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Ali Hyder

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I am Archaeological Conservator by profession and works for the preservation and conservation of heritage sites and monuments.
Phone: 00923073476990 , 00923345449230
Address: Archaeology and museums, Mohenjodaro Conservation Office @ Mohenjodaro.

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NIT ROURKELA

Shrinivas Hansanpalli

Laxmikant Besra

Nizar Ahamed S B

RTM Nagpur University

University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Pakistan

COMMAND AREA DEVELOPMENT Bhadrak

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Papers by Ali Hyder

Built Heritage Conservation analysis of rates june

Over the past year, specifications, rates were sought and independent experts, officials from ASI... more Over the past year, specifications, rates were sought and independent experts, officials from ASI, State Departments of Archaeology and CPWD reviewed the documentation at regular intervals. A review workshop held midway through the exercise allowed practical challenges, aspirations of conservation professionals and responsible officials and institutional preferences to be incorporated in the effort. While this will be of much use in a large part of the country, envisioned as a dynamic document, the manual as yet does not address the needs of heritage buildings in areas of the country with unique building traditions such as with mud, wood or bamboo, amongst others. It is hoped that the Central Public Works Department will incorporate this within their own Schedule of Rates and thus build upon this exercise and update it at periodic intervals, incorporating additional specifications, analysis of rates, case studies and guidelines for conservation. In any case for many heritage buildings this manual will need to be read in conjunction with the existing CPWD DSR as for heritage buildings in use, modern additions and infrastructure is also required to be provided.

Scanned By. Exploration & Excavation Branch Department of Antiquities & Archaeology Government of Sindh

Mansura Diary Saeed Khan Jatoi and Aqleem Khan

Mohenjodaro Tour Diary by Taswir Hussain Hameedi

Mohenjodaro, Taxilla etc by Abdul Qadir

Manual for the conservation and maintenance of Mohenjodaro

Conservation Conservation of a cultural resource includes all actions taken to retain or protect ... more Conservation Conservation of a cultural resource includes all actions taken to retain or protect the characteristics which give the resource cultural value and meaning. At Moenjodaro, this means taking the actions necessary to protect the authenticity of the monument, especially original parts of it which serve as primary sources of information about the Indus Civilization. Restoration Restoration means to return a structure or site to its appearance and use at a previous time, with the objective of reviving its original concept or legibility. Restoration is based upon respect for original material, archaeological evidence, original design and authentic documents. Reconstruction Reconstruction is to rebuild a structure which exists as a partial ruin or only through documentation or hypothesis. Reconstruction may be desirable in order to make the original concept of the site more legible, or in some cases, to provide support for adjoining structures. As much as possible, reconstruction is based upon accurate documentation and physical evidence. Maintenance Routine protective measures carried out at the monument with the aim of avoiding the possible need for more intrusive interventions that could cause replacement of more historic material. Maintenance programs should be well-defined and initiated according to a regular schedule. Interventions Any actions taken at the monument that have some effect on the fabric, as for instance a conservation treatment. Interventions at Moenjdoaro generally fall into "Regular" conservation or "Technical" interventions. "Regular" conservation The implementation of standardized conservation measures based on traditional and local building methods and materials. In general, regular conservation methods are "reversible" and do not require extensive technical training to implement. The term is used to differentiate such methods from more specialized, technical interventions. Technical interventions These include "the introduction and use of specialized materials or methods" with the aim of preserving "historic fabric" at the monument. Generally, technical interventions are a "last resort", and are not used unless regular conservation using traditional methods and materials will not effectively safeguard the resource. For the most part, technical interventions are nonreversible, and their application often requires specialized equipment and training. Reversibility Refers to the possibility of "undoing" an intervention or treatment without damaging the historic fabric where it was applied. Treatments which permanently alter historic fabric are said to be "non-reversible." Although in practice total reversibility is seldom achievable, the term is useful as a gauge of a treatment's potential negative consequences. Research Aims to collect data about the monument and its environment, in order to improve the technical understanding of it. Topics of research include climate, soils, structures, bricks, geotechnics, salts, thermal performance, construction and decay processes. The information and its interpretation is important for formulating experiments and for undertaking conservation works. Experiments Experiments consist of site or laboratory work that aims to examine or develop specific conservation techniques. Experiments follow a scientific procedure (aim-method-equipmentmonitoring-results-conclusion), and are carried out on structures or materials where, if they fail, do no harm to elements of the monument. Presentation zones These are the areas of Moenjodaro most frequently visited and/or which are presented for interpretation of the resource. For these reasons, like areas including concentrations of ancient material, presentation zones may receive special consideration in the formulation of a prioritized conservation program or strategy. Definitions and Principles-2 Principles of Conservation The stewardship of cultural resources such as World Heritage Sites requires familiarity with principles that have evolved over centuries to guide the practice of international conservation. These principles are often described in "charters," such as the "Charter of Venice," 1966, and the "Burra Charter," 1978. Although written before the excavations at Moenjodaro, the conservation manual by Sir John Marshall introduces important conservation principles.

The Musalman Races Found in Sindh Baluchistan and Afghanistan

منصورہ برھمڻ آباد (1)

ARAB kingdom of Al Mansurah 1

ARAB kingdom of al Mansurah 2

Intermediate progress report. Moenjodaro UNESCO expert mission (IA 3363), February

بلوچستان جا قديم آثارن جي ڊائريڪٽري محمد عثمان 2013 Directory of Balochistan historical sites and monuments

CULTURAL HERITAGE OF SINDH

And they visited to all those sites where Bhittai had travelled and this experience introduced a ... more And they visited to all those sites where Bhittai had travelled and this experience introduced a new dimension in Anwer Pirzado life and he became a Sindhiologist. My father Anwer Pirzado used to say whatever Vlll From Anwer Pirzado Academy you observe you must write it with the intent that you are documenting history and he himself exquisitely believed on this thought and therefore documented Sindh with his innovative writing power. He deeply felt the necessity to preserve the heritage of Sindh and emphasized on it in this book. Anwer Pirzado has importantly pointed out 130 heritage sites in Sindh, in the third chapter of this book which is about archeology of Sindh. Anwer Pirzado gave new taste and flavor to journalism introducing many new trends and styles in journalism. Famous intellectual and novelist Mohammad Hanif said Anwer \vas like Google for us. Even the tittles of many articles are very creatively named like "Kashi: The poetic composition �f colour" and "Chounro, an air-conditioned hut or• the desert". According to Anwer Pirzado, Sindh is the land of colorful folk festivals that's why he has documented the folk festivals of Sindh from time to time. In the present book you can find his exclusive reports of a dozen interesting Sindh folk festivals. Anwer Pirzado academy after publishing "Indus and its delta" and "Sindh scenario" in English has compiled his articles written from time to time in different newspapers about culture and heritage of Sindh and published in a book form. We think this book would be an important addition to the knowledge that exists about Sindh, its culture, folk festivals and heritage sites like Mohen Jo Daro, Runnikot etc. This book would serve as the guidebook of Sindhi culture and heritage. Anwer Pirzado academy would like to render its sincere thanks to all its supporters and well wishers Cultural Heritage of Sindh IX who are actually friends of Anwer Pirzado and now part of the self supported academy which serves the cause to publish all his unpublished work in Sindhi and English languages. The academy was formed on "Treejho" of Anwer Pirzado manily by his three sons Zarar, Zaid and Amar with the support of well known writer, columnist and story writer Mohammad Ali Pathan, a great admirer of Anwer Pirzado. Since then we would like to humbly acknowledge the intellectual, moral and financial support of

Ancient Settlements in Karachi Region Abdul Rauf Khan 1968 cs (1)

Peninsula to beyond Jewani on Makran coast in the west. This part juts out boldly into the sea fo... more Peninsula to beyond Jewani on Makran coast in the west. This part juts out boldly into the sea for a considerable distance. This projection into the sea was eyen more pronounced during prehistoric times when much of the lower Indus delta on one side of it and part of the Las Bela plain on the other side, were under the sea. Moreover, the mountains and valleys of Baluchistan, trending north-south, gradaully lose their height and merge into the coastal plains of Karachi. Thus the region provides a transition between the mountainous belt to the north and west and the vast lowlands to the east. From its peculiar position, this area must have been a meeting place of different pre historic cultures flourishing around it-Kulli culture to the north west in Makran and parts of Las Bela; Nal-Nundara in the north in Jhalawan; and the Indus and Amri cultures to the east and northeast. In the maritime communications between the Indus and the Mesopota mian civilizations, for which we have enough evidence, the importance of this region is self evident. Apart from being on the highways of ancient cultures and civilizations, the Karachi region, with its maritime environment, its sources of food from the sea, its genial climate, its terrain with low parallel ridges and flat intervening valleys, watered by numerous good springs and perennial and semi-perennial streams, .enjoyed very favourable conditions for being itself the home of indigenous cultures. From such considerations one could expect that this region must have played an important role in the drr.ma of human pr.ogress from the earliest prehistoric times. The search of prehistoric sites in this area is attended with rather peculiar difficulties. The land has risen vertically relative to the sea several times since the end of the Glacial period. After every uplift of land the processes of erosion have been accelerated. The. result is that old surfaces have been destroyed to a great extent. Only limited patches remain in the form of old terraces. The old sites themselves have been levelled down and are nowhere found in the form of high mounds which could easily be detected. The material

City of wells and Drains Mohenjo-Daro 4500 Water Splendour 4500 years Ago written by Dr. Professor Michael Jansen

Am funften Tag schuf er zuerst die Meerestiere und dann die Vogel, am sechsten Ta 3 Shamash with ... more Am funften Tag schuf er zuerst die Meerestiere und dann die Vogel, am sechsten Ta 3 Shamash with his saw represents the sphere ge die Lebewesen auf dem Festland und in only the last tiny fraction of this evolution. of heaven, Marduk (Enil) the fertile earth schlieBlich den Menschen. The emergence of the first identifiable forms and Ea the groundwater; the ocean (the An der etwa drei Milliarden Jahre langen Geof civilization (including that of the Indus cowed lion) is under control. samtentwicklung der Lebewesen auf der ErValley), i.e. the beginning of our historical The triad of heaven, earth and sea crops up de hat der Mensch nur zu einem geringen time, took place a mere five thousand years again almost a thousand years later in an

Stadt der Brunnen und Kanale -City of mlls and Drains Mohenjo-Daro Wasserluxus vor 4500 Jahren -Water Splendour 4500 !ears Ago

100 years since the discovery of Mohen jo Daro

The site is famous for its elaborate town planning with street grids with brick pavements, develo... more

"Save Archaeology from the Technicians": Wheeler, World Heritage and Expert Failure at Mohenjodaro

Between the 1960s and 1980s, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization... more Between the 1960s and 1980s, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) launched a number of international salvage campaigns at the behest of its member states, the most notable being the Nubian Monuments Campaign. Saving ancient monuments and discovering archaeological sites in Egypt and Sudan was viewed as a landmark in twentieth-century heritage conservation and international cooperation ; it was never to be repeated again. Requests for assistance continued, yet the campaigns were configured as conservation missions rather than integrated field projects. In retrospect, this action delimited UNESCO's goals to bridge education, science, and culture and, ultimately, impacted the potential of cross-cultural dialogue and partnerships afforded by archaeological field research. This article focuses on UNESCO's International Campaign for the Safeguarding of Moenjodaro (1974-97) and traces the role of experts, both archaeological and hydrological, within UNESCO's mission. It uncovers the organization's handling of the monumental challenges and long-term effects of a

Michael Jansen Statement

Eight guiding principles in the conservation of historical , Cultural and Archaeological properties

Built Heritage Conservation analysis of rates june

Over the past year, specifications, rates were sought and independent experts, officials from ASI... more Over the past year, specifications, rates were sought and independent experts, officials from ASI, State Departments of Archaeology and CPWD reviewed the documentation at regular intervals. A review workshop held midway through the exercise allowed practical challenges, aspirations of conservation professionals and responsible officials and institutional preferences to be incorporated in the effort. While this will be of much use in a large part of the country, envisioned as a dynamic document, the manual as yet does not address the needs of heritage buildings in areas of the country with unique building traditions such as with mud, wood or bamboo, amongst others. It is hoped that the Central Public Works Department will incorporate this within their own Schedule of Rates and thus build upon this exercise and update it at periodic intervals, incorporating additional specifications, analysis of rates, case studies and guidelines for conservation. In any case for many heritage buildings this manual will need to be read in conjunction with the existing CPWD DSR as for heritage buildings in use, modern additions and infrastructure is also required to be provided.

Scanned By. Exploration & Excavation Branch Department of Antiquities & Archaeology Government of Sindh

Mansura Diary Saeed Khan Jatoi and Aqleem Khan

Mohenjodaro Tour Diary by Taswir Hussain Hameedi

Mohenjodaro, Taxilla etc by Abdul Qadir

Manual for the conservation and maintenance of Mohenjodaro

Conservation Conservation of a cultural resource includes all actions taken to retain or protect ... more Conservation Conservation of a cultural resource includes all actions taken to retain or protect the characteristics which give the resource cultural value and meaning. At Moenjodaro, this means taking the actions necessary to protect the authenticity of the monument, especially original parts of it which serve as primary sources of information about the Indus Civilization. Restoration Restoration means to return a structure or site to its appearance and use at a previous time, with the objective of reviving its original concept or legibility. Restoration is based upon respect for original material, archaeological evidence, original design and authentic documents. Reconstruction Reconstruction is to rebuild a structure which exists as a partial ruin or only through documentation or hypothesis. Reconstruction may be desirable in order to make the original concept of the site more legible, or in some cases, to provide support for adjoining structures. As much as possible, reconstruction is based upon accurate documentation and physical evidence. Maintenance Routine protective measures carried out at the monument with the aim of avoiding the possible need for more intrusive interventions that could cause replacement of more historic material. Maintenance programs should be well-defined and initiated according to a regular schedule. Interventions Any actions taken at the monument that have some effect on the fabric, as for instance a conservation treatment. Interventions at Moenjdoaro generally fall into "Regular" conservation or "Technical" interventions. "Regular" conservation The implementation of standardized conservation measures based on traditional and local building methods and materials. In general, regular conservation methods are "reversible" and do not require extensive technical training to implement. The term is used to differentiate such methods from more specialized, technical interventions. Technical interventions These include "the introduction and use of specialized materials or methods" with the aim of preserving "historic fabric" at the monument. Generally, technical interventions are a "last resort", and are not used unless regular conservation using traditional methods and materials will not effectively safeguard the resource. For the most part, technical interventions are nonreversible, and their application often requires specialized equipment and training. Reversibility Refers to the possibility of "undoing" an intervention or treatment without damaging the historic fabric where it was applied. Treatments which permanently alter historic fabric are said to be "non-reversible." Although in practice total reversibility is seldom achievable, the term is useful as a gauge of a treatment's potential negative consequences. Research Aims to collect data about the monument and its environment, in order to improve the technical understanding of it. Topics of research include climate, soils, structures, bricks, geotechnics, salts, thermal performance, construction and decay processes. The information and its interpretation is important for formulating experiments and for undertaking conservation works. Experiments Experiments consist of site or laboratory work that aims to examine or develop specific conservation techniques. Experiments follow a scientific procedure (aim-method-equipmentmonitoring-results-conclusion), and are carried out on structures or materials where, if they fail, do no harm to elements of the monument. Presentation zones These are the areas of Moenjodaro most frequently visited and/or which are presented for interpretation of the resource. For these reasons, like areas including concentrations of ancient material, presentation zones may receive special consideration in the formulation of a prioritized conservation program or strategy. Definitions and Principles-2 Principles of Conservation The stewardship of cultural resources such as World Heritage Sites requires familiarity with principles that have evolved over centuries to guide the practice of international conservation. These principles are often described in "charters," such as the "Charter of Venice," 1966, and the "Burra Charter," 1978. Although written before the excavations at Moenjodaro, the conservation manual by Sir John Marshall introduces important conservation principles.

The Musalman Races Found in Sindh Baluchistan and Afghanistan

منصورہ برھمڻ آباد (1)

ARAB kingdom of Al Mansurah 1

ARAB kingdom of al Mansurah 2

Intermediate progress report. Moenjodaro UNESCO expert mission (IA 3363), February

بلوچستان جا قديم آثارن جي ڊائريڪٽري محمد عثمان 2013 Directory of Balochistan historical sites and monuments

CULTURAL HERITAGE OF SINDH

And they visited to all those sites where Bhittai had travelled and this experience introduced a ... more And they visited to all those sites where Bhittai had travelled and this experience introduced a new dimension in Anwer Pirzado life and he became a Sindhiologist. My father Anwer Pirzado used to say whatever Vlll From Anwer Pirzado Academy you observe you must write it with the intent that you are documenting history and he himself exquisitely believed on this thought and therefore documented Sindh with his innovative writing power. He deeply felt the necessity to preserve the heritage of Sindh and emphasized on it in this book. Anwer Pirzado has importantly pointed out 130 heritage sites in Sindh, in the third chapter of this book which is about archeology of Sindh. Anwer Pirzado gave new taste and flavor to journalism introducing many new trends and styles in journalism. Famous intellectual and novelist Mohammad Hanif said Anwer \vas like Google for us. Even the tittles of many articles are very creatively named like "Kashi: The poetic composition �f colour" and "Chounro, an air-conditioned hut or• the desert". According to Anwer Pirzado, Sindh is the land of colorful folk festivals that's why he has documented the folk festivals of Sindh from time to time. In the present book you can find his exclusive reports of a dozen interesting Sindh folk festivals. Anwer Pirzado academy after publishing "Indus and its delta" and "Sindh scenario" in English has compiled his articles written from time to time in different newspapers about culture and heritage of Sindh and published in a book form. We think this book would be an important addition to the knowledge that exists about Sindh, its culture, folk festivals and heritage sites like Mohen Jo Daro, Runnikot etc. This book would serve as the guidebook of Sindhi culture and heritage. Anwer Pirzado academy would like to render its sincere thanks to all its supporters and well wishers Cultural Heritage of Sindh IX who are actually friends of Anwer Pirzado and now part of the self supported academy which serves the cause to publish all his unpublished work in Sindhi and English languages. The academy was formed on "Treejho" of Anwer Pirzado manily by his three sons Zarar, Zaid and Amar with the support of well known writer, columnist and story writer Mohammad Ali Pathan, a great admirer of Anwer Pirzado. Since then we would like to humbly acknowledge the intellectual, moral and financial support of

Ancient Settlements in Karachi Region Abdul Rauf Khan 1968 cs (1)

Peninsula to beyond Jewani on Makran coast in the west. This part juts out boldly into the sea fo... more Peninsula to beyond Jewani on Makran coast in the west. This part juts out boldly into the sea for a considerable distance. This projection into the sea was eyen more pronounced during prehistoric times when much of the lower Indus delta on one side of it and part of the Las Bela plain on the other side, were under the sea. Moreover, the mountains and valleys of Baluchistan, trending north-south, gradaully lose their height and merge into the coastal plains of Karachi. Thus the region provides a transition between the mountainous belt to the north and west and the vast lowlands to the east. From its peculiar position, this area must have been a meeting place of different pre historic cultures flourishing around it-Kulli culture to the north west in Makran and parts of Las Bela; Nal-Nundara in the north in Jhalawan; and the Indus and Amri cultures to the east and northeast. In the maritime communications between the Indus and the Mesopota mian civilizations, for which we have enough evidence, the importance of this region is self evident. Apart from being on the highways of ancient cultures and civilizations, the Karachi region, with its maritime environment, its sources of food from the sea, its genial climate, its terrain with low parallel ridges and flat intervening valleys, watered by numerous good springs and perennial and semi-perennial streams, .enjoyed very favourable conditions for being itself the home of indigenous cultures. From such considerations one could expect that this region must have played an important role in the drr.ma of human pr.ogress from the earliest prehistoric times. The search of prehistoric sites in this area is attended with rather peculiar difficulties. The land has risen vertically relative to the sea several times since the end of the Glacial period. After every uplift of land the processes of erosion have been accelerated. The. result is that old surfaces have been destroyed to a great extent. Only limited patches remain in the form of old terraces. The old sites themselves have been levelled down and are nowhere found in the form of high mounds which could easily be detected. The material

City of wells and Drains Mohenjo-Daro 4500 Water Splendour 4500 years Ago written by Dr. Professor Michael Jansen

Am funften Tag schuf er zuerst die Meerestiere und dann die Vogel, am sechsten Ta 3 Shamash with ... more Am funften Tag schuf er zuerst die Meerestiere und dann die Vogel, am sechsten Ta 3 Shamash with his saw represents the sphere ge die Lebewesen auf dem Festland und in only the last tiny fraction of this evolution. of heaven, Marduk (Enil) the fertile earth schlieBlich den Menschen. The emergence of the first identifiable forms and Ea the groundwater; the ocean (the An der etwa drei Milliarden Jahre langen Geof civilization (including that of the Indus cowed lion) is under control. samtentwicklung der Lebewesen auf der ErValley), i.e. the beginning of our historical The triad of heaven, earth and sea crops up de hat der Mensch nur zu einem geringen time, took place a mere five thousand years again almost a thousand years later in an

Stadt der Brunnen und Kanale -City of mlls and Drains Mohenjo-Daro Wasserluxus vor 4500 Jahren -Water Splendour 4500 !ears Ago

100 years since the discovery of Mohen jo Daro

The site is famous for its elaborate town planning with street grids with brick pavements, develo... more

"Save Archaeology from the Technicians": Wheeler, World Heritage and Expert Failure at Mohenjodaro

Between the 1960s and 1980s, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization... more Between the 1960s and 1980s, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) launched a number of international salvage campaigns at the behest of its member states, the most notable being the Nubian Monuments Campaign. Saving ancient monuments and discovering archaeological sites in Egypt and Sudan was viewed as a landmark in twentieth-century heritage conservation and international cooperation ; it was never to be repeated again. Requests for assistance continued, yet the campaigns were configured as conservation missions rather than integrated field projects. In retrospect, this action delimited UNESCO's goals to bridge education, science, and culture and, ultimately, impacted the potential of cross-cultural dialogue and partnerships afforded by archaeological field research. This article focuses on UNESCO's International Campaign for the Safeguarding of Moenjodaro (1974-97) and traces the role of experts, both archaeological and hydrological, within UNESCO's mission. It uncovers the organization's handling of the monumental challenges and long-term effects of a

Michael Jansen Statement

Eight guiding principles in the conservation of historical , Cultural and Archaeological properties

Post Devolution Status of Archaeology in Sindh

REPORT ON THE STATE OF CONSERVATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RUINS OF MOENJODARO PAKISTAN (C-138) ARCHAEOLOGICAL RUINS OF MOENJODARO PAKISTAN (C138

an ancient urban center of the Indus Valley Civilization, situated on the right bank of the River... more an ancient urban center of the Indus Valley Civilization, situated on the right bank of the River Indus was discovered in 1922. The exposed structural remains, approximately 10 percent of the metropolitan city, comprised about 50 kilometer of walls with thickness from 0.28 to 3.00 meter and height 0.5 to over 10 meter. The structural remains started showing signs of fabric decay and structural distress soon after exposure due to salt, drainage and thermal problems. On the request of the State Party, a Joint World Heritage Centre-ICOMOS Reactive Monitoring Mission comprising Prof: Dr. Michael Jansen and Ms. Alexandra zu Sayn-Wittgenstein visited the Pakistan from November 27 to December 4, 2006 to examine the current state of Conservation of World Heritage sites of Makli Hills, Thatta and Moenjodaro. The mission visited both the properties and held meetings with the Minister for Culture, Government of Pakistan, Secretary Culture, the Director General

Conservation Terminologies

The object of conservation is not only to recapture a sense of the past but to preserve, conserve... more The object of conservation is not only to recapture a sense of the past but to preserve, conserve and restore as much of the existing fabric of its original condition or situation to achieve this end. Preservation Preservation normally deals with keeping cultural property from being hanned or decayed. Its goal is to maintain the property in its existing condition. Possible repairs may be carried out in order to prevent further decay.

Conservation Terminologies

The object of conservation is not only to recapture a sense of the past but to preserve, conserve... more The object of conservation is not only to recapture a sense of the past but to preserve, conserve and restore as much of the existing fabric of its original condition or situation to achieve this end. Preservation Preservation normally deals with keeping cultural property from being hanned or decayed. Its goal is to maintain the property in its existing condition. Possible repairs may be carried out in order to prevent further decay.

Conservation Terminologies

The object of conservation is not only to recapture a sense of the past but to preserve, conserve... more The object of conservation is not only to recapture a sense of the past but to preserve, conserve and restore as much of the existing fabric of its original condition or situation to achieve this end. Preservation Preservation normally deals with keeping cultural property from being hanned or decayed. Its goal is to maintain the property in its existing condition. Possible repairs may be carried out in order to prevent further decay.

CONSERVATION STRATEGY FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL RUINS OF MOHENJODARO

RUINS AT MOHENJODARO This paper presents the conversation strategy for the archeological ruins at... more RUINS AT MOHENJODARO This paper presents the conversation strategy for the archeological ruins at Mohenjo-Daro. Mohenjo-Daro , commonly known as city of the dead but in true sense its correct meaning is Mohen means charming, fascinating ,captivating etc while Daro means a village or town or city so this awesome civilization is a testimony of ancient town planning and architectural wonder look like any city of modern sense. Perfect town planning of this city of charming was spectacular and excitingly beautiful as they laid out planning to addresses all the problems of town planning with precision keeping in the foremost the convenience of the residents and imperatives of well built city. The scope of work included, repair and rehabilitation of World Heritage site of Mohenjo-Daro against following problems: The 1972 Master Plan for the Preservation and Maintenance of Mohenjo-Daro identified salt encrustation, river erosion and structural instability of walls as the major conservation problems at the site of Mohenjo-Daro.

Conservation Terminologies 1

The object of conservation is not only to recapture a sense of the past but to preserve, conserve... more The object of conservation is not only to recapture a sense of the past but to preserve, conserve and restore as much of the existing fabric of its original condition or situation to achieve this end. Preservation Preservation normally deals with keeping cultural property from being hanned or decayed. Its goal is to maintain the property in its existing condition. Possible repairs may be carried out in order to prevent further decay.

Archaeological works code