This study was carried out to estimate the water quality index of Kanwar wetland, which is one of... more This study was carried out to estimate the water quality index of Kanwar wetland, which is one of the largest natural, inland wetlands in the Gangetic plain and supports water demands of a larger population. We have identified seventeen water parameters and monitored them in three stretches, i.e., upper, middle and lower, of the wetland for 3 years from 2014 to 2016. We developed a rating scale on the basis of previously reported guidelines and the tolerance limits given by various standardization agencies for the surface water. Further, the weightage was given to each parameter as per their importance in the range of 1-5, and finally water quality index value was calculated by the weighted arithmetic method. The water quality index values (73-79) are of class-II-type water that requires preliminary treatment before human use. All water quality parameters varied significantly across the wetland stretches during the study years. In year 2014, water quality index value was the lowest and showed maximum extent uniformity, but during the years 2015 and 2016 it increased and the uniformity reduced across the wetland stretches, which is an indication of deteriorating quality of water.
The manifestation of class D β-lactamases in the community raises significant concern as they can... more The manifestation of class D β-lactamases in the community raises significant concern as they can hydrolyze carbapenem antibiotics. Hence, it is exceptionally alluring to design novel inhibitors. Structure-based virtual screening using docking programs and molecular dynamics simulations was employed to identify two novel non-β-lactam compounds that possess the ability to block different OXA variants. Furthermore, the presence of a nonpolar aliphatic amino acid, valine, near the active site serine, was identified in all OXA variants that can be accounted to block the catalytic activity of OXA enzymes.
Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies
To evaluate the bioavailability of exemestane (EXM) from self-microemulsifying drug delivery syst... more To evaluate the bioavailability of exemestane (EXM) from self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) and suspension formulations, a sensitive, specific and rapid liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric method was developed and validated. The analyte was extracted from plasma samples and detected by mass spectrometry with an atmospheric pressure positive-ion chemical ionization (APCI) mode using a heated nebulizer interface. Progesterone (PGS) was used as
Background: The effect of forest fire on soil is complex and relatively less understood than its ... more Background: The effect of forest fire on soil is complex and relatively less understood than its above ground effect. Understanding the effect of fire on forest soils can allow improving management of valuable forest ecosystems as adequate and proper information is very important for efficient management. We have studied the recovery of soil properties after fire, using a chronosequence approach (two, five and fifteen years after fire and control). Soil samples were collected from each plot of four fire patches (B0, B2, B5 & B15) from three different depths viz. 0-10 (Top), 10-20 (Middle), and 20-30 cm (Bottom). Results: Soil organic carbon was lower than unburned plots after the fire and could not recover to the level of unburned plot (B0) even in 15 years. Total N, available P, and extractable K were lower 2-years and 5-years after the fire but are higher than unburned plot after 15-years. Available nitrogen (NO 3 − and NH 4 +) remain unchanged or higher than B0 in burned patches. Soil pH, Bulk Density, Water Holding Capacity, and Electrical Conductivity was lower initially after the fire. Forest fires have affected soil properties considerably. The response of soil properties varied with years after fire and soil depth. Conclusion: Forest fires occur very frequently in the study area. Significant quantities of carbon and total nitrogen are lost to the atmosphere by burning of litter, duff, and soil OM. Because nitrogen is one of the most important soil nutrients, the recapture of N lost by volatilization during a fire must receive special attention. Long-term studies are required to better understand the recovery of soil nitrogen.
s L. (family: Selaginaceae), is often used in traditional Indian systems of medicine for the prev... more s L. (family: Selaginaceae), is often used in traditional Indian systems of medicine for the prevention and cure of several disorders and for the treatment of patient with spermatorrhoea, venereal disease, constipation, colitis, urinary tract infections, fever, epilepsy, leucorrhoea, beri-beri and cancer. It is also used as a strength tonic. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of topically administered aqueous, polar and non-polar methanolic fractions (10 mg/20 μL) of . An acute oral toxicity study of at doses from 250 to 2,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) was performed. Aqueous, polar and non-polar methanolic extracts (10 mg/20 μL) applied topically for 5 days were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects against 12-tetra-O-decanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation by using the redness in the ear, the ear's weight (edema), oxidative stress parameters, such as lipid-peroxide (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO), and the pro-inflam...
Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003), Jan 9, 2018
The synthesis of pyridine alcohol based ruthenium carbonyl clusters Ru3(hep)2(CO)8 (1), Ru3(hpp)2... more The synthesis of pyridine alcohol based ruthenium carbonyl clusters Ru3(hep)2(CO)8 (1), Ru3(hpp)2(CO)8 (2), and Ru3(bhmp-H)2(CO)8 (3) {hep-H = 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyridine, hpp-H = 2-(3-hydroxypropyl)pyridine and bhmp-H2 = 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine} has been carried out by the reaction of the corresponding pyridine-alcohol ligands with Ru3(CO)12. Clusters 1-3 have been characterized using elemental analysis, NMR, FT-IR, mass spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray structures. The clusters were explored for the selective catalytic transformation of primary amines into secondary amines using alcohols as the mono-alkylating agents via hydrogen transfer reactions. All three display efficient catalytic activity with 1 being the most effective.
Late-life depression (LLD) is a major depressive disorder that affects someone after the age of 6... more Late-life depression (LLD) is a major depressive disorder that affects someone after the age of 60 years. LLD is frequently associated with inadequate response and remission from antidepressants, in addition to polypharmacy. Pharmacogenetics offers a promising approach to improve clinical outcomes in LLD via new discoveries determining the genetic basis of response rates and side effects, as well as the development of tailored pharmacogenetic-based decision support tools. This invited review evaluates the LLD pharmacogenetic evidence base and the extent to which this was incorporated into existing commercial decision support tools and clinical pharmacogenetic guidelines.
Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences - Section A
An anomalous dispersion method for determining the signs of centrosymmetric reflections using dat... more An anomalous dispersion method for determining the signs of centrosymmetric reflections using data collected with two wavelengths has been suggested. The method gives the scale factor and the signs of the structure amplitudes simultaneously. An extension of this method to neutron anomalous dispersion has also been suggested.
The term 'mood stabiliser' is ill-defined and lacks clinical utility. We propose a framew... more The term 'mood stabiliser' is ill-defined and lacks clinical utility. We propose a framework to evaluate medications and effectively communicate their mood stabilising properties - their acute and prophylactic efficacy across the domains of mania and depression. The standardised framework provides a common definition to facilitate research and clinical practice. The Treatment Algorithm Group (TAG) was supported logistically by Servier who provided financial assistance with travel and accommodation for those TAG members travelling interstate or overseas to attend the meeting in Sydney (held on 18 November 2017). None of the committee were paid to participate in this project and Servier have not had any input into the content, format or outputs from this project.
CNS & neurological disorders drug targets, Jan 27, 2018
Over the last two decades, Alzheimer disease (AD) associated research has accomplished an overwhe... more Over the last two decades, Alzheimer disease (AD) associated research has accomplished an overwhelming momentum, as it is one of the major current healthcare issues in the developed world. AD is characterized by the presence of Aβ mediated extracellular amyloid fibrils and tau-mediated intracellular neurofibrillar tangles and reports highlight their subsequent effects on neuronal synaptic activity, antioxidant response and recently explored mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, recent reports have demonstrated the mitochondrial dysfunction and associated physiological as well as cellular alterations triggered by fibrillar structures inside the brain tissue. Accumulated evidence indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction also play the detrimental role in AD pathogenesis and reduction in mitochondrial dysfunction may provide an additional beneficial effect in AD patients. Currently available drugs are ineffective in disease progression and more symptomatic while mechanism oriented dr...
Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.], Jan 16, 2018
Pain is an unpleasant sensation triggered by noxious stimulation. It is one of the most prevalent... more Pain is an unpleasant sensation triggered by noxious stimulation. It is one of the most prevalent conditions, limiting productivity and diminishing quality of life. Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used as pain relievers in present day practice as pain is mostly initiated due to inflammation. However, due to potentially serious side effects, long term use of these antihyperalgesic drugs raises concern. Therefore there is a demand to search novel medicines with least side effects. Herbal products have been used for centuries to reduce pain and inflammation, and phytochemicals are known to cause fewer side effects. However, identification of active phytochemicals of herbal medicines and clear understanding of the molecular mechanism of their action is needed for clinical acceptance. In this review, we have briefly discussed the cellular and molecular changes during hyperalgesia via inflammatory mediators and neuro-modulatory action involved therein. The review...
In December 2015, the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists published a compr... more In December 2015, the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists published a comprehensive set of mood disorder clinical practice guidelines for psychiatrists, psychologists and mental health professionals. This guideline summary, directed broadly at primary care physicians, is an abridged version that focuses on major depression. It emphasises the importance of shared decision making, tailoring personalised care to the individual, and delivering care in the context of a therapeutic relationship. In practice, the management of depression is determined by a multitude of factors, including illness severity and putative aetiology, with the principal objectives of regaining premorbid functioning and improving resilience against recurrence of future episodes. Main recommendations: The guidelines emphasise a biopsychosocial lifestyle approach and provide the following specific clinical recommendations: Alongside or before prescribing any form of treatment, consideration sho...
In December 2015, the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists published a compr... more In December 2015, the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists published a comprehensive set of mood disorder clinical practice guidelines for psychiatrists, psychologists and mental health professionals. This guideline summary, directed broadly at primary care physicians, is an abridged version that focuses on bipolar disorder. It is intended as an aid to the management of this complex disorder for primary care physicians working in collaboration with psychiatrists to implement successful long term management. Main recommendations: The guidelines address the main phases of bipolar disorder with a particular emphasis on long term management, and provide specific clinical recommendations. Mania: All physicians should be able to detect its early signs so that treatment can be initiated promptly. At the outset, taper and cease medications with mood-elevating properties and institute measures to reduce stimulation, and transfer the patient to specialist care. Bipolar de...
This study was carried out to estimate the water quality index of Kanwar wetland, which is one of... more This study was carried out to estimate the water quality index of Kanwar wetland, which is one of the largest natural, inland wetlands in the Gangetic plain and supports water demands of a larger population. We have identified seventeen water parameters and monitored them in three stretches, i.e., upper, middle and lower, of the wetland for 3 years from 2014 to 2016. We developed a rating scale on the basis of previously reported guidelines and the tolerance limits given by various standardization agencies for the surface water. Further, the weightage was given to each parameter as per their importance in the range of 1-5, and finally water quality index value was calculated by the weighted arithmetic method. The water quality index values (73-79) are of class-II-type water that requires preliminary treatment before human use. All water quality parameters varied significantly across the wetland stretches during the study years. In year 2014, water quality index value was the lowest and showed maximum extent uniformity, but during the years 2015 and 2016 it increased and the uniformity reduced across the wetland stretches, which is an indication of deteriorating quality of water.
The manifestation of class D β-lactamases in the community raises significant concern as they can... more The manifestation of class D β-lactamases in the community raises significant concern as they can hydrolyze carbapenem antibiotics. Hence, it is exceptionally alluring to design novel inhibitors. Structure-based virtual screening using docking programs and molecular dynamics simulations was employed to identify two novel non-β-lactam compounds that possess the ability to block different OXA variants. Furthermore, the presence of a nonpolar aliphatic amino acid, valine, near the active site serine, was identified in all OXA variants that can be accounted to block the catalytic activity of OXA enzymes.
Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies
To evaluate the bioavailability of exemestane (EXM) from self-microemulsifying drug delivery syst... more To evaluate the bioavailability of exemestane (EXM) from self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) and suspension formulations, a sensitive, specific and rapid liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric method was developed and validated. The analyte was extracted from plasma samples and detected by mass spectrometry with an atmospheric pressure positive-ion chemical ionization (APCI) mode using a heated nebulizer interface. Progesterone (PGS) was used as
Background: The effect of forest fire on soil is complex and relatively less understood than its ... more Background: The effect of forest fire on soil is complex and relatively less understood than its above ground effect. Understanding the effect of fire on forest soils can allow improving management of valuable forest ecosystems as adequate and proper information is very important for efficient management. We have studied the recovery of soil properties after fire, using a chronosequence approach (two, five and fifteen years after fire and control). Soil samples were collected from each plot of four fire patches (B0, B2, B5 & B15) from three different depths viz. 0-10 (Top), 10-20 (Middle), and 20-30 cm (Bottom). Results: Soil organic carbon was lower than unburned plots after the fire and could not recover to the level of unburned plot (B0) even in 15 years. Total N, available P, and extractable K were lower 2-years and 5-years after the fire but are higher than unburned plot after 15-years. Available nitrogen (NO 3 − and NH 4 +) remain unchanged or higher than B0 in burned patches. Soil pH, Bulk Density, Water Holding Capacity, and Electrical Conductivity was lower initially after the fire. Forest fires have affected soil properties considerably. The response of soil properties varied with years after fire and soil depth. Conclusion: Forest fires occur very frequently in the study area. Significant quantities of carbon and total nitrogen are lost to the atmosphere by burning of litter, duff, and soil OM. Because nitrogen is one of the most important soil nutrients, the recapture of N lost by volatilization during a fire must receive special attention. Long-term studies are required to better understand the recovery of soil nitrogen.
s L. (family: Selaginaceae), is often used in traditional Indian systems of medicine for the prev... more s L. (family: Selaginaceae), is often used in traditional Indian systems of medicine for the prevention and cure of several disorders and for the treatment of patient with spermatorrhoea, venereal disease, constipation, colitis, urinary tract infections, fever, epilepsy, leucorrhoea, beri-beri and cancer. It is also used as a strength tonic. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of topically administered aqueous, polar and non-polar methanolic fractions (10 mg/20 μL) of . An acute oral toxicity study of at doses from 250 to 2,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) was performed. Aqueous, polar and non-polar methanolic extracts (10 mg/20 μL) applied topically for 5 days were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects against 12-tetra-O-decanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation by using the redness in the ear, the ear's weight (edema), oxidative stress parameters, such as lipid-peroxide (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO), and the pro-inflam...
Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003), Jan 9, 2018
The synthesis of pyridine alcohol based ruthenium carbonyl clusters Ru3(hep)2(CO)8 (1), Ru3(hpp)2... more The synthesis of pyridine alcohol based ruthenium carbonyl clusters Ru3(hep)2(CO)8 (1), Ru3(hpp)2(CO)8 (2), and Ru3(bhmp-H)2(CO)8 (3) {hep-H = 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyridine, hpp-H = 2-(3-hydroxypropyl)pyridine and bhmp-H2 = 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine} has been carried out by the reaction of the corresponding pyridine-alcohol ligands with Ru3(CO)12. Clusters 1-3 have been characterized using elemental analysis, NMR, FT-IR, mass spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray structures. The clusters were explored for the selective catalytic transformation of primary amines into secondary amines using alcohols as the mono-alkylating agents via hydrogen transfer reactions. All three display efficient catalytic activity with 1 being the most effective.
Late-life depression (LLD) is a major depressive disorder that affects someone after the age of 6... more Late-life depression (LLD) is a major depressive disorder that affects someone after the age of 60 years. LLD is frequently associated with inadequate response and remission from antidepressants, in addition to polypharmacy. Pharmacogenetics offers a promising approach to improve clinical outcomes in LLD via new discoveries determining the genetic basis of response rates and side effects, as well as the development of tailored pharmacogenetic-based decision support tools. This invited review evaluates the LLD pharmacogenetic evidence base and the extent to which this was incorporated into existing commercial decision support tools and clinical pharmacogenetic guidelines.
Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences - Section A
An anomalous dispersion method for determining the signs of centrosymmetric reflections using dat... more An anomalous dispersion method for determining the signs of centrosymmetric reflections using data collected with two wavelengths has been suggested. The method gives the scale factor and the signs of the structure amplitudes simultaneously. An extension of this method to neutron anomalous dispersion has also been suggested.
The term 'mood stabiliser' is ill-defined and lacks clinical utility. We propose a framew... more The term 'mood stabiliser' is ill-defined and lacks clinical utility. We propose a framework to evaluate medications and effectively communicate their mood stabilising properties - their acute and prophylactic efficacy across the domains of mania and depression. The standardised framework provides a common definition to facilitate research and clinical practice. The Treatment Algorithm Group (TAG) was supported logistically by Servier who provided financial assistance with travel and accommodation for those TAG members travelling interstate or overseas to attend the meeting in Sydney (held on 18 November 2017). None of the committee were paid to participate in this project and Servier have not had any input into the content, format or outputs from this project.
CNS & neurological disorders drug targets, Jan 27, 2018
Over the last two decades, Alzheimer disease (AD) associated research has accomplished an overwhe... more Over the last two decades, Alzheimer disease (AD) associated research has accomplished an overwhelming momentum, as it is one of the major current healthcare issues in the developed world. AD is characterized by the presence of Aβ mediated extracellular amyloid fibrils and tau-mediated intracellular neurofibrillar tangles and reports highlight their subsequent effects on neuronal synaptic activity, antioxidant response and recently explored mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, recent reports have demonstrated the mitochondrial dysfunction and associated physiological as well as cellular alterations triggered by fibrillar structures inside the brain tissue. Accumulated evidence indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction also play the detrimental role in AD pathogenesis and reduction in mitochondrial dysfunction may provide an additional beneficial effect in AD patients. Currently available drugs are ineffective in disease progression and more symptomatic while mechanism oriented dr...
Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.], Jan 16, 2018
Pain is an unpleasant sensation triggered by noxious stimulation. It is one of the most prevalent... more Pain is an unpleasant sensation triggered by noxious stimulation. It is one of the most prevalent conditions, limiting productivity and diminishing quality of life. Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used as pain relievers in present day practice as pain is mostly initiated due to inflammation. However, due to potentially serious side effects, long term use of these antihyperalgesic drugs raises concern. Therefore there is a demand to search novel medicines with least side effects. Herbal products have been used for centuries to reduce pain and inflammation, and phytochemicals are known to cause fewer side effects. However, identification of active phytochemicals of herbal medicines and clear understanding of the molecular mechanism of their action is needed for clinical acceptance. In this review, we have briefly discussed the cellular and molecular changes during hyperalgesia via inflammatory mediators and neuro-modulatory action involved therein. The review...
In December 2015, the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists published a compr... more In December 2015, the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists published a comprehensive set of mood disorder clinical practice guidelines for psychiatrists, psychologists and mental health professionals. This guideline summary, directed broadly at primary care physicians, is an abridged version that focuses on major depression. It emphasises the importance of shared decision making, tailoring personalised care to the individual, and delivering care in the context of a therapeutic relationship. In practice, the management of depression is determined by a multitude of factors, including illness severity and putative aetiology, with the principal objectives of regaining premorbid functioning and improving resilience against recurrence of future episodes. Main recommendations: The guidelines emphasise a biopsychosocial lifestyle approach and provide the following specific clinical recommendations: Alongside or before prescribing any form of treatment, consideration sho...
In December 2015, the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists published a compr... more In December 2015, the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists published a comprehensive set of mood disorder clinical practice guidelines for psychiatrists, psychologists and mental health professionals. This guideline summary, directed broadly at primary care physicians, is an abridged version that focuses on bipolar disorder. It is intended as an aid to the management of this complex disorder for primary care physicians working in collaboration with psychiatrists to implement successful long term management. Main recommendations: The guidelines address the main phases of bipolar disorder with a particular emphasis on long term management, and provide specific clinical recommendations. Mania: All physicians should be able to detect its early signs so that treatment can be initiated promptly. At the outset, taper and cease medications with mood-elevating properties and institute measures to reduce stimulation, and transfer the patient to specialist care. Bipolar de...
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Papers by Ajeet Singh