Papers by Akhil Pratap Singh
National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery
Introduction: Mucormycosis is a fatal fungal infection, which is rare but commonly affects immuno... more Introduction: Mucormycosis is a fatal fungal infection, which is rare but commonly affects immunocompromised patients. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients who were immunocompromised, due to comorbid conditions, such as hematological malignancy and diabetes mellitus (DM), and patients on immunosuppressive therapy such as steroid therapy were the important host for mucormycosis infection. Aim: This study aimed to study the clinicopathological correlation of mucormycosis in post-COVID-19 patients. Material and Methods: The study was a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, over four months from April 2021 to July 2021, and clinically diagnosed mucormycosis cases were included in this study. Clinical details, histology slides, and blocks were reviewed, and the data were analyzed. Three- to four-micrometer sections were taken from the blocks and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and two more sli...
Journal of Mid-life Health
Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Background: Our aim is to use the survey data to analyze how healthcare professionals evaluate th... more Background: Our aim is to use the survey data to analyze how healthcare professionals evaluate their lifestyle habits and well-being. The novel concept of happiness score has been evaluated with respect to different factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 3 months. An assessment of lifestyle factors was done over the happiness score. Data were collected through the questionnaire method. The study period comprised between June 2021 and August 2021 with a sample size of 377. Health markers such as diabetes, hypertension, and lack of sleep were analyzed for different subgroups. We were also able to assess the dietary eating habit of doctors irrespective of the socio-demographic characteristics by random selection in different states. Generalized linear modeling was used to examine the association between the categorical variables and their respective happiness score. Results: Our study has shown a positive association between lifestyle factors that affect the happiness score. It is truly highlighted with two major significant components such as dietary habits and profession have been plotted by using a violin plot against the happiness score value. Conclusion: The aggregation of food components played a significant role in assessing the quality with respect to their lifestyle. There is no significant intake of alcohol and tobacco as recorded in the dataset. Happiness score value has been estimated which will help in forecasting the future happiness score for doctors depending on their lifestyle patterns.
International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Background: Pieces of clinical evidence suggest that coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) viral in... more Background: Pieces of clinical evidence suggest that coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) viral infection results in hormonal imbalance leading to changes in menstrual cycles of women. This study has been conducted with the aim to determine the effect of COVID-19 infection and its vaccine on menstrual cycle patterns. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study to observe any changes in menstrual cycle after COVID-19 infection or after its vaccination. A Web Link collector generated the survey's universal resource locator (URL) and was sent via social media messages to females in the general population as well as healthcare workers. Results: Menstrual cycles remained unaltered in 154/228 (67.5%) of women post-COVID-19 infection irrespective of its severity. Out of 228, onethird of women, i.e., 74/228 (33%), reported changes in their menstrual patterns, with respect to either cycle length, duration of flow, number of pads used, pain during menses, or premenstrual symptoms (PMSs). Menstrual blood loss was decreased by 14% (32/228) and 18%; 42 women complained of increased flow during menses. Twenty percent of women who had severe infections had menorrhagia. Out of the 590 women who completed the questionnaire, 436 (73.8%) were vaccinated against COVID-19 and 154 (26%) were unvaccinated. After vaccination, 290/436 around one-third of women (66.5%) had normal menstrual cycle, 21 women (4.8%) had decreased menstrual blood flow, and 18 women (4.1%) reported increased menstrual flow. Conclusion: COVID-19 infection affected the menstrual cycle of only one-third of women and this effect was temporary. This effect might be due to stress and anxiety affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA). More studies are needed to support this effect. Keywords: Coronavirus, Coronavirus disease-2019 and menstrual cycle, Coronavirus and menstrual cycle, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and hormonal change, Women psychological health.
Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Importance: Given the high mortality and cost of health care, especially in isolation settings, t... more Importance: Given the high mortality and cost of health care, especially in isolation settings, the idea of using nebulized hydrogen peroxide may play a very significant role in inactivation of coronavirus, thus reducing the infectivity period leading to reduced requirement of isolation and improving morbidity and mortality in people suffering with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-2019). Aim and objective: Objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of nebulized hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) in reducing the viral load and disease severity of patients suffering with COVID-19. Design: Double-blinded randomized control trial. HOPE in COVID-19 study. Setting: Tertiary care COVID hospital (single center). Participants: Moderate sick COVID-19-positive patients were included in the study after they qualified the inclusion criteria. Intervention: Patients were nebulized using 1 mL of ozonized H 2 O 2 after diluting with 4 mL of normal saline three times a day for 5 days. The control group was nebulized with normal saline only. Main outcome: Outcome was assessed for reduction in oxygen requirement (number of days on oxygen), symptoms resolution (dyspnea, cough, and fever), and number of days it took to be RT-PCR negative for COVID-19. Results: The early data from trial showed promising trends toward a better outcome. The study showed that in the case group who were nebulized with hydrogen peroxide resulted in better outcome in terms of parameters assessed in the study and the differences from the control group were statistically significant (p ≤0.001, CI 95%). Outcome in the form of mortality (odds ratio 0.29, 95% CI 0.02-3.14, p = 0.31, z = 1.007) was statistically insignificant. The number needed to treat for our study was 10.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2022
Granular Cell Tumour (GCT) of nasal and paranasal area is an extremely rare entity, while the mos... more Granular Cell Tumour (GCT) of nasal and paranasal area is an extremely rare entity, while the most common site is the tongue in oral cavity. GCT was first time described by Abrikossoff in 1926, which occurs in 3rd to 5th decades of life and most frequently involving the head and neck region. Abrikossoff in 1926, first time described GCT, to be derived from smooth muscle and gave the term myoblastomas, also known as Abrikossoff’s tumours. Schwann cell origin of GCT was demonstrated on immunohistochemistry through positive S100 protein identification. Herein, the authors report a case of GCT arising from right nasal vestibule in a 28- year-old female who presented with swelling since three months. On gross examination, the specimen revealed firm red and white pieces of tissue measuring 0.8x0.8x0.5cm. Diagnosis was made by histopathological examination which was confirmed by PAS special stain and S100 immunohistochemistry. Author also abridge the clinical information, microscopic featu...
Algorithms for Intelligent Systems, 2021
Simultaneous quantification and detection of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA plays significant role i... more Simultaneous quantification and detection of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA plays significant role in diagnosing and monitoring infection related to HBV as well as assessing therapeutic response. Variability among HBV genotypes and the huge range of clinical HBV DNA levels presents challenges for PCR-based amplification techniques. High sensitivity, wide linear range, good reproducibility, and genotype inclusivity, combined with a small sample volume requirement and low cost, make this novel quantitative HBV Real-Time PCR assay particularly well suited for application to large clinical and epidemiological studies. Serum DNA levels are a prognostic factor, and contribute to define the phase of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection, the treatment indication, and allow an assessment of the efficacy of antiviral therapy. High levels of HBV DNA are an independent risk factor for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma HCC in Asia. Recent advances in antiviral therapy, based on the development ...
Langmuir, 2020
Discrete water domains in hydrophobic environment find relevance in aerosols, oil refinery, the h... more Discrete water domains in hydrophobic environment find relevance in aerosols, oil refinery, the human body, etc. The interfacial microstructure plays a crucial role in the stability of such water domains. Over the decades, the amphiphile-induced electrostatic interaction is considered to be the major stabilizing factor operating at these interfaces. Here we take the representative water/AOT/oil microemulsion to show that creating a strong Hbonding network through suitable additive, such as protic ionic liquid (IL) at the interface, helps both the growth and stability of water domains in the hydrophobic phase. On the other hand, common electrolytes and aprotic ILs fail to replicate such behavior as seen by Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and electron microscopy measurements. Experimental results are further supported by the all-atomic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that showed extended Hbonding mediated by the protic IL cations that were localized at the interface. High temperature DLS and rheology studies have shown greater thermal stability and mechanical strengths of our biocompatible microemulsions, which have potential to become suitable templates for in situ synthesis of nanoparticle and various organic compounds.
ChemistrySelect, 2018
Owing to superior surface‐activity and versatility in functionalization compared to conventional ... more Owing to superior surface‐activity and versatility in functionalization compared to conventional surfactants, surface‐active ionic liquids (SAILs) gained immense interest in recent years. Toxicity and biodegradation remain central issues while dealing with the SAILs and thus, the quest for synthesis of greener SAILs is increasing day by day. Keeping in view of the importance of SAIL's performance, we undertook the present study for the formulation of reverse micelles (RMs) using biodegradable L‐proline propyl ester lauryl sulfate ([ProC3][LS]) in cyclohexane (Cy). The formation of RMs was confirmed from the phase behavior and dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study revealed the solvation of anionic head group through H‐bonding by added water. An increased micropolarity and reduced microviscosity were evidenced inside the RM droplets as a function of hydration level. Finally, the encapsulation of BSA protein in RMs was investig...
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2019
Background Asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infections outnumber clinical presentations, however ... more Background Asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infections outnumber clinical presentations, however the predictors for development of active disease are not well known. We aimed to identify serological, immunological and genetic markers for progression from L. donovani infection to clinical Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). Methods We enrolled all residents >2 years of age in 27 VL endemic villages in Bihar (India). Blood samples collected on filter paper on two occasions 6-12 months apart, were tested for antibodies against L. donovani with rK39-ELISA and DAT. Sero converters, (negative for both tests in the first round but positive on either of the two during the second round) and controls (negative on both tests on both occasions) were followed for three years. At the start of follow-up venous blood was collected for the following tests: DAT, rK39-ELISA, Quantiferon assay, SNP/HLA genotyping and L.donovani specific quantitative PCR. Results Among 1,606 subjects enrolled,17 (8/476 seroconverters and 9/1,130 controls) developed VL (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.1-8.3). High DAT and rK39 ELISA antibody titers as well as positive qPCR were strongly and significantly associated with progression from seroconversion to
New Journal of Chemistry, 2018
The self-assembly of long-chain choline carboxylates accompanied by their interaction with BSA pr... more The self-assembly of long-chain choline carboxylates accompanied by their interaction with BSA protein were investigated with focus on environmental sustainability.
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2018
Background The World Health Organization has targeted elimination of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) ... more Background The World Health Organization has targeted elimination of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Indian subcontinent (ISC) by 2020. Despite distinctive decline seen in the number of VL cases in ISC, there is still a quest for development of a diagnostic test which has the utility for detection of active infection and relapse cases and as a test of cure. The present study validated the sensitivity and specificity of SYBR Green I based closed tube LAMP assay reported by us for diagnosis of VL. Methodology The validation study was carried out at two endemic sites in India, located at Rajendra
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), Jan 5, 2018
HLA-DRB1 is the major genetic risk factor for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). We used SNP2HLA to imp... more HLA-DRB1 is the major genetic risk factor for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). We used SNP2HLA to impute HLA-DRB1 alleles and SNPTEST to carry out association analyses in 889 human cases and 977 controls from India. NetMHCIIpan 2.1 was used to map epitopes and binding affinities across 49vaccine candidates, as well as across peptide epitopes captured from dendritic cells treated with crudeAg and identified using mass spectrometry and alignment to amino acid sequences of a referencegenome. Cytokines were measured in peptide-stimulated whole blood from 26 cured VL cases and eight endemic healthy controls. HLA-DRB1*1501 and DRB1*1404/DRB1*1301 were the most significant protective and risk alleles, respectively, with specific residues at aa positions 11 and 13 unique to protective alleles. We observed greater peptide promiscuity in sequence motifs for 9-mer core epitopes predicted to bind to risk (*1404/*1301) compared with protective (*1501) DRB1 alleles. There was a higher frequency of ba...
The journal of physical chemistry. B, Oct 19, 2017
Considering the contemporary interests of water-free reverse micelles (RMs) in the field of organ... more Considering the contemporary interests of water-free reverse micelles (RMs) in the field of organic reaction medium and potential drug delivery carrier, we synthesized two different classes of ionic liquids (ILs), protic N-methyl-2-pyrrolidonium hexanoate, [NMP][Hex], and aprotic choline hexanoate, [Chl][Hex], and subsequently incorporated them in a mixture of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween-80) and cyclohexane. In order to understand the differential nature of interinterionic interaction of two ILs, we performed DFT calculations on pure ILs to correlate with experimental results. The formation of IL-in-oil RMs was confirmed from phase behavior and DLS studies. Interestingly, [NMP][Hex]-based systems showed a larger monophasic region and droplet size along with higher shear viscosity compared to [Chl][Hex]-based systems. Stronger interaction between [NMP]and Tween-80 due to their protic nature might be the driving force for such observations which supported the reson...
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2017
In view of this limited research on pILs in microemulsions, here we study the formation and chara... more In view of this limited research on pILs in microemulsions, here we study the formation and characterization of a series of pIL–water/oil microemulsions with specific questions on the effect of pILs on water uptake capacity and thermal stability of W/O microemulsions.
New J. Chem., 2017
Ionic liquids (ILs) are being considered as greener alternatives to conventional organic solvents.
Soft Matter, 2017
Ionic liquids (ILs) are being considered as greener alternatives to the conventional organic solv... more Ionic liquids (ILs) are being considered as greener alternatives to the conventional organic solvents. However, highly viscous nature of ILs often limits their applications. Hence studies on IL/water binary mixtures have received tremendous attention. These mixtures exhibit much lower viscosity, but almost similar density, compressibility and other properties as that of the neat ILs, up to certain water content. Hence, determining the IL-water ratio till which the solution behaves like IL and subsequently changes to a state of solute IL dissolved in continuous water phase is of paramount importance. Noting the very different and characteristic behaviours of neat ILs and pure water over a temperature range, herein, we measured the various thermophysical properties of the binary mixtures of tetramethylguanidinium benzoate/water and tetramethylguanidinium salicylate/water with water content varying from 20 wt% to 95 wt% for a temperature range of 298 K to 343 K. The results show that similar to neat ILs, the measured densities and compressibility of these mixtures display a linear change, and viscosity decreases rapidly as temperature is increased for water content up to 50 wt%. At higher water concentrations, the measured density and compressibility exhibit nonlinear behaviour and the decrease in viscosity with increased temperature is minute, mimicking the behaviour of bulk water. MD simulations were carried out to explain the experimental observations. Simulation results show a greater temperature-induced disintegration of IL ion-water interactions in dense systems, explaining the rapid decay of the properties with temperature. The results also exhibit the presence of a neat, IL-like, H-bond mediated expanded structure in concentrated solution versus a collapsed IL structure in dilute solution.
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Papers by Akhil Pratap Singh