The Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan, 2014
Ocean sequestration is one of the technologies f ()r mitigation ofthe global warming ． Seabed aqu... more Ocean sequestration is one of the technologies f ()r mitigation ofthe global warming ． Seabed aquifer sequestration is that storcd CO ヱ in the aquifer approximately 500m depth ． CO2 hydrate generated in the aquifer acts as Cap rock and it makes a possib ］ e by storing CO2 under the hydrate layer ． It is supposed that the injected CO2 under the hydrate且 ayer is disso］ ved in pore water and stored long term ． But geologic properties of the aquifer influence the hydrate generation ． Namely ， to research on the in伽 ence of the geologic properties ， such as porosity and particle diameter ， on the hydrate generation and dissolution properties of the ］ iquid CO2 is indispensable in the estimation ofthe COz storage capacity ． However， in previous study ， it is focused on the process of CO2 dirnision in the aquifer． Therefore ， know］ edge of the geologic properties and solubility properties of the COz is poor 」 In this study ， influence of geologic properIies on the hydrate is researched by the hydrate generation experiment ． And ， the thickness ofthe CO2 dissolved water is observed by using ultrasonictesting ． Key Mords ： Seabed aquifer sequestration ， Gelogic properties ， Hydrate genaration ， ultrasonic testin
The Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch, 2011
Microbubbles are utilized in various engineering fields ． However ， measurement tcchniques of voi... more Microbubbles are utilized in various engineering fields ． However ， measurement tcchniques of void ction which is impor藍 ant parameter in gas − liquid two − phase flow is not est 註 blish fbr dispersed bubbly flow with microbubbles ． in the present study ， the void fraction in bubbly 冂ow is measured with Constant Ei tric Current Method ． This method was uscd f () r a liquid film an annular 刊ow in previous studies ． In order to measure the void f ction in bubb【 y flow by this method ， new calcu ！ ation method of void fraction ffOm elecnic signals was suggcsted ． In this experimcnt ， the void 倉action in bubbly flow with microbubbles gene 皿 ted on lhe microbubble generator with a ventUri tube was measured by Constant E1ectric Cu π ent Method a皿 d using void calculation methods ． In 血 e comparison of new calculation method a 皿 d previous methods ， void f ction in bubbly fiow with microbubbles ca 皿 be estlmated more accurately by new calculation method ． Key MordS；Void 廿action measureme 叫 Constant El tric Current Method． Microbubble ， VentUri tUbe 1 ，緒言
TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series B, 2013
Heat removal in the exothermal of electric vehicle EV motors has been studied. Improvement of eff... more Heat removal in the exothermal of electric vehicle EV motors has been studied. Improvement of efficiency of EV with arranging thermal-hydraulic characteristics in the motor is required. However, the flow field in EV motor is not clarified. The aim of the present work is to clarify the flow characteristics of the narrow gap between an inner high speed rotating cylinder and a stationary concentric cylinder. In the present study, the gap between the inner rotating cylinder and the stationary concentric cylinder is visualized with experimental apparatus which simulates the geometry of an EV motor. Water is adopted in order to simulate the actual status of flow characteristic in the EV, where air flows as working fluid, by the Reynolds analogy. In addition, Reynolds number is applied as one of the experimental parameters and is changed in the range of 247 Re 2510 at intervals of about 65. The flow structures in the gap and the rotor end part are observed with mixing Kalliroscope flakes and nylon particles in the water. As a result, distinguishing stripe pattern which seems to be the Taylor vortex was observed. Furthermore, the flow regimes changed to different way such as azimuthally waves appear to stripe pattern by changing Reynolds number, finally it transited to complicated flow. The flow field of the rotor edge part observed from the stator end face also transited to complicated flow with increase of Reynolds number. However, flow direction turned from the circle of stator edge face to the central shaft and it does not change with increase of Reynolds number. The fluid in the gap did not actively move over to rotor edge part before Re = 383, but it moves obviously beyond Re = 584.
For the safety design of a Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor, it is strongly required that the molten ma... more For the safety design of a Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor, it is strongly required that the molten material which is released from a core region has to be solidified and cooled down in a reactor vessel by breaking up in the sodium coolant during a Core Disruptive Accident in terms of Post Accident Heat Removal. In this paper, in order to investigate the effects of the surface solidification on the jet breakup, the experimental results using a low melting point alloy and water are reported. The jet breakup behavior is observed with a high speed video camera, the front position of the jet and the jet breakup length are estimated with the visual observation results. In the high injection velocity conditions, it is found that the jet breakup is dominated by fragmentation induced by the surface instability due to the relative velocity even in the surface solidification condition. In addition, it is also found that the tendency of the jet breakup length is close to Epstein's correlation.
Volume 6: Beyond Design Basis Events; Student Paper Competition, 2013
In order to improve the safety of Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), it is required to know the behavio... more In order to improve the safety of Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), it is required to know the behavior of the plant when an accident occurred as can be seen at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. Especially, it is important to estimate the behavior of molten core jet in the lower part of the containment vessel at severe accident. In the BWR lower plenum, the flow characteristics of molten core jet are affected by many complicated structures, such as control rod guide tubes (CRGT), instrument guide tubes and core support plate. However, it is difficult to evaluate these effects on molten core jet experimentally. Therefore, we considered that multi-phase computational fluid dynamics approach is the best way to estimate the effects on molten core jet by complicated structure. The objective of this study is to develop the evaluation method for the flow characteristic of molten core jet including the effects of the complicated structures in the lower plenum. So we are developing ...
The objective of this study is to elucidate the formation and growth behavior of CO2 hydrate. Bas... more The objective of this study is to elucidate the formation and growth behavior of CO2 hydrate. Based on hydrate film thickness measurements, the process of hydrate film development was classified into "formation" and "growth". A macro-scale thickness prediction model based on mass transport was constructed for these processes. Molecular dynamics calculations were also introduced and combined with the macro-scale prediction model to construct a model capable of predicting film thickness.
In recent years, a highly efficient cooling system is eagerly desired because of high heat flux a... more In recent years, a highly efficient cooling system is eagerly desired because of high heat flux associated with miniaturization of electronic devices and large amount of heat with upsizing of space equipment. The heat removal performance of cooling system using flow boiling, it is necessary to deepen the knowledge on the forced flow phenomenon affected by dissolved gas in the working fluid. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of dissolved air on boiling heat transfer and flow behavior in forced flow boiling. Therefore, we conducted a visualization experiment of boiling two-phase flow and measurement heat transfer coefficient. As a visualization result, the frequency of bubble formation due to boiling increased with the increase in the concentration of dissolved air. In addition, the precipitated non condensable gas was observed to form a boiling nucleus.
Compulsive sedimentation of soil particles using coagulant is one of the countermeasures for long... more Compulsive sedimentation of soil particles using coagulant is one of the countermeasures for long-term turbid water in a dam reservoir. We used allophane as a coagulant, since it is considering that allophane obtained from nature has low environmental impact when it is added into the dam reservoir. The objective of the present study is to propose an atomization and transportation technique for allophane with a Venturi tube and to elucidate their mechanisms. We successfully visualized atomization behavior of allophane in detail and considered the atomization mechanisms. In addition, we confirmed that the turbidity of the water is improved by adding atomized allophane. In transportation experiment of allophane, it is found that allophane transportation is promoted in the condition of microbubble generation. Furthermore, visualization of allophane adhering to microbubble and following water flow is achieved, and it is suggested that allophane is transported by microbubble. Finally, we measured zeta potential of particles that is important factor in allophane transportation, and tried to elucidate the transportation mechanisms with evaluating the relationship with Sauter mean diameter of allophane.
Cleaning technology is widely used to remove oil or resist from metal and semiconductor and soon.... more Cleaning technology is widely used to remove oil or resist from metal and semiconductor and soon. However, it causes high cost and severe environmental impacts because of the sewage disposal. Owing to strong oxidizing ability and self-decomposing power, ozone micro-bubbles generated by a Venturi tube was proposed. The purpose of this study is to research the capability of ozone micro-bubbles and improve the cleaning mechanism. In this study, we focus on the microbubble generator with a Venturi tube. We visualized the Venturi Tube by a high-speed camera to measure the bubble diameter. We also measure the shear stress near the test piece surface by using PIV. And by titration with Potassium iodide, ozonated water and ozone gas concentration are measured. Ozone gas is well dissolved after passing through the Venturi tube. Also, brass test pieces applied with cutting oil and latex resin are washed by using bubbly flow with ozone microbubbles. It has been confirmed that ozone micro-bubbles are able to clean the test pieces efficiently.
Chemical solvents used for industrial washing process have a negative impact on the environment a... more Chemical solvents used for industrial washing process have a negative impact on the environment and the health of their users, and they are high-cost cleaning. In order to reduce the amount of chemical solvent used in the washing process, the non-chemical washing technology with microbubble is expected. We focus on the microbubble generator with a Venturi tube. This generator can generate the bubbles of hundred-micrometer diameter in high void fraction. And it is maintenance-free because of its simple structure. In this paper, authors introduce capability of oil washing with microbubbles generated using a Venturi tube and photoresist removal with Ozone microbubbles, which is friendly for the environment and no harm to the product.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series B, 2013
It is suggested that a steam injector (SI) is applied to heat pump systems as an effective conden... more It is suggested that a steam injector (SI) is applied to heat pump systems as an effective condenser or compressor in the battle against global warming to downscale them. SI which consists of a compact structure has high heat transfer performance due to the direct contact condensation, and the downsizing of a condenser is expected. And it is expected that the feature to act as a static jet pump without any rotating power source may enable to downscale a compactor. Thus the objective of the present study is to investigate the internal flow mechanism of an ultra micro steam injector (UMSI) in an effort to develop the further small SI. In particular the flow observation in UMSI whose throat diameter is 600 μm is conducted. As the results, the formation of water jet and the back stream in the mixing nozzle which are the operating characteristics of SI is confirmed.
This paper shows bubbly flow characteristics measured of standing flow and unsteady flow in a Ven... more This paper shows bubbly flow characteristics measured of standing flow and unsteady flow in a Venturi tube. As for the standing flow characteristics, the distribution of pressure and void fraction are measured. Using the equation of sound velocity in adiabatic isentropic, the shock waves occurs at the point of transition from supersonic flow to subsonic flow, and the bubbles are collapsed at the same area. As a non-steady phenomena, by performing visualization and synchronous measurement of pressure, the presence of propagating pressure wave caused by bubble collapse. The bubble diameters generated by using this device showed a tendency to be further miniaturized under both condition that a shock wave is generated and a pressure wave is generated.
The Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch, 2014
Steam injectOr (SI) is a passive jet pump driven by direct contaCt condensatien and a high perfor... more Steam injectOr (SI) is a passive jet pump driven by direct contaCt condensatien and a high performance heat
The Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch, 2012
・ pa ・ ・At ・mi ・ E… gy ・ Ag ・n ・ y， 2 − 4， ・Shir ・kata ・ T・kai ， ・N ・k・ ， ・lbar ・ki ， ・319 − 1195... more ・ pa ・ ・At ・mi ・ E… gy ・ Ag ・n ・ y， 2 − 4， ・Shir ・kata ・ T・kai ， ・N ・k・ ， ・lbar ・ki ， ・319 − 1195， J・ pan ： nanuclear power plan ち one of the important issues is evaluation of the safety of reactor core and its pipes when an earthquake occ ． Many rcscarchcrs have cenducted stUdies on constructions of plants ． Consequently ， there is some owledge about e 頒 hquake − resisting dcsigns ． However thc innuence ef an earthqual (e vibration on thermal fiuid inside a nuclear reactor plant is not fUlly undcrstDod ． The a血 of thお study is to clarify the in 血 見 lence of Vibration of construction on bubbly 且ow structure ． In order 加 inves廿 gate it ， we visualize changhhg ofbubbly 且ow structure in p 孟 peli皿 e on which s 血 e wave is applied ． It was clarj 五 ed that the behavior of liquid phase and bubble through ho zontal c廿 cular pipes was a 描ected by an osCi 皿a 樋on ． The periOdical fiuctuation of hquid phase and bubble velocity and bubble shape were indicated ． Key MordS：Ea曲 quake vibration ， Two − phase flow ， Bubble behavior ， V 重 sua 正 ization exper 孟 ment
The Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan, 2014
Ocean sequestration is one of the technologies f ()r mitigation ofthe global warming ． Seabed aqu... more Ocean sequestration is one of the technologies f ()r mitigation ofthe global warming ． Seabed aquifer sequestration is that storcd CO ヱ in the aquifer approximately 500m depth ． CO2 hydrate generated in the aquifer acts as Cap rock and it makes a possib ］ e by storing CO2 under the hydrate layer ． It is supposed that the injected CO2 under the hydrate且 ayer is disso］ ved in pore water and stored long term ． But geologic properties of the aquifer influence the hydrate generation ． Namely ， to research on the in伽 ence of the geologic properties ， such as porosity and particle diameter ， on the hydrate generation and dissolution properties of the ］ iquid CO2 is indispensable in the estimation ofthe COz storage capacity ． However， in previous study ， it is focused on the process of CO2 dirnision in the aquifer． Therefore ， know］ edge of the geologic properties and solubility properties of the COz is poor 」 In this study ， influence of geologic properIies on the hydrate is researched by the hydrate generation experiment ． And ， the thickness ofthe CO2 dissolved water is observed by using ultrasonictesting ． Key Mords ： Seabed aquifer sequestration ， Gelogic properties ， Hydrate genaration ， ultrasonic testin
The Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch, 2011
Microbubbles are utilized in various engineering fields ． However ， measurement tcchniques of voi... more Microbubbles are utilized in various engineering fields ． However ， measurement tcchniques of void ction which is impor藍 ant parameter in gas − liquid two − phase flow is not est 註 blish fbr dispersed bubbly flow with microbubbles ． in the present study ， the void fraction in bubbly 冂ow is measured with Constant Ei tric Current Method ． This method was uscd f () r a liquid film an annular 刊ow in previous studies ． In order to measure the void f ction in bubb【 y flow by this method ， new calcu ！ ation method of void fraction ffOm elecnic signals was suggcsted ． In this experimcnt ， the void 倉action in bubbly flow with microbubbles gene 皿 ted on lhe microbubble generator with a ventUri tube was measured by Constant E1ectric Cu π ent Method a皿 d using void calculation methods ． In 血 e comparison of new calculation method a 皿 d previous methods ， void f ction in bubbly fiow with microbubbles ca 皿 be estlmated more accurately by new calculation method ． Key MordS；Void 廿action measureme 叫 Constant El tric Current Method． Microbubble ， VentUri tUbe 1 ，緒言
TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series B, 2013
Heat removal in the exothermal of electric vehicle EV motors has been studied. Improvement of eff... more Heat removal in the exothermal of electric vehicle EV motors has been studied. Improvement of efficiency of EV with arranging thermal-hydraulic characteristics in the motor is required. However, the flow field in EV motor is not clarified. The aim of the present work is to clarify the flow characteristics of the narrow gap between an inner high speed rotating cylinder and a stationary concentric cylinder. In the present study, the gap between the inner rotating cylinder and the stationary concentric cylinder is visualized with experimental apparatus which simulates the geometry of an EV motor. Water is adopted in order to simulate the actual status of flow characteristic in the EV, where air flows as working fluid, by the Reynolds analogy. In addition, Reynolds number is applied as one of the experimental parameters and is changed in the range of 247 Re 2510 at intervals of about 65. The flow structures in the gap and the rotor end part are observed with mixing Kalliroscope flakes and nylon particles in the water. As a result, distinguishing stripe pattern which seems to be the Taylor vortex was observed. Furthermore, the flow regimes changed to different way such as azimuthally waves appear to stripe pattern by changing Reynolds number, finally it transited to complicated flow. The flow field of the rotor edge part observed from the stator end face also transited to complicated flow with increase of Reynolds number. However, flow direction turned from the circle of stator edge face to the central shaft and it does not change with increase of Reynolds number. The fluid in the gap did not actively move over to rotor edge part before Re = 383, but it moves obviously beyond Re = 584.
For the safety design of a Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor, it is strongly required that the molten ma... more For the safety design of a Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor, it is strongly required that the molten material which is released from a core region has to be solidified and cooled down in a reactor vessel by breaking up in the sodium coolant during a Core Disruptive Accident in terms of Post Accident Heat Removal. In this paper, in order to investigate the effects of the surface solidification on the jet breakup, the experimental results using a low melting point alloy and water are reported. The jet breakup behavior is observed with a high speed video camera, the front position of the jet and the jet breakup length are estimated with the visual observation results. In the high injection velocity conditions, it is found that the jet breakup is dominated by fragmentation induced by the surface instability due to the relative velocity even in the surface solidification condition. In addition, it is also found that the tendency of the jet breakup length is close to Epstein's correlation.
Volume 6: Beyond Design Basis Events; Student Paper Competition, 2013
In order to improve the safety of Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), it is required to know the behavio... more In order to improve the safety of Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), it is required to know the behavior of the plant when an accident occurred as can be seen at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. Especially, it is important to estimate the behavior of molten core jet in the lower part of the containment vessel at severe accident. In the BWR lower plenum, the flow characteristics of molten core jet are affected by many complicated structures, such as control rod guide tubes (CRGT), instrument guide tubes and core support plate. However, it is difficult to evaluate these effects on molten core jet experimentally. Therefore, we considered that multi-phase computational fluid dynamics approach is the best way to estimate the effects on molten core jet by complicated structure. The objective of this study is to develop the evaluation method for the flow characteristic of molten core jet including the effects of the complicated structures in the lower plenum. So we are developing ...
The objective of this study is to elucidate the formation and growth behavior of CO2 hydrate. Bas... more The objective of this study is to elucidate the formation and growth behavior of CO2 hydrate. Based on hydrate film thickness measurements, the process of hydrate film development was classified into "formation" and "growth". A macro-scale thickness prediction model based on mass transport was constructed for these processes. Molecular dynamics calculations were also introduced and combined with the macro-scale prediction model to construct a model capable of predicting film thickness.
In recent years, a highly efficient cooling system is eagerly desired because of high heat flux a... more In recent years, a highly efficient cooling system is eagerly desired because of high heat flux associated with miniaturization of electronic devices and large amount of heat with upsizing of space equipment. The heat removal performance of cooling system using flow boiling, it is necessary to deepen the knowledge on the forced flow phenomenon affected by dissolved gas in the working fluid. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of dissolved air on boiling heat transfer and flow behavior in forced flow boiling. Therefore, we conducted a visualization experiment of boiling two-phase flow and measurement heat transfer coefficient. As a visualization result, the frequency of bubble formation due to boiling increased with the increase in the concentration of dissolved air. In addition, the precipitated non condensable gas was observed to form a boiling nucleus.
Compulsive sedimentation of soil particles using coagulant is one of the countermeasures for long... more Compulsive sedimentation of soil particles using coagulant is one of the countermeasures for long-term turbid water in a dam reservoir. We used allophane as a coagulant, since it is considering that allophane obtained from nature has low environmental impact when it is added into the dam reservoir. The objective of the present study is to propose an atomization and transportation technique for allophane with a Venturi tube and to elucidate their mechanisms. We successfully visualized atomization behavior of allophane in detail and considered the atomization mechanisms. In addition, we confirmed that the turbidity of the water is improved by adding atomized allophane. In transportation experiment of allophane, it is found that allophane transportation is promoted in the condition of microbubble generation. Furthermore, visualization of allophane adhering to microbubble and following water flow is achieved, and it is suggested that allophane is transported by microbubble. Finally, we measured zeta potential of particles that is important factor in allophane transportation, and tried to elucidate the transportation mechanisms with evaluating the relationship with Sauter mean diameter of allophane.
Cleaning technology is widely used to remove oil or resist from metal and semiconductor and soon.... more Cleaning technology is widely used to remove oil or resist from metal and semiconductor and soon. However, it causes high cost and severe environmental impacts because of the sewage disposal. Owing to strong oxidizing ability and self-decomposing power, ozone micro-bubbles generated by a Venturi tube was proposed. The purpose of this study is to research the capability of ozone micro-bubbles and improve the cleaning mechanism. In this study, we focus on the microbubble generator with a Venturi tube. We visualized the Venturi Tube by a high-speed camera to measure the bubble diameter. We also measure the shear stress near the test piece surface by using PIV. And by titration with Potassium iodide, ozonated water and ozone gas concentration are measured. Ozone gas is well dissolved after passing through the Venturi tube. Also, brass test pieces applied with cutting oil and latex resin are washed by using bubbly flow with ozone microbubbles. It has been confirmed that ozone micro-bubbles are able to clean the test pieces efficiently.
Chemical solvents used for industrial washing process have a negative impact on the environment a... more Chemical solvents used for industrial washing process have a negative impact on the environment and the health of their users, and they are high-cost cleaning. In order to reduce the amount of chemical solvent used in the washing process, the non-chemical washing technology with microbubble is expected. We focus on the microbubble generator with a Venturi tube. This generator can generate the bubbles of hundred-micrometer diameter in high void fraction. And it is maintenance-free because of its simple structure. In this paper, authors introduce capability of oil washing with microbubbles generated using a Venturi tube and photoresist removal with Ozone microbubbles, which is friendly for the environment and no harm to the product.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series B, 2013
It is suggested that a steam injector (SI) is applied to heat pump systems as an effective conden... more It is suggested that a steam injector (SI) is applied to heat pump systems as an effective condenser or compressor in the battle against global warming to downscale them. SI which consists of a compact structure has high heat transfer performance due to the direct contact condensation, and the downsizing of a condenser is expected. And it is expected that the feature to act as a static jet pump without any rotating power source may enable to downscale a compactor. Thus the objective of the present study is to investigate the internal flow mechanism of an ultra micro steam injector (UMSI) in an effort to develop the further small SI. In particular the flow observation in UMSI whose throat diameter is 600 μm is conducted. As the results, the formation of water jet and the back stream in the mixing nozzle which are the operating characteristics of SI is confirmed.
This paper shows bubbly flow characteristics measured of standing flow and unsteady flow in a Ven... more This paper shows bubbly flow characteristics measured of standing flow and unsteady flow in a Venturi tube. As for the standing flow characteristics, the distribution of pressure and void fraction are measured. Using the equation of sound velocity in adiabatic isentropic, the shock waves occurs at the point of transition from supersonic flow to subsonic flow, and the bubbles are collapsed at the same area. As a non-steady phenomena, by performing visualization and synchronous measurement of pressure, the presence of propagating pressure wave caused by bubble collapse. The bubble diameters generated by using this device showed a tendency to be further miniaturized under both condition that a shock wave is generated and a pressure wave is generated.
The Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch, 2014
Steam injectOr (SI) is a passive jet pump driven by direct contaCt condensatien and a high perfor... more Steam injectOr (SI) is a passive jet pump driven by direct contaCt condensatien and a high performance heat
The Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch, 2012
・ pa ・ ・At ・mi ・ E… gy ・ Ag ・n ・ y， 2 − 4， ・Shir ・kata ・ T・kai ， ・N ・k・ ， ・lbar ・ki ， ・319 − 1195... more ・ pa ・ ・At ・mi ・ E… gy ・ Ag ・n ・ y， 2 − 4， ・Shir ・kata ・ T・kai ， ・N ・k・ ， ・lbar ・ki ， ・319 − 1195， J・ pan ： nanuclear power plan ち one of the important issues is evaluation of the safety of reactor core and its pipes when an earthquake occ ． Many rcscarchcrs have cenducted stUdies on constructions of plants ． Consequently ， there is some owledge about e 頒 hquake − resisting dcsigns ． However thc innuence ef an earthqual (e vibration on thermal fiuid inside a nuclear reactor plant is not fUlly undcrstDod ． The a血 of thお study is to clarify the in 血 見 lence of Vibration of construction on bubbly 且ow structure ． In order 加 inves廿 gate it ， we visualize changhhg ofbubbly 且ow structure in p 孟 peli皿 e on which s 血 e wave is applied ． It was clarj 五 ed that the behavior of liquid phase and bubble through ho zontal c廿 cular pipes was a 描ected by an osCi 皿a 樋on ． The periOdical fiuctuation of hquid phase and bubble velocity and bubble shape were indicated ． Key MordS：Ea曲 quake vibration ， Two − phase flow ， Bubble behavior ， V 重 sua 正 ization exper 孟 ment
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Papers by Akiko Kaneko