Papers by Alaa Mohammed
Tin(IV) Compounds as Photo-Stabilizers for Irradiated Surfaces of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Films, 2021
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
An Overview: Coronaviruses in Recent Two Decades, 2021
Coronaviruses are an association of viruses which lead sicknesses in mammals and birds. The Commo... more Coronaviruses are an association of viruses which lead sicknesses in mammals and birds. The Common symptoms that affect humans are respiratory tract infections, fever, headache, etc. In this review, we highlight the development in coronaviruses in recent two decade, which include simple acute respiratory syndrome (2002-2003), middle east respiratory syndrome (2012) and coronavirus disease 2019 (2019-2020).
Synthesis and Diagnosis New Metallotropic LCs from Organotin (IV) Complex, 2021
Organotin (IV) complex is part of the organometallic chemistry and in recently decades have a var... more Organotin (IV) complex is part of the organometallic chemistry and in recently decades have a variety of interesting and application used it. A new class of metallomesogens LC (A) Ph3Sn(VAL), (B) Bu3Sn(VAL), (C) Ph2Sn(VAL)2 and (D) Bu2Sn(VAL)2 was synthesis through the reaction of valsartan ligand with (di-or tri-butyl tin chloride salt) and (di-or tri-phenyl tin chloride salt) in methanol solvent. 1 H NMR, 119 Sn NMR, FTIR and CHN elemental analyses were measure and the liquid crystalline properties were study by POM. The mesophase in all organotin (IV) carboxylate complexes are thermotropic nematic phase. In complexes (A, C) the optical textures of A show a typical droplet texture and thread shape LC phase transition between (400-440⁰C) higher than mesophase textures in C between (230-250⁰C). In complexes (B, D) the optical textures of B appearance a thread shape and the LC phase transition temperature between (200-400⁰C) and in D thread shape and the transition temperature beginning up to 280⁰C. From a temperature of phase transition show that the complexes (C, D) are start liquid crystal mesophase in lower than complex (A, C) because effect of Rgroup and types which due to an asymmetric arrangement of the molecule and a geometry was calamitic in which the length of the molecule is major in compare with its diameter.
A Surface Morphological Study, Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Photo-Stabilizers Utilizing Ibuprofen Tin Complexes against Ultraviolet Radiation, 2020
In this work, three Ibuprofen tin complexes were synthesized and characterized by Fourier Transfo... more In this work, three Ibuprofen tin complexes were synthesized and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1 H and 119 Sn-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopies to identify the structures. The complexes were mixed separately with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) to improve its photo-stability properties. Their activity was demonstrated by several approaches of the FTIR to exhibit the formation of new groups within the polymer structure due to the exposure to UV light. Moreover, the polymer's weight loss during irradiation and the average molecular weight estimation using its viscosity before and after irradiation were investigated. Furthermore, different techniques were used to study the surface morphology of the PVC before and after irradiation. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and optical microscope demonstrated that applying Ibuprofen tin complexes keeps the surface of PVC smoother, with fewer cracks and spots after irradiation comparing to the blank PVC. Finally, It seems possible that such synthesized Ibuprofen tin complexes can work as excellent photo-stabilizers of PVC. In particular, complex 1 showed the best results among other stabilizers due to the large conjugation system of the stabilizer.
Cytotoxic Effects of Valsartan Organotin(IV) Complexes on Human Lung Cancer Cells, 2021
The organotin(IV) compounds used in chemotherapy due to its lipophilicity, affected by the number... more The organotin(IV) compounds used in chemotherapy due to its lipophilicity, affected by the number of carbon atoms and the cytotoxicity. These are affected by the obtainability of Sn coordination bond and bond stabilization between ligand and tin. Two novel organotin(IV) complexes were synthesized, characterized, and tested against human lung cancer cells (A549). The cytotoxic effect of the prepared organotin(IV) complexes against human lung cancer cells (A549) was investigated using the MTT colorimetric assay. Apoptosis was investigated by flow cytometry. The cytotoxicity assay reveals that the Bu 2 SnL 2 complex is more active to inhibit the growth of A549 cells compared to the Ph 2 SnL 2 , and doxorubicin, nevertheless at high concentration (50 and 100) µg/mL the doxorubicin was more affective to inhibit the viability of A549 cells.
Protection of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Films against Photodegradation Using Various Valsartan Tin Complexes, 2020
Poly(vinyl chloride) is a common plastic that is widely used in many industrial applications. Pol... more Poly(vinyl chloride) is a common plastic that is widely used in many industrial applications. Poly(vinyl chloride) is mixed with additives to improve its mechanical and physical properties and to enable its use in harsh environments. Herein, to protect poly(vinyl chloride) films against photoirradiation with ultraviolet light, a number of tin complexes containing valsartan were synthesized and their chemical structures were established. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, weight loss, and molecular weight determination showed that the non-desirable changes were lower in the films containing the tin complexes than for the blank polymeric films. Analysis of the surface morphology of the irradiated polymeric materials showed that the films containing additives were less rough than the irradiated blank film. The tin complexes protected the poly(vinyl chloride) films against irradiation, where the complexes with high aromaticity were particularly effective. The additives act as primary and secondary stabilizers that absorb the incident radiation and slowly remit it to the polymeric chain as heat energy over time at a harmless level.
Synthesis and Use of Valsartan Metal Complexes as Media for Carbon Dioxide Storage, 2020
To address global warming through carbon dioxide storage, three valsartan metal complexes were sy... more To address global warming through carbon dioxide storage, three valsartan metal complexes were synthesized in excellent yields (87-92%) through a reaction of the appropriate metal chloride (tin chloride, nickel chloride hexahydrate, or magnesium chloride hexahydrate) and excess valsartan (two mole equivalents) in boiling methanol for 3 h. The structures of the metal complexes were established based on the data obtained from ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, as well as from elemental analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectra, and magnetic susceptibility. The agglomeration and shape of the particles were determined using field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. The surface area (16.63-22.75 m 2 /g) of the metal complexes was measured using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, whereas the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda method was used to determine the particle pore size (0.011-0.108 cm 3 /g), total average pore volume (6.50-12.46 nm), and pore diameter (6.50-12.47 nm), for the metal complexes. The carbon dioxide uptake of the synthesized complexes, at 323 K and 4 MPa (40 bar), ranged from 24.11 to 34.51 cm 2 /g, and the nickel complex was found to be the most effective sorbent for carbon dioxide storage.
Improve the Role of Ibuprofen in the Biological Field: Short Review, 2020
Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory medication (NSAID) and it is also a non-steroidal, which might ... more Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory medication (NSAID) and it is also a non-steroidal, which might be providing relief from symptoms of inflammation and pain. However, Ibuprofen can cause risks such as stomach pain, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, gas, constipation and diarrhea. In order to decrease the side effect and enhance the role of Ibuprofen, the researcher improves different methods such as metal-Ibuprofen complexes synthesized and developed Ibuprofen-delivery systems.
The Trend of Additives for Poly(vinyl chloride) as Photostabilizers: Review Article, 2019
Conservation of poly(vinyl chloride) from the ultraviolet light that causes degradation, have ver... more Conservation of poly(vinyl chloride) from the ultraviolet light that causes degradation, have very attention in recent decades. PVC formularizations have a large number of additives playing fundamental functions during their conversion and adjusting the behavior properties of final products. In this review, various types of additives are briefly discussed to show their important properties and reasons for addition to their essential mechanisms that cause retardation of photodegradation. The additives including organotin(IV), UV screeners, organic UV absorber and freeradical scavengers.
INHIBITING EFFECTS OF L-TRYPTOPHAN ON THE CARBON STEEL CORROSION IN ALKALINE SALINE SOLUTION, 2017
The inhibiting effect of L-tryptophan, that considered as an eco-friendly compound on the corrosi... more The inhibiting effect of L-tryptophan, that considered as an eco-friendly compound on the corrosion of carbon steel in saline solution (3.5% NaCl) at pH 11 was investigated potentiostatically at five temperatures in the range 293-313 K. Five concentrations of inhibitor were tested ranging from 5×10-4 to 1×10-2 mole L-1. The addition of Ltryptophan to alkaline sodium chloride solution lowered the corrosion feasibility of the alloy. On the other hand, the corrosion feasibility increased with the rise of temperature. Carbon steel corrosion rate in the saline solution was decreased on increasing L-tryptophan concentration reflecting the inhibiting effect of L-tryptophan when it is present at high concentration in the saline solution. The efficiency of inhibition (%IE) of L-tryptophan increased with increasing the concentration of the inhibitor attaining a maximum value of 71.72 % when the L-tryptophan concentration in the saline solution became 1×10-2 mole L-1 , and decrease with the rise of temperature. Adsorption of L-tryptophan on the surface of carbon steel was considered to obey Langmuir isotherm. Gibbs free energy of adsorption of L-tryptophan on steel was-29.07 kJ mol-1 indicates a physisorption of the inhibitor on the surface of carbon steel alloy. Quantum mechanical study using DFT method with B3LYP/6-31G basis set was applied to achieve good relation between the inhibition efficiency and the chemical structure of L-tryptophan.
Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel in Saline Solution Using Amino Acids, 2016
The inhibiting effect of L-serine and L-lysine, that characterized as eco-friendly compounds for ... more The inhibiting effect of L-serine and L-lysine, that characterized as eco-friendly compounds for corrosion of carbon steel in 3.5% NaCl solution at pH 2 have been investigated at various concentrations and at five temperatures in the range 293-313 K. Potentiodynamic polarization and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques have been used for studying the behavior of the steel alloy in the saline solution. Corrosion of carbon steel in the saline solution became less feasible on increasing L-serine and L-lysine concentrations. Corrosion feasibility on the other hand increased with the rise of temperature. Inhibition efficiency (%Z) values were increased with increasing of the inhibitors concentration and decreased with increasing of temperature. Inhibition processes were summarized by adsorption of inhibitors on the metal surface. Potentiostatic studies show that both inhibitors decrease mainly the anodic process so they considered to be anodic type inhibitors. Adsorption of L-serine and L-lysine on metal surface obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Addition of L-serine and L-lysine to the saline solution enhanced both the activation energy and the preexponential factor of the alloy corrosion and the extent became larger with increasing inhibitors concentrations. Quantum mechanical completion using DFT method with B3LYP/6-31G basis set was applied to achieve correlation between the inhibitive effect and molecular structure of L-serine and L-lysine.
Thesis Chapters by Alaa Mohammed
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS OF NEW ORGANOTIN(IV) AND SOME METAL COMPLEXES , 2020
To whom supported me and encouraged me dear father II 2.2.4 Melting Point 2.2.5 Conductivity Meas... more To whom supported me and encouraged me dear father II 2.2.4 Melting Point 2.2.5 Conductivity Measurements 2.2.6 Elemental Analysis CHNX 3-17 1 H-NMR spectrum of [SnL 2 Cl 2 ] complex 3-18 1 H-NMR spectrum of [MgL (H 2 O) 2 ] complex 3-19 119 Sn-NMR spectrum of Ph 2 SnL 2 complex 3-20 119 Sn-NMR spectrum of Ph 3 SnL complex 3-21 119 Sn-NMR spectrum of Bu 2 SnL 2 complex 3-22 Sn-NMR spectrum of Bu 3 SnL complex 3-23 119 Sn-NMR spectrum of Me 2 SnL 2 complex 3-24 119 Sn-NMR spectrum of [SnL 2 Cl 2 ] complex 3-25 Electronic spectra of ligand and its complexes 4-1 FTIR spectrums of (a) PVC before irradiation (b) PVC after 300 h of irradiation (c) PVC in the presence of Ph 3 SnL after 300 h irradiation. 4-2 Changes in the I C=O index for PVC films versus irradiation time 4-3 Changes in the I C=C index for PVC films versus irradiation time 4-4 The change of absorbance for PVC in presence additives for 300 h of irradiation 4-5 Changes in weight loss of PVC films with irradiation time 4-6 Variation of the gel content of the PVC films in absence and presence of additives 4-7 Changes in ̅ for PVC films versus irradiation time 4-8 Microscope images of PVC films after irradiation at 300 h in presence of (a) Bu 2 SnL 2 , (b) Bu 3 SnL, (c) Ph 2 SnL 2 and (d) Ph 3 SnL complexes 4-9 Microscope images of PVC films after irradiation at 300 h in presence of (a) Ph 2 SnL 2 , (b) Ph 3 SnL, (c) Bu 2 SnL 2 and (d) Bu 3 SnL complexes 4-5 Interaction between complex Ph 3 SnL and PVC 4-6 Action mechanisms of Bu 2 nL 2 Complex to inhibit A549 cells growth This ketone polymer undergo two types of photo-chemical processes Norrish type I reaction (α-cleavage) that form two end polymeric radicals and carbon monoxide, and Norrish type II reaction which including formation of six-membered intermediate followed by "intermolecular hydrogen abstraction" and give a ketone and olefin after subsequently rearrangement as explain in scheme (1-2) [30]:
Amino Acids as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in Saline Solution, 2017
Chapter Four / Conclusions and Recommendations 110 4.1 Conclusions 111 4.2 Recommendations 113 Re... more Chapter Four / Conclusions and Recommendations 110 4.1 Conclusions 111 4.2 Recommendations 113 References 114 102 3-31 Quantum parameters of amino acids.
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Papers by Alaa Mohammed
Thesis Chapters by Alaa Mohammed