There has been a paucity of research examining factors influencing the sex ratio at birth (SRB) i... more There has been a paucity of research examining factors influencing the sex ratio at birth (SRB) in India, and no recent study has utilized micro-data from representative household surveys that contain the breadth of household and maternal factors needed to explain patterns in SRB. India has undergone tremendous socioeconomic , demographic, and structural transitions in the past decade, and access to modern technology used to detect the sex of the fetus has also increased considerably in this same period. There is a need for more up to date analysis of this topic, with analysis of the role of birth order, an important factor which has not been considered in prior studies.
To compare efficacy of sit-stand test and victory stand test against 6 minute walk test in patien... more To compare efficacy of sit-stand test and victory stand test against 6 minute walk test in patients of respiratory and cardiac diseases. Materials and Methods: The present comparative study was carried out by the department of Pulmonary Medicine, MMIMSR (deemed to be university), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India. Total 44 patients who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included from the OPD of the hospital. The patient’s BMI, Spirometery, Breath holding time was done at the OPD before the real 6MWT and the victory stand & sit stand test. All the patients were then subjected to 6MWT first and the vitals (pulse rate and spo2) were recorded Pre and post-test using a pulse oximeter. The patients were instructed to walk for 6 minutes and the patient would return back to the OPD for the reading of the vitals. After giving adequate rest to the patient when the vitals returned to baseline, the patients were subjected to Sit and stand test in which the patient was instructed to sit and s...
To assess the effect of Palliative care on quality of life of patients suffering from advance bro... more To assess the effect of Palliative care on quality of life of patients suffering from advance bronchogenic carcinoma. The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of respiratory medicine, M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana. Total 48 patients presented with Stage IV lung carcinoma to the department of respiratory medicine were considered for the study. After checking the inclusion and exclusion criteria, patient were enrolled in the study. Thorough detailed history was taken from all the patients and recorded on a proforma. Symptoms of the patients will be recorded. For grading of dyspnea, MMRC scale was used. Thorough physical examination was done and recorded. Radiological investigations in the form of X-ray chest and/or CT scan (whenever appropriately required was done). All these patients were then subjected to ECOG (Eastern Cooperation Oncology Group) score and EORTC LC-29 European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer -Lung...
To determine the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among COVID-19 patients. The present study wa... more To determine the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among COVID-19 patients. The present study was conducted at Rural Tertiary Care Centre Designated COVID Care Hospital, MMIMSR Mullana Ambala, Haryana, India. The duration of the study was 1.5 months (Aug 2020 to Sep 2020). Those who tested positive in RT-PCR were taken from the wards and Flu clinic of the hospital. To calculate the sample size for cross-sectional study, enough literature for Vitamin D and COVID-19 in India was not available. Therefore, all patients were enrolled consecutively over 1.5 months. Data were collected on a pre-validated Case Recording Form. The demographic data of all the COIVD-19 patients were recorded. Comorbid conditions like diabetes and hyper- tension were also recorded. History of alcohol consumption and smoking was recorded. The sample for Vitamin D along with routine investigations was sent and the level of Vitamin D was estimated using chemiluminescence-based immunoassay analyzer. To understand...
There has been a drastic decline in the child sex ratio (number of females per 1000 males between... more There has been a drastic decline in the child sex ratio (number of females per 1000 males between ages 0 and 4) in India and many of its states. This study aimed to examine if prenatal factors, such as change in sex ratio at birth, or postnatal factors, such as change in relative mortality of females and males, contribute to this more by analysing the dynamics of the child sex ratio. Changes in the child sex ratio during 2001–2011 were decomposed into a ‘fertility’ component attributable to prenatal sex selection and a ‘mortality’ component attributable to sex differentials in postnatal survival at the country as well as the state level. Between the prenatal factor and the postnatal factor, the contribution of the latter to the declining child sex ratio has been greater than the former in India as a whole and in most of the states. By focusing on both prenatal and postnatal factors, the imbalance in the child sex ratio in the country can be reduced to a large extent.
India is the second most populous country in the world with a population of 1.3 billion; any chan... more India is the second most populous country in the world with a population of 1.3 billion; any change in its morbidity and disability pattern is bound to bring change at the Asia level, which is a matter of concern for the developing countries. Disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) provide summary measures of health across characteristics. The assessments of epidemiological patterns and health system performance of any place and time period display its progress towards the goal of sustainable development goals (SDGs). The main aim of this study is to assess the age and sex pattern of the burden of diseases (mortality and morbidity) and disability in India. The information on disease and deaths was extracted from the 71st round of the National Sample Surveys (NSS) conducted in 2014 (NSS 2014) and the Causes of Deaths Study conducted in the
Malaria is one of the most common diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium in tropical... more Malaria is one of the most common diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium in tropical countries. Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (pfDHFR) is essential for parasite growth and has been validated as an antimalarial drug target for development of new Antifolate antimalarial agents. In this study, we have used 22 known Pyrimidine inhibitors of pfDHODH were used for building 2D QSAR model using linear regression analysis with five variables (descriptors) namely Binding energy, Intermol Energy, Torsional Energy, Internal Energy and Docking Energy, which are computed by AutoDock 3.0.5 tool. The observed and predicted biological activities of the molecules are reported. The results obtained from this study were used in predicting activities in terms of pKi value of Pyrimidine derivatives. This methodology allows the identification of probable lead candidates expeditiously prior to chemical synthesis and characterization and is more cost effective. KeywordsMalaria, ...
Heavy metals from various natural and anthropogenic sources are becoming a chief threat to the aq... more Heavy metals from various natural and anthropogenic sources are becoming a chief threat to the aquatic system owing to their toxic and lethal effect. The treatment of such contaminated wastewater is one of the prime concerns in this field. For decades, a huge array of innovative biosorbents is used for heavy metal removal. Though extensive microbes and their biomolecules have been experimented and have showed great potential but most of them have failed to have the substantial breakthrough for the practical application. The present review emphasis on the potential utilization of the cyanobacteria for the heavy metal removal along with the toxic effect imposed by the pollutant. Furthermore, the effect of significant parameters, plausible mechanistic insights of the heavy metal toxicity imposed onto the cyanobacteria is also discussed in detail. The role of extrapolymeric substances and metallothionein secreted by the microbes are also elaborated. The review was evident that the cyano...
Background Timely assessment of the burden of HIV/AIDS is essential for policy setting and progra... more Background Timely assessment of the burden of HIV/AIDS is essential for policy setting and programme evaluation. In this report from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we provide national estimates of levels and trends of HIV/AIDS incidence, prevalence, coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and mortality for 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. Methods For countries without high-quality vital registration data, we estimated prevalence and incidence with data from antenatal care clinics and population-based seroprevalence surveys, and with assumptions by age and sex on initial CD4 distribution at infection, CD4 progression rates (probability of progression from higher to lower CD4 cell-count category), on and off antiretroviral therapy (ART) mortality, and mortality from all other causes. Our estimation strategy links the GBD 2015 assessment of all-cause mortality and estimation of incidence and prevalence so that for each draw from the uncertainty distribution all assumptions used in each step are internally consistent. We estimated incidence, prevalence, and death with GBD versions of the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) and Spectrum software originally developed by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). We used an open-source version of EPP and recoded Spectrum for speed, and used updated assumptions from systematic reviews of the literature and GBD demographic data. For countries with high-quality vital registration data, we developed the cohort incidence bias adjustment model to estimate HIV incidence and prevalence largely from the number of deaths caused by HIV recorded in cause-of-death statistics. We corrected these statistics for garbage coding and HIV misclassifi cation. Findings Global HIV incidence reached its peak in 1997, at 3•3 million new infections (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3•1-3•4 million). Annual incidence has stayed relatively constant at about 2•6 million per year (range 2•5-2•8 million) since 2005, after a period of fast decline between 1997 and 2005. The number of people living with HIV/AIDS has been steadily increasing and reached 38•8 million (95% UI 37•6-40•4 million) in 2015. At the same time, HIV/AIDS mortality has been declining at a steady pace, from a peak of 1•8 million deaths (95% UI 1•7-1•9 million) in 2005, to 1•2 million deaths (1•1-1•3 million) in 2015. We recorded substantial heterogeneity in the levels and trends of HIV/AIDS across countries. Although many countries have experienced decreases in HIV/AIDS mortality and in annual new infections, other countries have had slowdowns or increases in rates of change in annual new infections. Interpretation Scale-up of ART and prevention of mother-to-child transmission has been one of the great successes of global health in the past two decades. However, in the past decade, progress in reducing new infections has been slow, development assistance for health devoted to HIV has stagnated, and resources for health in low-income countries have grown slowly. Achievement of the new ambitious goals for HIV enshrined in Sustainable Development Goal 3 and the 90-90-90 UNAIDS targets will be challenging, and will need continued eff orts from governments and international agencies in the next 15 years to end AIDS by 2030.
Most methods used by food industries to decontaminate eggs involve washing of egg surface with va... more Most methods used by food industries to decontaminate eggs involve washing of egg surface with various chemicals. In this study, the effectiveness of two organic decontaminants viz., acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) and cell free culture supernatant (CFCS) of two lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus cerevisiae) was evaluated for the decontamination of spiked Salmonella Typhimurium on chicken egg shell surface. Acidified sodium chlorite at 100 µl/L concentration with the contact time of 20 min completely inhibited S. Typhimurium on egg shell surface while at 50 µl/L concentration 1-2 log10 units reduction was observed in counts of S. Typhimurium as compared to control group. Likewise, CFCS of P. cerevisiae completely inhibited the growth of S. Typhimurium on 30 min contact, whereas L. plantarum and combination of both were revealed significant reduction in the counts of S. Typhimurium counts.
Portal vein thrombosis is considered a relative contraindication for transarterial chemoembolizat... more Portal vein thrombosis is considered a relative contraindication for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in hepatocellular carcinoma. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of TACE treatment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein (PV) thrombosis. From April 2011 to June 2013, 17 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with PV thrombosis were studied. Patients were assessed for tumor response by imaging at regular intervals and the data compared with the baseline laboratory and imaging characteristics obtained before treatment. Univariate analysis was used to assess the treatments impact on patient survival. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier estimations. Overall survival rates at three, six and 12 months were 82%, 71%, and 47%, respectively, with a median of 10 months. Patients in Child-Pugh class A had a median survival of 15 months compared to five months for those patients in Child-Pugh class B. The median survival...
Salmonellosis outbreaks related to consumption of raw almonds have encouraged the scientific comm... more Salmonellosis outbreaks related to consumption of raw almonds have encouraged the scientific community to study the inactivation kinetics of pathogens in this dry commodity. However, the low moisture content of the product presents a challenge for thermal control, because the time required to achieve the desired thermal inactivation of microorganisms increases sharply with reduced moisture content and water activity. In this study, we explored and modeled the heat inactivation of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis PT 30 in almond cultivar ‘Nonpareil’ kernel flour at four water activity (aw) values (0.601, 0.720, 0.888, and 0.946) using four temperatures for each aw. The results showed that the inactivation was well fitted by both Weibull distribution (R2 = 0.93 to 1.00) and first-order kinetics (R2 = 0.82 to 0.96). At higher aw values, the rate of inactivation increased and less time was needed to achieve the required population reduction. These results suggest that, to avoid d...
Fever/pyrexia of unknown origin is defined as temperature Ͼ38.5°C lasting for Ͼ3 weeks, of which ... more Fever/pyrexia of unknown origin is defined as temperature Ͼ38.5°C lasting for Ͼ3 weeks, of which at least 2 weeks have been spent in thorough investigations. We present a case of an elderly gentleman who had pyrexia of unknown origin and whose PET scan was useful to localize the site of extranodal lymphoma. An 80-year-old gentleman presented with intermittent fever for past 2 months. He reported loss of appetite and subsequent weight loss. There was no demonstrable abnormality on clinical examination. His blood cytology, blood biochemistry, and conventional radiology were unremarkable. He was referred for a whole-body F-18 FDG PET/CT scan. The study revealed intense metabolic activity within the penis. Clinically, there were no signs of inflammation in the genitals. On a follow-up visit, tenderness was observed during per rectal examination. Another follow-up sonography revealed inflammation in the epididymis. Hence, he underwent biopsy of the testicle and scrotal tissue, which revealed non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
WEB This is a Web exclusive article. OBJECTIVE. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical outcomes, te... more WEB This is a Web exclusive article. OBJECTIVE. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical outcomes, techniques, and complications of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for treating gastric varices with spontaneous gastrosystemic shunts. MATERIALS AND METHODS. From November 2002 through October 2005, 49 consecutive patients with gastric varices were treated by balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration. The sclerosant was injected through the outflow veins during balloon occlusion. Immediate postprocedural CT scans were obtained to evaluate the procedural details. Recurrence and rebleeding of gastric varices and worsening of esophageal varices were evaluated by endoscopic examination and CT. The survival rates and prognostic factors after the procedure were also assessed. RESULTS. There were six procedural failures and two procedure-related deaths. Disappearance or marked shrinkage of the treated gastric varices with no recurrent gastric variceal bleeding was noted in 39 patients (79.6% clinical success rate). Approximately two thirds of our patients experienced worsening of esophageal varices during the median follow-up period of 457 days. The cumulative survival rates at 1 year and 3 years after balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration were 83.1% and 65.7%, respectively. The prognostic factors associated with survival were the preprocedural Child-Pugh classification and the total bilirubin level. The survival rates and procedural outcomes for the patients with severely compromised liver function were poor. CONCLUSION. Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration is an effective treatment for the obliteration of gastric varices. However, application of this procedure to severely compromised patients should be considered carefully.
There has been a paucity of research examining factors influencing the sex ratio at birth (SRB) i... more There has been a paucity of research examining factors influencing the sex ratio at birth (SRB) in India, and no recent study has utilized micro-data from representative household surveys that contain the breadth of household and maternal factors needed to explain patterns in SRB. India has undergone tremendous socioeconomic , demographic, and structural transitions in the past decade, and access to modern technology used to detect the sex of the fetus has also increased considerably in this same period. There is a need for more up to date analysis of this topic, with analysis of the role of birth order, an important factor which has not been considered in prior studies.
To compare efficacy of sit-stand test and victory stand test against 6 minute walk test in patien... more To compare efficacy of sit-stand test and victory stand test against 6 minute walk test in patients of respiratory and cardiac diseases. Materials and Methods: The present comparative study was carried out by the department of Pulmonary Medicine, MMIMSR (deemed to be university), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India. Total 44 patients who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included from the OPD of the hospital. The patient’s BMI, Spirometery, Breath holding time was done at the OPD before the real 6MWT and the victory stand & sit stand test. All the patients were then subjected to 6MWT first and the vitals (pulse rate and spo2) were recorded Pre and post-test using a pulse oximeter. The patients were instructed to walk for 6 minutes and the patient would return back to the OPD for the reading of the vitals. After giving adequate rest to the patient when the vitals returned to baseline, the patients were subjected to Sit and stand test in which the patient was instructed to sit and s...
To assess the effect of Palliative care on quality of life of patients suffering from advance bro... more To assess the effect of Palliative care on quality of life of patients suffering from advance bronchogenic carcinoma. The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of respiratory medicine, M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana. Total 48 patients presented with Stage IV lung carcinoma to the department of respiratory medicine were considered for the study. After checking the inclusion and exclusion criteria, patient were enrolled in the study. Thorough detailed history was taken from all the patients and recorded on a proforma. Symptoms of the patients will be recorded. For grading of dyspnea, MMRC scale was used. Thorough physical examination was done and recorded. Radiological investigations in the form of X-ray chest and/or CT scan (whenever appropriately required was done). All these patients were then subjected to ECOG (Eastern Cooperation Oncology Group) score and EORTC LC-29 European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer -Lung...
To determine the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among COVID-19 patients. The present study wa... more To determine the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among COVID-19 patients. The present study was conducted at Rural Tertiary Care Centre Designated COVID Care Hospital, MMIMSR Mullana Ambala, Haryana, India. The duration of the study was 1.5 months (Aug 2020 to Sep 2020). Those who tested positive in RT-PCR were taken from the wards and Flu clinic of the hospital. To calculate the sample size for cross-sectional study, enough literature for Vitamin D and COVID-19 in India was not available. Therefore, all patients were enrolled consecutively over 1.5 months. Data were collected on a pre-validated Case Recording Form. The demographic data of all the COIVD-19 patients were recorded. Comorbid conditions like diabetes and hyper- tension were also recorded. History of alcohol consumption and smoking was recorded. The sample for Vitamin D along with routine investigations was sent and the level of Vitamin D was estimated using chemiluminescence-based immunoassay analyzer. To understand...
There has been a drastic decline in the child sex ratio (number of females per 1000 males between... more There has been a drastic decline in the child sex ratio (number of females per 1000 males between ages 0 and 4) in India and many of its states. This study aimed to examine if prenatal factors, such as change in sex ratio at birth, or postnatal factors, such as change in relative mortality of females and males, contribute to this more by analysing the dynamics of the child sex ratio. Changes in the child sex ratio during 2001–2011 were decomposed into a ‘fertility’ component attributable to prenatal sex selection and a ‘mortality’ component attributable to sex differentials in postnatal survival at the country as well as the state level. Between the prenatal factor and the postnatal factor, the contribution of the latter to the declining child sex ratio has been greater than the former in India as a whole and in most of the states. By focusing on both prenatal and postnatal factors, the imbalance in the child sex ratio in the country can be reduced to a large extent.
India is the second most populous country in the world with a population of 1.3 billion; any chan... more India is the second most populous country in the world with a population of 1.3 billion; any change in its morbidity and disability pattern is bound to bring change at the Asia level, which is a matter of concern for the developing countries. Disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) provide summary measures of health across characteristics. The assessments of epidemiological patterns and health system performance of any place and time period display its progress towards the goal of sustainable development goals (SDGs). The main aim of this study is to assess the age and sex pattern of the burden of diseases (mortality and morbidity) and disability in India. The information on disease and deaths was extracted from the 71st round of the National Sample Surveys (NSS) conducted in 2014 (NSS 2014) and the Causes of Deaths Study conducted in the
Malaria is one of the most common diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium in tropical... more Malaria is one of the most common diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium in tropical countries. Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (pfDHFR) is essential for parasite growth and has been validated as an antimalarial drug target for development of new Antifolate antimalarial agents. In this study, we have used 22 known Pyrimidine inhibitors of pfDHODH were used for building 2D QSAR model using linear regression analysis with five variables (descriptors) namely Binding energy, Intermol Energy, Torsional Energy, Internal Energy and Docking Energy, which are computed by AutoDock 3.0.5 tool. The observed and predicted biological activities of the molecules are reported. The results obtained from this study were used in predicting activities in terms of pKi value of Pyrimidine derivatives. This methodology allows the identification of probable lead candidates expeditiously prior to chemical synthesis and characterization and is more cost effective. KeywordsMalaria, ...
Heavy metals from various natural and anthropogenic sources are becoming a chief threat to the aq... more Heavy metals from various natural and anthropogenic sources are becoming a chief threat to the aquatic system owing to their toxic and lethal effect. The treatment of such contaminated wastewater is one of the prime concerns in this field. For decades, a huge array of innovative biosorbents is used for heavy metal removal. Though extensive microbes and their biomolecules have been experimented and have showed great potential but most of them have failed to have the substantial breakthrough for the practical application. The present review emphasis on the potential utilization of the cyanobacteria for the heavy metal removal along with the toxic effect imposed by the pollutant. Furthermore, the effect of significant parameters, plausible mechanistic insights of the heavy metal toxicity imposed onto the cyanobacteria is also discussed in detail. The role of extrapolymeric substances and metallothionein secreted by the microbes are also elaborated. The review was evident that the cyano...
Background Timely assessment of the burden of HIV/AIDS is essential for policy setting and progra... more Background Timely assessment of the burden of HIV/AIDS is essential for policy setting and programme evaluation. In this report from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we provide national estimates of levels and trends of HIV/AIDS incidence, prevalence, coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and mortality for 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. Methods For countries without high-quality vital registration data, we estimated prevalence and incidence with data from antenatal care clinics and population-based seroprevalence surveys, and with assumptions by age and sex on initial CD4 distribution at infection, CD4 progression rates (probability of progression from higher to lower CD4 cell-count category), on and off antiretroviral therapy (ART) mortality, and mortality from all other causes. Our estimation strategy links the GBD 2015 assessment of all-cause mortality and estimation of incidence and prevalence so that for each draw from the uncertainty distribution all assumptions used in each step are internally consistent. We estimated incidence, prevalence, and death with GBD versions of the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) and Spectrum software originally developed by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). We used an open-source version of EPP and recoded Spectrum for speed, and used updated assumptions from systematic reviews of the literature and GBD demographic data. For countries with high-quality vital registration data, we developed the cohort incidence bias adjustment model to estimate HIV incidence and prevalence largely from the number of deaths caused by HIV recorded in cause-of-death statistics. We corrected these statistics for garbage coding and HIV misclassifi cation. Findings Global HIV incidence reached its peak in 1997, at 3•3 million new infections (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3•1-3•4 million). Annual incidence has stayed relatively constant at about 2•6 million per year (range 2•5-2•8 million) since 2005, after a period of fast decline between 1997 and 2005. The number of people living with HIV/AIDS has been steadily increasing and reached 38•8 million (95% UI 37•6-40•4 million) in 2015. At the same time, HIV/AIDS mortality has been declining at a steady pace, from a peak of 1•8 million deaths (95% UI 1•7-1•9 million) in 2005, to 1•2 million deaths (1•1-1•3 million) in 2015. We recorded substantial heterogeneity in the levels and trends of HIV/AIDS across countries. Although many countries have experienced decreases in HIV/AIDS mortality and in annual new infections, other countries have had slowdowns or increases in rates of change in annual new infections. Interpretation Scale-up of ART and prevention of mother-to-child transmission has been one of the great successes of global health in the past two decades. However, in the past decade, progress in reducing new infections has been slow, development assistance for health devoted to HIV has stagnated, and resources for health in low-income countries have grown slowly. Achievement of the new ambitious goals for HIV enshrined in Sustainable Development Goal 3 and the 90-90-90 UNAIDS targets will be challenging, and will need continued eff orts from governments and international agencies in the next 15 years to end AIDS by 2030.
Most methods used by food industries to decontaminate eggs involve washing of egg surface with va... more Most methods used by food industries to decontaminate eggs involve washing of egg surface with various chemicals. In this study, the effectiveness of two organic decontaminants viz., acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) and cell free culture supernatant (CFCS) of two lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus cerevisiae) was evaluated for the decontamination of spiked Salmonella Typhimurium on chicken egg shell surface. Acidified sodium chlorite at 100 µl/L concentration with the contact time of 20 min completely inhibited S. Typhimurium on egg shell surface while at 50 µl/L concentration 1-2 log10 units reduction was observed in counts of S. Typhimurium as compared to control group. Likewise, CFCS of P. cerevisiae completely inhibited the growth of S. Typhimurium on 30 min contact, whereas L. plantarum and combination of both were revealed significant reduction in the counts of S. Typhimurium counts.
Portal vein thrombosis is considered a relative contraindication for transarterial chemoembolizat... more Portal vein thrombosis is considered a relative contraindication for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in hepatocellular carcinoma. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of TACE treatment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein (PV) thrombosis. From April 2011 to June 2013, 17 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with PV thrombosis were studied. Patients were assessed for tumor response by imaging at regular intervals and the data compared with the baseline laboratory and imaging characteristics obtained before treatment. Univariate analysis was used to assess the treatments impact on patient survival. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier estimations. Overall survival rates at three, six and 12 months were 82%, 71%, and 47%, respectively, with a median of 10 months. Patients in Child-Pugh class A had a median survival of 15 months compared to five months for those patients in Child-Pugh class B. The median survival...
Salmonellosis outbreaks related to consumption of raw almonds have encouraged the scientific comm... more Salmonellosis outbreaks related to consumption of raw almonds have encouraged the scientific community to study the inactivation kinetics of pathogens in this dry commodity. However, the low moisture content of the product presents a challenge for thermal control, because the time required to achieve the desired thermal inactivation of microorganisms increases sharply with reduced moisture content and water activity. In this study, we explored and modeled the heat inactivation of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis PT 30 in almond cultivar ‘Nonpareil’ kernel flour at four water activity (aw) values (0.601, 0.720, 0.888, and 0.946) using four temperatures for each aw. The results showed that the inactivation was well fitted by both Weibull distribution (R2 = 0.93 to 1.00) and first-order kinetics (R2 = 0.82 to 0.96). At higher aw values, the rate of inactivation increased and less time was needed to achieve the required population reduction. These results suggest that, to avoid d...
Fever/pyrexia of unknown origin is defined as temperature Ͼ38.5°C lasting for Ͼ3 weeks, of which ... more Fever/pyrexia of unknown origin is defined as temperature Ͼ38.5°C lasting for Ͼ3 weeks, of which at least 2 weeks have been spent in thorough investigations. We present a case of an elderly gentleman who had pyrexia of unknown origin and whose PET scan was useful to localize the site of extranodal lymphoma. An 80-year-old gentleman presented with intermittent fever for past 2 months. He reported loss of appetite and subsequent weight loss. There was no demonstrable abnormality on clinical examination. His blood cytology, blood biochemistry, and conventional radiology were unremarkable. He was referred for a whole-body F-18 FDG PET/CT scan. The study revealed intense metabolic activity within the penis. Clinically, there were no signs of inflammation in the genitals. On a follow-up visit, tenderness was observed during per rectal examination. Another follow-up sonography revealed inflammation in the epididymis. Hence, he underwent biopsy of the testicle and scrotal tissue, which revealed non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
WEB This is a Web exclusive article. OBJECTIVE. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical outcomes, te... more WEB This is a Web exclusive article. OBJECTIVE. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical outcomes, techniques, and complications of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for treating gastric varices with spontaneous gastrosystemic shunts. MATERIALS AND METHODS. From November 2002 through October 2005, 49 consecutive patients with gastric varices were treated by balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration. The sclerosant was injected through the outflow veins during balloon occlusion. Immediate postprocedural CT scans were obtained to evaluate the procedural details. Recurrence and rebleeding of gastric varices and worsening of esophageal varices were evaluated by endoscopic examination and CT. The survival rates and prognostic factors after the procedure were also assessed. RESULTS. There were six procedural failures and two procedure-related deaths. Disappearance or marked shrinkage of the treated gastric varices with no recurrent gastric variceal bleeding was noted in 39 patients (79.6% clinical success rate). Approximately two thirds of our patients experienced worsening of esophageal varices during the median follow-up period of 457 days. The cumulative survival rates at 1 year and 3 years after balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration were 83.1% and 65.7%, respectively. The prognostic factors associated with survival were the preprocedural Child-Pugh classification and the total bilirubin level. The survival rates and procedural outcomes for the patients with severely compromised liver function were poor. CONCLUSION. Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration is an effective treatment for the obliteration of gastric varices. However, application of this procedure to severely compromised patients should be considered carefully.
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