All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any fo... more All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Background: Acute heart failure is a global health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Sho... more Background: Acute heart failure is a global health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Short term and long term prognosis of these patients is poor. Therefore, early identification of patients at high risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) during hospitalization was needed to improve outcome. Creatinine levels at admission could be used as predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events in acute heart failure patients because creatinine is a simple and routine biomarker of renal function examined in patients with acute heart failure. This study aimed to determine whether creatinine can be used as a predictor of major adverse adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute heart failure.Methods: This study is a prospective cohort study of 108 acute heart failure patients treated at H. Adam Malik Hospital from July 2018 to January 2019. Creatinine cut-off points were determined using the ROC curve, then bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed to ...
Penyebab utama MS (Mitral Stenosis) adalah RHD (Rheumatic Heart Disease). Mengingat menurunnya pr... more Penyebab utama MS (Mitral Stenosis) adalah RHD (Rheumatic Heart Disease). Mengingat menurunnya prevalensi demam rematik, MS menjadi problem yang berat pada negara barat, 12% penyakit jantung katup jantung disebabkan oleh karena imigrasi dari negara-negara berkembang 1. Demam rematik (DR) masih sering didapati pada anak-anak di negara sedang berkembang dan sering mengenai anak-anak usia antara 5-15 tahun 2. Data terakhir mengenai prevalensi demam rematik di Indonesia yaitu untuk tahun 1981-1990 didapati sebesar 0,3-0,8 diantara 1000 anak sekolah 3. Gambaran klinis MS telah berubah, sekarang ini lebih sering terjadi pada pasienpasien usia tua dengan kalsifikasi katup mitral. Pada negara-negara berkembang, RHD endemik dan MS merupakan masalah kesehatan yang utama. Sebaliknya dari semua penyakit katup (kecuali stenosis aorta, dimana percutaneous valve replacement merupakan pilihan yang penting), pembedahan bukanlah merupakan satu-satunya terapi pada MS. Sejak diperkenalkan oleh Inoe, dkk pada 1984, PMC (Percutaneous Mitral Valve Commisurotomy) telah berhasil dilakukan dan aman pada banyak pasien di beberapa sentra 4-8 dan telah dilakukan luas sebagai pilihan terapi pada pasien-pasien dengan MS dan perbaikan secara anatomis memungkinkan 9,10. Saat ini, echocardiographycardiography memainkan peranan yang penting dalam penjajakan beratnya MS dan anatominya sehingga kateterisasi jarang digunakan. Evaluasi MS harus menjawab 2 pertanyaan: apakah MS-nya berat dan apakah katupnya cocok untuk dilakukan tindakan PMC? EVALUASI KEPARAHAN MS Penatalaksanaan pasien-pasien dengan MS berdasarkan akurasi penilaian keparahan MS. MVA (Mitral Valve Area) merupakan kriteria utama, yaitu secara klinis
Background: Recent studies showed that CHA 2 DS 2-VASc-HS score can effectively predict longterm ... more Background: Recent studies showed that CHA 2 DS 2-VASc-HS score can effectively predict longterm outcome, hospitalization and severity in CAD. However,the role of this score in predicting failed reperfusion after fibrinolytic in STEMI patients has not been studied extensively. The main objective of this study was to determine whether CHA 2 DS 2-VASc-HS score can predict failed reperfusion after fibrinolytic in STEMI patients. Methods: A total of 62 patients with STEMI who undergo fibrinolytic at Haji Adam Malik Hospital since October 2017 until November 2018 were recruited in this cross sectional study. We also performed complete blood count and chest x-ray. CHA 2 DS 2-VASc-HS score was counted before the fibrinolytic started. After the fibrinolytic was done, we assessed the succesfullness with the decrease of chest pain, resolution of ST segments > 50% and aritmia reperfusion criterias. Results: The cutoff value of CHA 2 DS 2-VASc-HS score was 4 (AUC 0.928, 95% CI 0.861-0.995, p<0.05). The CHA 2 DS 2-VASc-HS score ≥ 4 group had higher incidence of failed reperfusion. CHA 2 DS 2-VASc-HS score ≥ 4 is considered to predict the incidence of failed reperfusion with a sensitivity of 91.7%, a specificity of 69.2%, NPV of 85.7% and PPV of 80.4%. Multivariate analysis also showed that CHA 2 DS 2-VASc-HS score ≥ 4 was an independent factor that could predict the occurrence of failed reperfusion (OR 23.769, p<0.001). Conclusion: CHA 2 DS 2-VASc-HS score is a simple, very useful and easy-to remember bedside score and an inexpensive indicator which can be used as a prognostic marker for failed reperfusion after fibrinolytic in STEMI. Keyword : CHA 2 DS 2-VASc-HS, fibrinolytic, STEMI.
Background: Previously conducted researches showed that presence of SEC in the left atrium can co... more Background: Previously conducted researches showed that presence of SEC in the left atrium can constitute a risk factor for thrombus formation. Some previous studies have also reported that in addition to atrial fibrillation and blood stasis in the left atrium, the pathophysiology of left atrial thrombus and SEC occurring in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis exhibits some other mechanisms, such as autoimmunity, inflammation and increased thrombotic activity. Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted between July 2015 to July 2017 in patient who admitted to Haji Adam Malik Hospital due to rheumatic mitral stenosis. They were divided into two groups according to presence of left atrial SEC. Result: From 104 patients, 52 (mean age 40 ± 11 years; 71,2% women) were in the left atrial SEC-negative group and 52 patients (mean age 40 ± 10 years; 73,1% women) were in the left atrial SEC-positive group. There were no significant differences in the leucocyte, 8,06±1,54 were in the lef...
Biodiesel from rubber seed oil (Hevea brasilliensis) can be produced through two step processes, ... more Biodiesel from rubber seed oil (Hevea brasilliensis) can be produced through two step processes, esterification and transesterification, and the objectives of this research are to know the effect of esterification reaction time on producing metal ester (biodiesel) from rubber seed oil. The method of this research is started by preparation process, including pressing and extraction of the rubber seed oil. The next step is esterification with acid catalyst (H 2 SO 4) 3 % volume from rubber seed oil used, reactants are rubber seed oil and excess methanol with ratio 1:2 at 60-65 o C for 1 hour, 2 hour and 3 hour. The processes are continued with transesterification prosess with base catalyst (KOH) 2 % weight from rubber seed oil used, reactants are rubber seed oil and excess methanol with ratio 1:2 at60-65 o C for 2 hour. The last step of this processes are yield and quality of biodiesel analysis. The results of this research shows that the maximum conversion biodiesel yield of 95% can be obtained at 3 hour of esterification reaction time.
International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 2012
This paper presents an overview of the components, approaches and techniques which are used to bu... more This paper presents an overview of the components, approaches and techniques which are used to build a mobile phoneapplication that uses short messaging service (SMS) text messages to improve interaction, information distribution and communication of stakeholders in a university setting. The proposed application is built upon a multiple compatible mobile phone menu-based subscription management application that is also customizable. Since SMS has the potential to fill significant connectivity and service gaps, this application can provide support for them to become more ubiquitous. Event-based approach towards context-aware personalized notification service is adopted, i.e. user will receive relevant immediate SMS to his/her mobile phone based on his/her subscription for preferred notifications. A trigger enables event management system to send out (semi-) automated personalized notification. Notification services that understand the context within which their users operate, i.e. identity, activity and time are derived based on a set of predetermined rules. This will benefit the stakeholders in terms of getting up-to-date notifications via the delivery system which implements SysMan TellMe V8.04 as the delivery protocol and SMS server.
The three aforementioned correlation are considered as significant and positive valuable. In addi... more The three aforementioned correlation are considered as significant and positive valuable. In addition the results showed that relative contribution of IQ toward cognitive learning achievement in Biology is 48.6%, relative contribution of EQ toward cognitive learning achievement in Biology is 51.4%, Effective contribution of IQ toward cognitive learning achievement in Biology is 7.63%, effective contribution of EQ toward cognitive learning achievement in Biology is 8.07%, total effective contribution both of IQ and EQ are15.7%
is a farmer organization in Banyuanyar, Ampel, Boyolali with low income. This condition is caused... more is a farmer organization in Banyuanyar, Ampel, Boyolali with low income. This condition is caused by the yield produced is not comparable with the capital which has been issued by the farmers, sometimes they should in debt to cover the losses. Based on the problem, there is a need in finding a solution to sell the yield produced with competitive prices. One of the solutions is to shorten the distribution lines with direct marketing to the consumers. The purpose of this final task is to build an e-agribusiness system of "Kelompok Tani Subur Makmur". The method which is used in this research are data collecting by observing the farmer's products, interviewing, and library research by collecting data from books and internet that related to the problems as the object of the research. This system is built using PHP (Plant Hypertext Preprocessor) programming language that is combined with MySql database. This e-agribusiness system is expected to help farmer in their marketing of the yield produced with competitive prices to increase their income. In addition, this system is also expected to cut the distribution lines with direct marketing to the consumers.
This study focuses on economic literacy and public perception towards government spending on educ... more This study focuses on economic literacy and public perception towards government spending on education, especially for the 2013 Budget. The 2013 Budget demonstrates the Malaysian government's commitment to make education a national priority in the budget. From 137 respondents, the results show that economic literacy among the public was moderate, and that they had positive perception on government spending on education. Moreover, they expected the government to improve and increase its contribution on education.
Gene flow between closely related species is a frequent phenomenon that is known to play importan... more Gene flow between closely related species is a frequent phenomenon that is known to play important roles in organismal evolution. Less clear, however, is the importance of hybridization between distant relatives. We present molecular and morphological evidence that support origin of the plant genus Physacanthus via ''wide hybridization'' between members of two distantly related lineages in the large family Acanthaceae. These two lineages are well characterized by very different morphologies yet, remarkably, Physacanthus shares features of both. Chloroplast sequences from six loci indicate that all three species of Physacanthus contain haplotypes from both lineages, suggesting that heteroplasmy likely predated speciation in the genus. Although heteroplasmy is thought to be unstable and thus transient, multiple haplotypes have been maintained through time in Physacanthus. The most likely scenario to explain these data is that Physacanthus originated via an ancient hybridization event that involved phylogenetically distant parents. This wide hybridization has resulted in the establishment of an independently evolving clade of flowering plants.
... Natrium Benzoat merupakan salah satu bahan pengawet makanan yang sering digunakan dalam bentu... more ... Natrium Benzoat merupakan salah satu bahan pengawet makanan yang sering digunakan dalam bentuk garam. ... Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui berapa jumlah kadar natrium benzoat dalam kecap manis bermerk yang beredar di Pasaran dan untuk ...
SKRIPSI Jurusan Sastra Inggris-Fakultas Sastra …, 2010
Fatimah, Siti. 2010. Pronunciation Problems of English Segmental Sounds Among the First Graders o... more Fatimah, Siti. 2010. Pronunciation Problems of English Segmental Sounds Among the First Graders of SMA Islam Malang. Sarjana's thesis, English Department, Faculty of Letters, State University of Malang, Advisor: Drs. Setyadi Setyapranata, M. Pd.
Pemahaman dalam proses pembacaan memerlukan strategi bagi menetapkan tujuan dan meningkatkan foku... more Pemahaman dalam proses pembacaan memerlukan strategi bagi menetapkan tujuan dan meningkatkan fokus pembacaan khususnya dalam perkembangan pembelajaran kendiri. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau tahap strategi metakognitif membaca teks dan hubungannya dengan jantina dan pencapaian akademik dalam kalangan pelajar bahasa Arab, UKM. Kajian kuantitatif berbentuk tinjauan ini menggunakan soal selidik sebagai instrumen. Kajian ini melibatkan seramai 30 orang responden yang dipilih melalui persampelan rawak mudah. Penumpuan diberikan kepada responden yang telah mengikuti kursus bahasa Arab di Fakulti Pengajian Islam, UKM. Data yang diperolehi dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensi. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan penggunaan strategi metakognitif membaca teks berada pada tahap yang sederhana, secara terperinci strategi global berada pada tahap sederhana diikuti strategi sokongan dan strategi penyelesaian masalah juga digunakan secara sederhana dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Namun begitu ti...
All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any fo... more All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Background: Acute heart failure is a global health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Sho... more Background: Acute heart failure is a global health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Short term and long term prognosis of these patients is poor. Therefore, early identification of patients at high risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) during hospitalization was needed to improve outcome. Creatinine levels at admission could be used as predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events in acute heart failure patients because creatinine is a simple and routine biomarker of renal function examined in patients with acute heart failure. This study aimed to determine whether creatinine can be used as a predictor of major adverse adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute heart failure.Methods: This study is a prospective cohort study of 108 acute heart failure patients treated at H. Adam Malik Hospital from July 2018 to January 2019. Creatinine cut-off points were determined using the ROC curve, then bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed to ...
Penyebab utama MS (Mitral Stenosis) adalah RHD (Rheumatic Heart Disease). Mengingat menurunnya pr... more Penyebab utama MS (Mitral Stenosis) adalah RHD (Rheumatic Heart Disease). Mengingat menurunnya prevalensi demam rematik, MS menjadi problem yang berat pada negara barat, 12% penyakit jantung katup jantung disebabkan oleh karena imigrasi dari negara-negara berkembang 1. Demam rematik (DR) masih sering didapati pada anak-anak di negara sedang berkembang dan sering mengenai anak-anak usia antara 5-15 tahun 2. Data terakhir mengenai prevalensi demam rematik di Indonesia yaitu untuk tahun 1981-1990 didapati sebesar 0,3-0,8 diantara 1000 anak sekolah 3. Gambaran klinis MS telah berubah, sekarang ini lebih sering terjadi pada pasienpasien usia tua dengan kalsifikasi katup mitral. Pada negara-negara berkembang, RHD endemik dan MS merupakan masalah kesehatan yang utama. Sebaliknya dari semua penyakit katup (kecuali stenosis aorta, dimana percutaneous valve replacement merupakan pilihan yang penting), pembedahan bukanlah merupakan satu-satunya terapi pada MS. Sejak diperkenalkan oleh Inoe, dkk pada 1984, PMC (Percutaneous Mitral Valve Commisurotomy) telah berhasil dilakukan dan aman pada banyak pasien di beberapa sentra 4-8 dan telah dilakukan luas sebagai pilihan terapi pada pasien-pasien dengan MS dan perbaikan secara anatomis memungkinkan 9,10. Saat ini, echocardiographycardiography memainkan peranan yang penting dalam penjajakan beratnya MS dan anatominya sehingga kateterisasi jarang digunakan. Evaluasi MS harus menjawab 2 pertanyaan: apakah MS-nya berat dan apakah katupnya cocok untuk dilakukan tindakan PMC? EVALUASI KEPARAHAN MS Penatalaksanaan pasien-pasien dengan MS berdasarkan akurasi penilaian keparahan MS. MVA (Mitral Valve Area) merupakan kriteria utama, yaitu secara klinis
Background: Recent studies showed that CHA 2 DS 2-VASc-HS score can effectively predict longterm ... more Background: Recent studies showed that CHA 2 DS 2-VASc-HS score can effectively predict longterm outcome, hospitalization and severity in CAD. However,the role of this score in predicting failed reperfusion after fibrinolytic in STEMI patients has not been studied extensively. The main objective of this study was to determine whether CHA 2 DS 2-VASc-HS score can predict failed reperfusion after fibrinolytic in STEMI patients. Methods: A total of 62 patients with STEMI who undergo fibrinolytic at Haji Adam Malik Hospital since October 2017 until November 2018 were recruited in this cross sectional study. We also performed complete blood count and chest x-ray. CHA 2 DS 2-VASc-HS score was counted before the fibrinolytic started. After the fibrinolytic was done, we assessed the succesfullness with the decrease of chest pain, resolution of ST segments > 50% and aritmia reperfusion criterias. Results: The cutoff value of CHA 2 DS 2-VASc-HS score was 4 (AUC 0.928, 95% CI 0.861-0.995, p<0.05). The CHA 2 DS 2-VASc-HS score ≥ 4 group had higher incidence of failed reperfusion. CHA 2 DS 2-VASc-HS score ≥ 4 is considered to predict the incidence of failed reperfusion with a sensitivity of 91.7%, a specificity of 69.2%, NPV of 85.7% and PPV of 80.4%. Multivariate analysis also showed that CHA 2 DS 2-VASc-HS score ≥ 4 was an independent factor that could predict the occurrence of failed reperfusion (OR 23.769, p<0.001). Conclusion: CHA 2 DS 2-VASc-HS score is a simple, very useful and easy-to remember bedside score and an inexpensive indicator which can be used as a prognostic marker for failed reperfusion after fibrinolytic in STEMI. Keyword : CHA 2 DS 2-VASc-HS, fibrinolytic, STEMI.
Background: Previously conducted researches showed that presence of SEC in the left atrium can co... more Background: Previously conducted researches showed that presence of SEC in the left atrium can constitute a risk factor for thrombus formation. Some previous studies have also reported that in addition to atrial fibrillation and blood stasis in the left atrium, the pathophysiology of left atrial thrombus and SEC occurring in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis exhibits some other mechanisms, such as autoimmunity, inflammation and increased thrombotic activity. Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted between July 2015 to July 2017 in patient who admitted to Haji Adam Malik Hospital due to rheumatic mitral stenosis. They were divided into two groups according to presence of left atrial SEC. Result: From 104 patients, 52 (mean age 40 ± 11 years; 71,2% women) were in the left atrial SEC-negative group and 52 patients (mean age 40 ± 10 years; 73,1% women) were in the left atrial SEC-positive group. There were no significant differences in the leucocyte, 8,06±1,54 were in the lef...
Biodiesel from rubber seed oil (Hevea brasilliensis) can be produced through two step processes, ... more Biodiesel from rubber seed oil (Hevea brasilliensis) can be produced through two step processes, esterification and transesterification, and the objectives of this research are to know the effect of esterification reaction time on producing metal ester (biodiesel) from rubber seed oil. The method of this research is started by preparation process, including pressing and extraction of the rubber seed oil. The next step is esterification with acid catalyst (H 2 SO 4) 3 % volume from rubber seed oil used, reactants are rubber seed oil and excess methanol with ratio 1:2 at 60-65 o C for 1 hour, 2 hour and 3 hour. The processes are continued with transesterification prosess with base catalyst (KOH) 2 % weight from rubber seed oil used, reactants are rubber seed oil and excess methanol with ratio 1:2 at60-65 o C for 2 hour. The last step of this processes are yield and quality of biodiesel analysis. The results of this research shows that the maximum conversion biodiesel yield of 95% can be obtained at 3 hour of esterification reaction time.
International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 2012
This paper presents an overview of the components, approaches and techniques which are used to bu... more This paper presents an overview of the components, approaches and techniques which are used to build a mobile phoneapplication that uses short messaging service (SMS) text messages to improve interaction, information distribution and communication of stakeholders in a university setting. The proposed application is built upon a multiple compatible mobile phone menu-based subscription management application that is also customizable. Since SMS has the potential to fill significant connectivity and service gaps, this application can provide support for them to become more ubiquitous. Event-based approach towards context-aware personalized notification service is adopted, i.e. user will receive relevant immediate SMS to his/her mobile phone based on his/her subscription for preferred notifications. A trigger enables event management system to send out (semi-) automated personalized notification. Notification services that understand the context within which their users operate, i.e. identity, activity and time are derived based on a set of predetermined rules. This will benefit the stakeholders in terms of getting up-to-date notifications via the delivery system which implements SysMan TellMe V8.04 as the delivery protocol and SMS server.
The three aforementioned correlation are considered as significant and positive valuable. In addi... more The three aforementioned correlation are considered as significant and positive valuable. In addition the results showed that relative contribution of IQ toward cognitive learning achievement in Biology is 48.6%, relative contribution of EQ toward cognitive learning achievement in Biology is 51.4%, Effective contribution of IQ toward cognitive learning achievement in Biology is 7.63%, effective contribution of EQ toward cognitive learning achievement in Biology is 8.07%, total effective contribution both of IQ and EQ are15.7%
is a farmer organization in Banyuanyar, Ampel, Boyolali with low income. This condition is caused... more is a farmer organization in Banyuanyar, Ampel, Boyolali with low income. This condition is caused by the yield produced is not comparable with the capital which has been issued by the farmers, sometimes they should in debt to cover the losses. Based on the problem, there is a need in finding a solution to sell the yield produced with competitive prices. One of the solutions is to shorten the distribution lines with direct marketing to the consumers. The purpose of this final task is to build an e-agribusiness system of "Kelompok Tani Subur Makmur". The method which is used in this research are data collecting by observing the farmer's products, interviewing, and library research by collecting data from books and internet that related to the problems as the object of the research. This system is built using PHP (Plant Hypertext Preprocessor) programming language that is combined with MySql database. This e-agribusiness system is expected to help farmer in their marketing of the yield produced with competitive prices to increase their income. In addition, this system is also expected to cut the distribution lines with direct marketing to the consumers.
This study focuses on economic literacy and public perception towards government spending on educ... more This study focuses on economic literacy and public perception towards government spending on education, especially for the 2013 Budget. The 2013 Budget demonstrates the Malaysian government's commitment to make education a national priority in the budget. From 137 respondents, the results show that economic literacy among the public was moderate, and that they had positive perception on government spending on education. Moreover, they expected the government to improve and increase its contribution on education.
Gene flow between closely related species is a frequent phenomenon that is known to play importan... more Gene flow between closely related species is a frequent phenomenon that is known to play important roles in organismal evolution. Less clear, however, is the importance of hybridization between distant relatives. We present molecular and morphological evidence that support origin of the plant genus Physacanthus via ''wide hybridization'' between members of two distantly related lineages in the large family Acanthaceae. These two lineages are well characterized by very different morphologies yet, remarkably, Physacanthus shares features of both. Chloroplast sequences from six loci indicate that all three species of Physacanthus contain haplotypes from both lineages, suggesting that heteroplasmy likely predated speciation in the genus. Although heteroplasmy is thought to be unstable and thus transient, multiple haplotypes have been maintained through time in Physacanthus. The most likely scenario to explain these data is that Physacanthus originated via an ancient hybridization event that involved phylogenetically distant parents. This wide hybridization has resulted in the establishment of an independently evolving clade of flowering plants.
... Natrium Benzoat merupakan salah satu bahan pengawet makanan yang sering digunakan dalam bentu... more ... Natrium Benzoat merupakan salah satu bahan pengawet makanan yang sering digunakan dalam bentuk garam. ... Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui berapa jumlah kadar natrium benzoat dalam kecap manis bermerk yang beredar di Pasaran dan untuk ...
SKRIPSI Jurusan Sastra Inggris-Fakultas Sastra …, 2010
Fatimah, Siti. 2010. Pronunciation Problems of English Segmental Sounds Among the First Graders o... more Fatimah, Siti. 2010. Pronunciation Problems of English Segmental Sounds Among the First Graders of SMA Islam Malang. Sarjana's thesis, English Department, Faculty of Letters, State University of Malang, Advisor: Drs. Setyadi Setyapranata, M. Pd.
Pemahaman dalam proses pembacaan memerlukan strategi bagi menetapkan tujuan dan meningkatkan foku... more Pemahaman dalam proses pembacaan memerlukan strategi bagi menetapkan tujuan dan meningkatkan fokus pembacaan khususnya dalam perkembangan pembelajaran kendiri. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau tahap strategi metakognitif membaca teks dan hubungannya dengan jantina dan pencapaian akademik dalam kalangan pelajar bahasa Arab, UKM. Kajian kuantitatif berbentuk tinjauan ini menggunakan soal selidik sebagai instrumen. Kajian ini melibatkan seramai 30 orang responden yang dipilih melalui persampelan rawak mudah. Penumpuan diberikan kepada responden yang telah mengikuti kursus bahasa Arab di Fakulti Pengajian Islam, UKM. Data yang diperolehi dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensi. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan penggunaan strategi metakognitif membaca teks berada pada tahap yang sederhana, secara terperinci strategi global berada pada tahap sederhana diikuti strategi sokongan dan strategi penyelesaian masalah juga digunakan secara sederhana dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Namun begitu ti...
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