range of alpha activity in the sampled area is (0.006 to 0.79) Bq/L, with a geometric me...
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2019
We report the modified thermoluminescence (TL) response of a new melt-quench synthesized strontiu... more We report the modified thermoluminescence (TL) response of a new melt-quench synthesized strontium (Sr) doped lithium borate (LBSr) glass system co-doped with copper (Cu). Both Sr (0.5-2.5 mol%) and Cu (0.005-0.1 mol%) concentrations are varied to determine the optimum TL properties by exposing them to 6 and 10 MeV electrons irradiations. A single broad TL peak with the maximum peak temperature around 180-220°C is evidenced. Glass sample with 2 mol% of Sr and 0.01 mol% of Cu content revealed the optimum TL response in addition to superior linearity in the dose range of 0.5-4 Gy. The dose dependent minimum detectable dose, fading, and reproducibility are determined. Samples displayed higher sensitivity to 10 MeV electron irradiations than to 6 MeV. Furthermore, this new composition showed easy annealing, excellent reproducibility, minimal fading and obeyed second order kinetics. These attractive features make the achieved glass system prospective for radiation dosimeter fabrication.
Glass samples with composition of xLi2CO3-(100-x) H3BO3, with 10 ≤x ≤ 25 were prepared by melt-qu... more Glass samples with composition of xLi2CO3-(100-x) H3BO3, with 10 ≤x ≤ 25 were prepared by melt-quenching technique. The amorphous structure, sample morphology and thermoluminescence (TL) properties of the prepared samples were determined using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometer, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and TLD reader, respectively. The samples were irradiated to Co-60 gamma source. The FE-SEM results show that the morphology of the prepared samples was in homogenous and transmitted surface. Furthermore the amorphous phase was confirmed by XRDanalysis. It was also found that the composition of Li2CO3 and H3CO3 affected the TL response and the highest TL response was observed for the sample with composition 15 mol % Li2BO3 and 85 mol % of H3CO3after being irradiated to 10 Gy gamma ray. The sensitivity of this sample was of about 138.306 nC g-1 Gy-1 .
The effect of sodium as a co-dopant on the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of copperdoped zinc... more The effect of sodium as a co-dopant on the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of copperdoped zinc lithium borate (ZLB:Cu) subjected to Co-60 gamma radiation is reported in this study. TL intensity is enhanced with the introduction of sodium in ZLB:Cu. The obtained glow curve is simple with a single peak. The annealing procedure and the best heating rate for the proposed thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) are established, and the phosphor is reusable. The TL response within the dose range of 0.5-1000 Gy is investigated. The results show that the thermal fading behaviour is improved significantly.
Zinc Lithium Borate glasses of different composition were prepared with the aim of using it for t... more Zinc Lithium Borate glasses of different composition were prepared with the aim of using it for thermoluminescence dosimetry. Melt quenching method was adopted in this process. Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy techniques were employed to investigate the infrared spectra and energy band gap of different composition of Zinc Lithium Borate glasses. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to confirm the amorphous nature of the glass samples. Glass forming ability and stability of the glass was checked using Differential thermal analysis (DTA). Density, molar volume, refractive index parameters have been analyzed in the light of different concentration of the modifier. The active vibrational modes of 1200–1600 cm−1 for B-O stretching of BO3 units, 800–1200 cm−1 for B-O stretching of BO4 units and 400–800 cm−1 for bending vibration of various borate segments were detected. Addition of ZnO to lithium borate shows its influence in converting the dominant BO3 group to BO4 group. BO4 are known for creating complex defects, a situation that established deep and stable traps good for thermoluminescence phenomena. From optical data, direct and indirect energy band gap has been calculated using the data obtained from UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy. Both direct and indirect band gaps decrease with the increase of modifier Li2CO3.
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors are widely explored due their ultra-sensitivity to even a... more Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors are widely explored due their ultra-sensitivity to even a minute alteration of refractive index. Knowledge of adsorption processes could be exploited to explain the performance and interaction mechanism of an SPR sensor. Here in, we report the fitting of the experimental SPR sensing data during the detection of low concentrations of acetone vapour (0.5-5 ppm) using the linearized and non-linearized format of the Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherm models. The sensing layer is made from a ternary composite material of doped polyaniline, reduced graphene oxide and chitosan. The objective is to find the best model, understand the interaction mechanism and investigate the performance of the sensing layer. Correlation factors and error values were used to determine the best fit. The results showed that the Freundlich model could fit the data better than the two formats of the Langmuir model. Also, the interaction mechanism was predicted to be the physical one due to the heterogeneity parameter value, n<1. In addition, the selectivity of the sensing toward acetone compared to water, methanol, ethanol and propanol vapours was explained in terms of proximity of solubility parameters. Moreover, the ternary based sensor was found to be reversible and stable.
PANI/chitosan composite and a ternary composite comprising of PANI, chitosan, and reduced graphen... more PANI/chitosan composite and a ternary composite comprising of PANI, chitosan, and reduced graphene oxide have been successfully synthesised and characterised using FTIR and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Optical constants of the composites were extracted from the UV-VIS spectra. The extracted parameters were applied in the simulation of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor functionalised with PANI/chitosan and ternary composites. The aim was to explore the applicability of the composite-based SPR sensor in the detection of low-concentration acetone vapour within the range of 1.8 ppm-5.0 ppm for diabetes monitoring and screening. The functionalization of the SPR sensor with the PANI/chitosan and the ternary composites shows promising application of the sensor in the detection of acetone vapour at a low concentration down to less than 0.5 ppm. The maximum sensitivity values of about 60 and 180 degree/refractive index change were observed for PANI/chitosan and ternary composite sensing layers, respectively, in comparison with the bare gold-based SPR which shows no response up to 10 ppm concentration of acetone vapour in air. In addition, the two sensing layers show good selectivity to acetone vapour compared to ethanol, methanol, and ammonia. The response in the case of ternary composite shows better linearity with a correlation coefficient of 1.0 compared to PANI/chitosan-and gold-based SPR layers with 0.9999 and 0.9997, respectively.
Establishing the basic procedures that will influence the enhancement of the TL yield of a phosph... more Establishing the basic procedures that will influence the enhancement of the TL yield of a phosphor is paramount in the issue of dosimetry. Melt quenching method was adopted in synthesizing lithium borate glass modified with ZnO, doped with CuO and codoped with Na 2 O. The structural and optical properties of zinc lithium borate and some TL properties of copper doped zinc lithium borate were reported in our previous works. The amorphous nature of the prepared glasses was confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Physical properties of the glass were obtained via Archimedes principle. The copper doped zinc lithium borate was co-doped with different concentration of Na 2 O (0.025 mol % to 0.1 mol %). The glasses were irradiated with 4 Gy dose of gamma rays using 60 Co gamma cell. The highest TL response was recorded against 0.05 mol% concentration of Na 2 O. The best settings for TLD reading of the proposed TLD were determined. The optimal annealing temperature and time for this composition was found to be 300 o C and 50 min respectively. The best heating rate at which the new TLD can be readout was 3 o C S-1 .
The absorption coefficient of Borates glass is much closed to human body tissue. This fact makes ... more The absorption coefficient of Borates glass is much closed to human body tissue. This fact makes borates as an ideal material for thermoluminescence material either for medical or environmental application. In this study, a glass system of 15% Li2CO3+ 85% H3BO3 doped with 0.1mol %nano-gold was prepared by using melt-quenching technique. Undoped and Au doped lithium borate glass samples were exposed to Co-60 gamma ray (1.25 MeV) with various doses ranging from 10 to 60 Gy by using Gammacell 220 excel. Various TL properties such as TL glow curve, linearity and sensitivity of the prepared glass were investigated. From the TL glow curve, it was found that the TL intensity increased by addition of Au into the glass system. The TL intensity of Au doped glass increases about 23 times higher than the undoped glass. The study also shows that the doped borate glass has a linear response subjected to Co-60 gamma irradiation at doses ranging from 10 to 60 Gy. The sensitivity of doped glass is about 22 times higher compared to un-doped glass.
International Journal of Modern Physics B, Sep 14, 2017
The photoluminescence, optical and physical properties of sodium borate (NB) doped with different... more The photoluminescence, optical and physical properties of sodium borate (NB) doped with different concentrations of Dy[Formula: see text] were determined and well discussed. The samples were prepared by the melt-quenching technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Photoluminescence and absorption spectra of NB glasses doped with different concentrations of Dy[Formula: see text] are reported. Ten absorption bands with hypersensitive transition at 1272 nm ([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]) and two emission bands for the transitions at [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] (blue color) and [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] (yellow color) with an excitation of 330 nm have been recorded. A series of considerable physical properties (oscillator strengths, refractive index, ions concentration, polaron radius) was calculated for each dopant concentration.
Radon in borehole water serves as a source of natural radioactivity exposure through indoor air. ... more Radon in borehole water serves as a source of natural radioactivity exposure through indoor air. Determination of naturally occurring radionuclides concentration in ground and surface waters is useful as a contribution to environmental health studies. In this research, statistical analysis of radon concentration in (borehole) water was conducted in Katsina state. The aim of this study is to analyse statistically the concentration of radon in borehole water in Katsina state and to establish a possible relationship between radon activity concentration in borehole water and underlying rock types. A total of 110 water samples were collected and analysed using Tri-carb 1000 Liquid Scintillation Counter (LSC) at the Centre for Energy Research and Training, Ahmadu Bello University. The overall average concentration of 222Rn was found to be 69 ± 3 Bql-1 with geological formations, G8 and G7 having the highest and lowest concentrations with values of 75 ± 10 Bql-1 and 57 ± 4 Bql-1 respective...
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science
In this work, a system for the characterization of materials using transmission and scattering of... more In this work, a system for the characterization of materials using transmission and scattering of gamma rays is described and used to assess the attenuation properties of some liquid materials. The apparatus consists of a 45 mCi point source of 124Am and thin NaI (Tl) detector. Measurements are presented for sucrose solutions with densities ranging from 1 to 1.86 g/cm3. For the absorbance, the solution Z (0.66 g/cm3) with the lowest density has higher absorption with chances to attenuate more than some higher density absorber solution like the sucrose (1.37 g/cm3) while sucrose (1.86 g/cm3) solution with the highest density possessing highest absorption and attenuation capabilities. This however did not fully accord to the conformity with the theory in low-density absorber which will give rise to less attenuation than a high-density absorber since the chances of an interaction between the radiation and the atoms of the absorber are relatively lower. Consequently, the variation of th...
One of the primary goals of the World Health Organization (WHO) is for every society to have an a... more One of the primary goals of the World Health Organization (WHO) is for every society to have an adequate supply of safe drinking water. This work aimed to assess the radiological and toxicity impact of ground water of Wurno Local Government Area. Uranium activity concentration from 45 water samples collected from different locations in the study area were determined using HpGe detector, the result from the analysis was used to evaluate the annual effective dose due to ingestion of groundwater from the study area by the inhabitants. Radiological and chemical toxicity risks were also calculated. High level activity was reported in Diggim while low activity level was reported in Nassarawa-Daje. The annual effective doses for adult, children and infants were estimated to be from 0.008 mSvy-1 to 0.32 mSvy-1. The highest risk cancer mortality value was found at Diggim with a value of 4.34 × 10-4 while the lowest value was observed at Nassarawa Daje with a value of 1.17 × 10-5. Chemical...
Background: Despite the efforts to encourage the intake of nutritional supplements during antenat... more Background: Despite the efforts to encourage the intake of nutritional supplements during antenatal periods, there are still many cases of anemia and protein-energy malnutrition during pregnancy. Hence, this study determined the incidence of anemia, protein-energy malnutrition, and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Abuja, Nigeria. Materials and methods: This hospital-based, case-control study involved randomly selected 176 pregnant and nonpregnant women attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH), Gwagwalada, Nigeria. Hemoglobin and hematocrit measurements were used to determine anemia incidence, while plasma protein, zinc levels and body mass index (BMI) were used to determine energy index status. Complete blood counts were analyzed using 5 parts-automatic hemo-analyzer, while plasma protein and zinc were analyzed using calorimetric method. Anemia and protein-energy malnutrition were defined using the World Health Organization (WHO) cutoff values. Results: The mean age of participants was 28.75 ± 5.22 years. Out of 176 participants, 7 (4%) were malnourished while 25% of the participants were anemic. Anemia was significantly associated with participants' occupation (p ¼ 0.002), parity (p˂0.001) and gestational age (p˂0.001). Most hematological indices, plasma globulin, albumin, protein, and zinc levels were significantly different (p˂0.001) among non-pregnant and pregnant women of the first, second and third trimesters. Conclusion: The incidence of anemia and malnutrition was high among study participants. There is a need for improved nutritional intervention, increased awareness and strengthening of health systems in the area of maternal health in Nigeria.
Introduction: After the lead poisoning outbreak came to light in Zamfara State, Nigeria, people l... more Introduction: After the lead poisoning outbreak came to light in Zamfara State, Nigeria, people living near gold mines were worried about environmental safety, especially drinking water quality. This study examined the gross alpha and gross beta activity concentrations in groundwater in different locations of Anka, Zamfara State, Nigeria, to measure the possible radiation dose and potential health effects. Material and Methods: In this study, 32 water samples were collected from hand dug wells and boreholes in Anka, Nigeria, through stratified random sampling method. The ISO 9696 and ISO 9697 methods were adapted using Eurysis system-multiple-channel-gas-filled proportional counter to measure gross alpha and gross beta activity concentration. Results: The ranges of alpha and beta activity concentration in groundwater of the area were 0.114 to 3.698 Bq/l and 0.071 to 4.823 Bq/l with the geometric means of 0.961 Bq/l and 2.134 Bq/l, respectively. These amounts were higher than the ref...
Solar still-solar water heater hybrid for small scale application has been designed and construct... more Solar still-solar water heater hybrid for small scale application has been designed and constructed and tested in this study. The construction began with designing and developing isolated units of single-slope solar still, solar water heater and water storage tank separately. These were then coupled together to form the hybrid system. To test its efficacy, the hybrid was subjected to perform distillation alongside a conventional type single-slope solar still of the same dimensions under the same atmospheric conditions for seven days. At the end of the experimental test, it was discovered that the highest water and glass temperatures (55 and 43°C) were recorded for the hybrid still as against the conventional still with 45 and 38°C for water and glass respectively. The average daily cumulative yield of distilled water obtained from solar still-solar water heater hybrid was found to be 440 ml and that of conventional single slope solar still was 155 ml. It was concluded that the perfo...
Establishing the basic procedures that will influence the enhancement of the TL yield of a phosph... more Establishing the basic procedures that will influence the enhancement of the TL yield of a phosphor is paramount in the issue of dosimetry. Melt quenching method was adopted in synthesizing lithium borate glass modified with ZnO, doped with CuO and codoped with Na2O. The structural and optical properties of zinc lithium borate and some TL properties of copper doped zinc lithium borate were reported in our previous works. The amorphous nature of the prepared glasses was confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Physical properties of the glass were obtained via Archimedes principle. The copper doped zinc lithium borate was co-doped with different concentration of Na2O (0.025 mol % to 0.1 mol %). The glasses were irradiated with 4 Gy dose of gamma rays using 60Co gamma cell. The highest TL response was recorded against 0.05 mol% concentration of Na2O. The best settings for TLD reading of the proposed TLD were determined. The optimal annealing temperature and time for this composi...
American Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2018
The aim of this study is to determine the vehicular emission profile in the central state of nort... more The aim of this study is to determine the vehicular emission profile in the central state of north central Nigeria. Powdered active carbon was used as adsorbent in an improvised sampler for measurement of Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl benzene and Xylene (VOCs). Commercial air samplers were used for the measurement of CO, NOx, SO2 in the sampling locations. Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometer (GC-MS) revealed the presence of VOCs in carbon disulphide extracts indicating the effectiveness of the derivatization of the active carbon into canister adsorbent for sampling VOCs in ambient air. This also indicates potential of active carbon for domestication for mopping the carcinogens from the air. The vehicular emission profile indicates significant difference among the locations on the levels of CO, H2O, SO2 and O2 measured, since the Wilk’s lambda (λ)=1.622, F(36, 320)= 0.002, and its p-value (0.000) is less than 0.05 level of significance at 95% confidence interval. The Multivariate partial ...
Natural radionuclides generally represent the main source of radiation exposure to the public. In... more Natural radionuclides generally represent the main source of radiation exposure to the public. In the environment, they either arise from the direct release of Radon from ground into ambient air or through dissolution of U-and Th-series members into water. As a consequence the control of natural radionuclides in water for human consumption has become a major goal worldwide during the recent decade. Limitations were set and the need for simple and rapid procedures for their implementation becomes necessary. The simple random sampling procedure was employed to collect a total of 14 samples of sachet water in Birnin kebbi and the samples were analyzed for radioactivity content using Eurisys system-eight-channelsgas –filled proportional counters with the aim of improving the health of the people living in Nigeria particularly those who are living in Birnin Kebbi. The obtained results showed that the range of alpha activity in the sampled area is (0.006 to 0.79) Bq/L, with a geometric me...
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2019
We report the modified thermoluminescence (TL) response of a new melt-quench synthesized strontiu... more We report the modified thermoluminescence (TL) response of a new melt-quench synthesized strontium (Sr) doped lithium borate (LBSr) glass system co-doped with copper (Cu). Both Sr (0.5-2.5 mol%) and Cu (0.005-0.1 mol%) concentrations are varied to determine the optimum TL properties by exposing them to 6 and 10 MeV electrons irradiations. A single broad TL peak with the maximum peak temperature around 180-220°C is evidenced. Glass sample with 2 mol% of Sr and 0.01 mol% of Cu content revealed the optimum TL response in addition to superior linearity in the dose range of 0.5-4 Gy. The dose dependent minimum detectable dose, fading, and reproducibility are determined. Samples displayed higher sensitivity to 10 MeV electron irradiations than to 6 MeV. Furthermore, this new composition showed easy annealing, excellent reproducibility, minimal fading and obeyed second order kinetics. These attractive features make the achieved glass system prospective for radiation dosimeter fabrication.
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Papers by Aminu Saidu