Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is an important pathogen, which infects horses worldwide with high m... more Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is an important pathogen, which infects horses worldwide with high morbidity but low mortality rates. The respiratory disorders and abortions are the most common indicators. Ab4p (an abortigenic and paralytic virus) is one of the most important and virulent strains. The development and functional characterization of the open reading frame-68 (ORF68) negative EHV-1 Ab4p mutants and an assessment of their roles in the infection at the cellular level were the main targets of the current study. Escherichia coli DH10β containing the Ab4p bacterial artificial chromosome (pAb4pBAC) and Red/ET expression vector were used to develop different ORF68 mutants. Multi-step growth kinetic experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the growth properties of the constructed mutant viruses. Growth of the Ab4pΔORF68 showed the lowest titer, compared to the Ab4pΔORF68R, Ab4pΔORF68R non-sense, and the parent Ab4p viruses without any significant difference (P > 0.05). ...
This study was carried out on ten puppies which subjected to experimental nephrotoxicity by genta... more This study was carried out on ten puppies which subjected to experimental nephrotoxicity by gentamycine. The clinical examination of puppies were dullness, restlessness, polyuria, polydipsia, vomiting, severe salivation and dehydration. Sonographic examination of the affected kidneys in puppies was changed to show greater echogenicity of the renal cortex. These changes were more distinct after 10th of injection and characterized by appearance of intensive hyperechogenicity and complete loss of corticomedullary junction. in relation to hematological parameters which revealed homoconcentration, leukocytosis and neutrophilia at 5th day and reach its maximum value at 10th day. At this time, serum analysis indicated increase serum urea, creatinin and uric acid at 5 and 10 days respectively. Serum total proteins and albumin decreased at 5th day of injection at 10 day respectively. Microscopically, examination of the affected kidneys revealed diffuse coagulative necrosis of most of the ren...
2nd Annual International Conference on Veterinary Science Research (VETSCI 2014), 2014
This study focused on determining the frequency and morphological identification of yeast involve... more This study focused on determining the frequency and morphological identification of yeast involved in unresponsive calves' diarrhea by antibiotics, with molecular identification of C. albicans. C. albicans the most frequently isolated yeast in this study and its Phospholipase B1 (PLB1) gene as a virulence factor. One hundred fecal samples from diarrheic calves were investigated, 49 strains of yeast were isolated. Thirty four different strains (69.3%) classified as Candida were identified based on phenotypic properties. The dominating species were C. albicans (20.4%) Followed by C. glabrata (16.3%), G. candidum (14.3%), C. krusei (12.2%), C. tropicalis (10.2%), C. guilliermondii (10.2%), R. rubra (8.2%) and C. neoformans (8.2%). seven out of ten strains phenotypically identified as C. albicans were confirmed by PCR using specific primers for the amplification of a fragment of the rRNA gene of C. albicans. Phospholipase B1 gene a virulence determinant of C. albicans, was detected in all molecularly identified C. albicans isolates. The results of the present study indicate the importance of PCR as more rapid, effective and reliable tool for screening of yeast spp. than the phenotypic methods. When confronted with cases of undifferentiated calf diarrhea to avoid unnecessary and potentially harmful antibacterial therapy.
Background/ Aim: Brucellosis is a communicable disease with highly significance in human and vete... more Background/ Aim: Brucellosis is a communicable disease with highly significance in human and veterinary practices as well as responsible forsubstantial economic losses in cattle. This study aimed to detect the incidence of brucellosis for three successive years from 2016-2018 in Monufiya governorate using Rose Bengal test. In addition to apply the Geographic Information System (GIS) 10.1 to investigate the patterns of the disease and to identify high-risk areas of the disease. Methods: A total of 75,697 animals (43,274 cattle, 19,974 buffaloes, 8,684 sheep, and 3,765 goats) were tested by RBPT and the obtained data were subjected to the Geographic Information System (GIS) 10.1 to investigate the patterns of the disease over the period from 2016-2018 and to identify high-risk areas of the disease. Results: The reported results indicated that the highest incidence rate of brucellosis in Ashmoun center 3% other than in other cities in cattle and buffaloes. In the other side, the incidence rates in both sheep and goats varied widely between cities and even in the same city within the three years. Conclusion: The animal's movement represent a major source of infection dissemination in Monufiya governorate. Strict measures and preventive strategies must be regulating to prevent the dissemination of brucellosis in Monufiya, especially in moveable flocks.
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that has serious animal welfare and economic consequences world... more Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that has serious animal welfare and economic consequences worldwide. In mammals, this stealthy intracellular pathogen causes abortion and infertility, and in humans, it produces a terrible febrile illness that can progress into a long-term condition with serious implications. The pathogenicity of brucellae is based on their ability to survive and replicate in host cells, which allows them to escape from the immune system. The gold standard test for diagnosis, which demands competence, is still isolation and identification. Advancements in diagnostic procedures and screening of recently infected animals are required to achieve effective control. Despite their drawbacks, the most widely used vaccine strains to protect against Brucella infection and relevant abortions in cattle are B. abortus strains S19 and RB51 and in small ruminants is B. melitensis Rev1. However, there are no safe vaccine candidates for humans. Therefore, it is critical needs to im...
Background and Aim: Pyoderma is common in dogs, and its treatment requires a novel medication rat... more Background and Aim: Pyoderma is common in dogs, and its treatment requires a novel medication rather than antibiotic therapy. This study aimed to determine the biochemical and histopathological changes associated with the topical application of Aloe vera 20% and 40% ointments, compared with gentamicin 0.1% ointment, in dogs suffering from Staphylococcus aureus pyoderma. Materials and Methods: Serum and skin samples were collected from a negative control group before inducing pyoderma and from other subdivided groups on the 3rd, 7th, 10th, and 14th days post-inoculation for biochemical and histopathology examination. Results: Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, and creatinine concentrations were higher in the positive control dogs on the 3rd day without treatment (DWT) compared with the negative control dogs (p<0.05). Compared with the healthy control dogs, serum zinc concentrations were lower in the positive control group on the 3rd, 7th, and 1...
Background and Aim: Fasciolosis is a cosmopolitan parasitic disease of food-producing animals and... more Background and Aim: Fasciolosis is a cosmopolitan parasitic disease of food-producing animals and is typically caused by digenetic trematodes, Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatica. It has a direct negative impact on the liver and consequently affects liver metabolism. It has indirect effects, including lowered milk production and effects on quality and general health conditions leading to extensive economic losses. This study aimed to focus on the link between clinical fasciolosis and some biochemical analysis of the hepatic profile of cattle in Chad. Materials and Methods: This study was initiated in response to emerging complaints from dairy cattle owners detecting a bitter milk cream and butter taste. Furthermore, those animals had shown poor health conditions by presenting with diarrhea. Preliminary surveillance for possible causes was performed, including fecal and serum biochemical analyses and clinical observation to diagnose the possible disease. Results: The results obt...
International Journal for Agro Veterinary and Medical Sciences, 2014
Exercise physiology is the most useful information that make the race horse such a super athlete ... more Exercise physiology is the most useful information that make the race horse such a super athlete and good managed. This study was carried out on twenty one thoroughbred race horses in order to evaluate physical fitness and performance through physical ( Heart rate, Respiratory rate, Body temperature and capillary refilling time ) , hematological ( RBCs, PCV, Hb, total and Differential leucocytic count) and hematochemical evaluation ( TP, Albumin, AST, ALT,CK,LDH, Lactic acid, Glucose, Cholestrol,Na, K, Cl and Urea , Creatinine, Ca, P and Mg ). Physical examination and Blood samples were collected before and at 5, 15 and60 min. after 1600 meter exercised. The results showed significant increase in all physiological , hematological and hematochemical parameters 5 min after exercise that returned to basal levels after 60 min. rest. The results can be useful index about horse performance, the effect of exercise on horse metabolism and helpful in management protocols of athletic horses.
Background and Aim: Ovine theileriosis caused by Theileria ovis and Theileria lestoquardi is an i... more Background and Aim: Ovine theileriosis caused by Theileria ovis and Theileria lestoquardi is an important infectious disease affecting small ruminants in regions of the tropic and subtropic zones. There is limited studies about ovine theileriosis in Egypt; so the present study aims to assess the occurrence of ovine theileriosis in Egypt at the molecular level. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 115 randomly selected sheep, which were apparently healthy; the ages of the sampled sheep ranged from 1 to 5 years old, from a local breed (barkae and balade), and showed no symptoms indicating infection with Theileria spp. The study was conducted in three governorates representing Lower Egypt (Menoufia and Beheira) and Upper Egypt (El-Wady El-Geded). All blood samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and semi-nested PCR to target Theileria spp. 18S rRNA genes. Positive samples were sequenced, and these sequences were analyzed using nucleotide basic loca...
Background and Aim: Staphylococcus pyoderma is a common problem in dogs that need a novel treatme... more Background and Aim: Staphylococcus pyoderma is a common problem in dogs that need a novel treatment rather than antibiotic therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) gel ointment on dogs' Staphylococcus pyoderma compared to gentamicin ointment. Materials and Methods: The inhibition zone of A. vera extract 20% and 40% and gentamicin 1% against Staphylococcus aureus was determined on well diffusion agar. Twenty Baladi local breed dogs were used as control negative group before intradermal inoculation with 105 CFU S. aureus. The animals were classified into four equal groups, control positive group without treatment (n=5), treated groups by 20% A. vera gel ointment (n=5), 40% A. vera gel ointment (n=5), and gentamicin ointment 1% (n=5). Topical application of A. vera and gentamicin ointments was carried out twice daily for 2 weeks until complete healing of dogs' pyod...
Veterinary Medicine and Public Health Journal, 2020
Canine distemper and parvovirus infections are amongst of the most important infectious diseases ... more Canine distemper and parvovirus infections are amongst of the most important infectious diseases of dogs. yntneceR, the range of reports of vaccinated dogs that developed canine distemper and parvovirus infections have multiplied throughout the world. The goals of this study were to evaluate the immune and hematological responses against canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) after vaccination using two commercially available vaccines. In addition, the antigenic differences between the vaccine strains of CDV and CPV and the current wild-type strains were analyzed to determine possible relationships between these vaccine strains and recent field outbreaks in vaccinated populations. The immune response of both vaccines was determined using serum neutralization and Dot-ELISA. Specific neutralizing antibodies against canine distemper and parvovirus were present in the sera of dogs three weeks after the initial vaccination for both vaccines. Peak antibody titers were documented from the second month post vaccination. Both vaccines were demonstrated to be safe and stimulate a humoral immune response. Results of serum neutralization test and Dot-ELISA were closely similar and correlated with each other. Genetic variations between strains included in both commercial vaccines and circulating wild-type strains suggest that variant strains are most likely responsible for field outbreaks of CDV and CPV in vaccinated dogs.
Although equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) infection occurs throughout the world; causing various heal... more Although equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) infection occurs throughout the world; causing various health problems within horse population such as respiratory disease, abortion and myeloencephalopathy, there is information shortage concerning the epidemiological situation of EHVs in Egypt. This paper is the first study of EHV-1 prevalence rate in Monufia province (as a model for other provinces). During 2015, two hundred and seventy serum samples from EHV non-vaccinated horses were randomly collected from 9 centres of Monufia province. The indirect ELISA was used to detect the prevalence rate of the disease while assessment of the associated risk factors was conducted using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. The results showed that EHV-1 infection was widespread among horses at Monufia province (apparent prevalence rate 64% and true prevalence rate 28%) and posed risk for the health of other equines in the region. Results of risk factors identification showed that ho...
Cats were the key species in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection, even if the proport... more Cats were the key species in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection, even if the proportion of subjects excreting oocysts is low. Two hundred and forty cats; 84 stray cats and 156 household cats brought to the Animal Reproductive Research Institute(ARRI) laboratory from different Governorates in Egypt in the period from January 2017 to July 2018. All cats were examined for oocysts of T. gondii in fecal samples and T. gondii antibodies in serum samples. In our study, the results of microscopic examination revealed that (35.71%) of T. gondii oocysts of cats in different governorates. The rate of this infection was (45.71%) in stray cats; highest positivity revealed in Menoufia Governorate (46.67%) and the lowest rate represented in Red sea Governorate(42.86%). On the other side, the lowest positive rate of fecal samples was (25.71%) in household cats; highest positivity in Menoufia Governorate (30%) and lowest rate in Red sea (12.5%). On site Toxoplasma Rapid test; IgM were (34%) the seropositivity infection 35% in stray cats and 33.33% in household cats, indicating a recent infection. IgG were 54% the seropositivity 55% in stray cats and 53.33% in household cats respectively. Results suggest that the use of microscopical methods plus PCR in feces may be the best of choice for diagnosis of feline toxoplasmosis, as it can be expected to improve the value of diagnosis procedures determining if cats are currently shedding oocysts. Detection of T. gondii using serological methods and facilitates diagnosis by On Site Rapid Test protecting citizens against the T. gondii infection from infected cats. Finally, we concluded that a key to effective management of toxoplasmosis is prompt and accurate diagnosis of disease. Stray cats probably the major source of T. gondii infection. The prevalence rate of toxoplasmosis in cats is high and this can be considered a potential danger to public health and animals due to high contamination of the environment by oocysts. Some control measures are suggested based on these findings.
Bovine mastitis is a serious problem in the dairy herds all over the world. In this study 105 mas... more Bovine mastitis is a serious problem in the dairy herds all over the world. In this study 105 mastitic milk samples were collected from small holder's cows for bacteriological and molecular diagnosis. The prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis were 20.5% and 32% respectively which were detected by clinical examination and California Mastitis Test respectively. Bacteriological results revealed that Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolated bacteria from both clinical and subclinical mastitis. Streptococcus species, Pseudomonas species, E. coli and Enterobacter species were also isolated. Application of multiplex PCR was effective in identification of bacteria causing mastitis directly from milk samples and from extracted DNA of bacteria
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2017
Introduction: Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an arthropod borne Rhabdovirus affects cattl... more Introduction: Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an arthropod borne Rhabdovirus affects cattle and water buffalo causes acute febrile disease. Methodology: The clinical picture and epidemiological pattern of BEF were described among cattle in epidemics of 2007, 2009 and 2011 in four geographical regions of Kingdom Saudi Arabia (Eastern, Jizan, Qasim, and Riyadh). Serum samples were tested using VNT. Virus isolation and molecular characterization were carried out for the first time in KSA. Results: The main clinical symptoms were fever, stiffness, lameness, salivation and subcutaneous emphysema. The prevalence and the mortality rate of BEF have decreased from 70% and 4.6% in 2007 to 30% and 0.6% in 2011, respectively in the 4 studied areas. There was no region association with higher prevalence of BEF. The intracluster correlation (ICC) was estimated for the first time in KSA as 0.0034. BEFV had been isolated from 11 out of 20 samples (55%) and isolation was confirmed by VNT. The...
The goals of this study were to measure serum vitamin A (retinol) and E (α-tocopherol) and trace ... more The goals of this study were to measure serum vitamin A (retinol) and E (α-tocopherol) and trace elements concentrations (copper, zinc and selenium) during diseases condition and to determine their association with hematological parameters and immune status of hospitalized camels. A total of 95 dromedary camels [healthy (n=65); hospitalized camels (n=30)] were included in this study. Vitamin A and E concentrations were significantly lower in hospitalized camels than apparently healthy ones (P<0.05). Hospitalized camels had lower concentrations of zinc and selenium compared to healthy camels (P<0.05). Vitamin E, copper, zinc and selenium concentrations were positively correlated with phagocytic activity in hospitalized camels (P<0.05). The likelihood of deficiency of vitamin A and E, zinc and selenium concentrations were significant in female hospitalized camels than males and in young age hospitalized camels < 6 years old compared to old ones (P<0.05). Decreased vitamin A and E and trace elements concentrations were associated with hospitalized camels' phagocytic activity and index. The prevalence of low vitamin A and E, zinc and selenium concentrations were frequent in female hospitalized camels and hospitalized camels of age < 6 years old suggesting severe oxidative stress.
Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is an important pathogen, which infects horses worldwide with high m... more Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is an important pathogen, which infects horses worldwide with high morbidity but low mortality rates. The respiratory disorders and abortions are the most common indicators. Ab4p (an abortigenic and paralytic virus) is one of the most important and virulent strains. The development and functional characterization of the open reading frame-68 (ORF68) negative EHV-1 Ab4p mutants and an assessment of their roles in the infection at the cellular level were the main targets of the current study. Escherichia coli DH10β containing the Ab4p bacterial artificial chromosome (pAb4pBAC) and Red/ET expression vector were used to develop different ORF68 mutants. Multi-step growth kinetic experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the growth properties of the constructed mutant viruses. Growth of the Ab4pΔORF68 showed the lowest titer, compared to the Ab4pΔORF68R, Ab4pΔORF68R non-sense, and the parent Ab4p viruses without any significant difference (P > 0.05). ...
This study was carried out on ten puppies which subjected to experimental nephrotoxicity by genta... more This study was carried out on ten puppies which subjected to experimental nephrotoxicity by gentamycine. The clinical examination of puppies were dullness, restlessness, polyuria, polydipsia, vomiting, severe salivation and dehydration. Sonographic examination of the affected kidneys in puppies was changed to show greater echogenicity of the renal cortex. These changes were more distinct after 10th of injection and characterized by appearance of intensive hyperechogenicity and complete loss of corticomedullary junction. in relation to hematological parameters which revealed homoconcentration, leukocytosis and neutrophilia at 5th day and reach its maximum value at 10th day. At this time, serum analysis indicated increase serum urea, creatinin and uric acid at 5 and 10 days respectively. Serum total proteins and albumin decreased at 5th day of injection at 10 day respectively. Microscopically, examination of the affected kidneys revealed diffuse coagulative necrosis of most of the ren...
2nd Annual International Conference on Veterinary Science Research (VETSCI 2014), 2014
This study focused on determining the frequency and morphological identification of yeast involve... more This study focused on determining the frequency and morphological identification of yeast involved in unresponsive calves' diarrhea by antibiotics, with molecular identification of C. albicans. C. albicans the most frequently isolated yeast in this study and its Phospholipase B1 (PLB1) gene as a virulence factor. One hundred fecal samples from diarrheic calves were investigated, 49 strains of yeast were isolated. Thirty four different strains (69.3%) classified as Candida were identified based on phenotypic properties. The dominating species were C. albicans (20.4%) Followed by C. glabrata (16.3%), G. candidum (14.3%), C. krusei (12.2%), C. tropicalis (10.2%), C. guilliermondii (10.2%), R. rubra (8.2%) and C. neoformans (8.2%). seven out of ten strains phenotypically identified as C. albicans were confirmed by PCR using specific primers for the amplification of a fragment of the rRNA gene of C. albicans. Phospholipase B1 gene a virulence determinant of C. albicans, was detected in all molecularly identified C. albicans isolates. The results of the present study indicate the importance of PCR as more rapid, effective and reliable tool for screening of yeast spp. than the phenotypic methods. When confronted with cases of undifferentiated calf diarrhea to avoid unnecessary and potentially harmful antibacterial therapy.
Background/ Aim: Brucellosis is a communicable disease with highly significance in human and vete... more Background/ Aim: Brucellosis is a communicable disease with highly significance in human and veterinary practices as well as responsible forsubstantial economic losses in cattle. This study aimed to detect the incidence of brucellosis for three successive years from 2016-2018 in Monufiya governorate using Rose Bengal test. In addition to apply the Geographic Information System (GIS) 10.1 to investigate the patterns of the disease and to identify high-risk areas of the disease. Methods: A total of 75,697 animals (43,274 cattle, 19,974 buffaloes, 8,684 sheep, and 3,765 goats) were tested by RBPT and the obtained data were subjected to the Geographic Information System (GIS) 10.1 to investigate the patterns of the disease over the period from 2016-2018 and to identify high-risk areas of the disease. Results: The reported results indicated that the highest incidence rate of brucellosis in Ashmoun center 3% other than in other cities in cattle and buffaloes. In the other side, the incidence rates in both sheep and goats varied widely between cities and even in the same city within the three years. Conclusion: The animal's movement represent a major source of infection dissemination in Monufiya governorate. Strict measures and preventive strategies must be regulating to prevent the dissemination of brucellosis in Monufiya, especially in moveable flocks.
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that has serious animal welfare and economic consequences world... more Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that has serious animal welfare and economic consequences worldwide. In mammals, this stealthy intracellular pathogen causes abortion and infertility, and in humans, it produces a terrible febrile illness that can progress into a long-term condition with serious implications. The pathogenicity of brucellae is based on their ability to survive and replicate in host cells, which allows them to escape from the immune system. The gold standard test for diagnosis, which demands competence, is still isolation and identification. Advancements in diagnostic procedures and screening of recently infected animals are required to achieve effective control. Despite their drawbacks, the most widely used vaccine strains to protect against Brucella infection and relevant abortions in cattle are B. abortus strains S19 and RB51 and in small ruminants is B. melitensis Rev1. However, there are no safe vaccine candidates for humans. Therefore, it is critical needs to im...
Background and Aim: Pyoderma is common in dogs, and its treatment requires a novel medication rat... more Background and Aim: Pyoderma is common in dogs, and its treatment requires a novel medication rather than antibiotic therapy. This study aimed to determine the biochemical and histopathological changes associated with the topical application of Aloe vera 20% and 40% ointments, compared with gentamicin 0.1% ointment, in dogs suffering from Staphylococcus aureus pyoderma. Materials and Methods: Serum and skin samples were collected from a negative control group before inducing pyoderma and from other subdivided groups on the 3rd, 7th, 10th, and 14th days post-inoculation for biochemical and histopathology examination. Results: Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, and creatinine concentrations were higher in the positive control dogs on the 3rd day without treatment (DWT) compared with the negative control dogs (p<0.05). Compared with the healthy control dogs, serum zinc concentrations were lower in the positive control group on the 3rd, 7th, and 1...
Background and Aim: Fasciolosis is a cosmopolitan parasitic disease of food-producing animals and... more Background and Aim: Fasciolosis is a cosmopolitan parasitic disease of food-producing animals and is typically caused by digenetic trematodes, Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatica. It has a direct negative impact on the liver and consequently affects liver metabolism. It has indirect effects, including lowered milk production and effects on quality and general health conditions leading to extensive economic losses. This study aimed to focus on the link between clinical fasciolosis and some biochemical analysis of the hepatic profile of cattle in Chad. Materials and Methods: This study was initiated in response to emerging complaints from dairy cattle owners detecting a bitter milk cream and butter taste. Furthermore, those animals had shown poor health conditions by presenting with diarrhea. Preliminary surveillance for possible causes was performed, including fecal and serum biochemical analyses and clinical observation to diagnose the possible disease. Results: The results obt...
International Journal for Agro Veterinary and Medical Sciences, 2014
Exercise physiology is the most useful information that make the race horse such a super athlete ... more Exercise physiology is the most useful information that make the race horse such a super athlete and good managed. This study was carried out on twenty one thoroughbred race horses in order to evaluate physical fitness and performance through physical ( Heart rate, Respiratory rate, Body temperature and capillary refilling time ) , hematological ( RBCs, PCV, Hb, total and Differential leucocytic count) and hematochemical evaluation ( TP, Albumin, AST, ALT,CK,LDH, Lactic acid, Glucose, Cholestrol,Na, K, Cl and Urea , Creatinine, Ca, P and Mg ). Physical examination and Blood samples were collected before and at 5, 15 and60 min. after 1600 meter exercised. The results showed significant increase in all physiological , hematological and hematochemical parameters 5 min after exercise that returned to basal levels after 60 min. rest. The results can be useful index about horse performance, the effect of exercise on horse metabolism and helpful in management protocols of athletic horses.
Background and Aim: Ovine theileriosis caused by Theileria ovis and Theileria lestoquardi is an i... more Background and Aim: Ovine theileriosis caused by Theileria ovis and Theileria lestoquardi is an important infectious disease affecting small ruminants in regions of the tropic and subtropic zones. There is limited studies about ovine theileriosis in Egypt; so the present study aims to assess the occurrence of ovine theileriosis in Egypt at the molecular level. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 115 randomly selected sheep, which were apparently healthy; the ages of the sampled sheep ranged from 1 to 5 years old, from a local breed (barkae and balade), and showed no symptoms indicating infection with Theileria spp. The study was conducted in three governorates representing Lower Egypt (Menoufia and Beheira) and Upper Egypt (El-Wady El-Geded). All blood samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and semi-nested PCR to target Theileria spp. 18S rRNA genes. Positive samples were sequenced, and these sequences were analyzed using nucleotide basic loca...
Background and Aim: Staphylococcus pyoderma is a common problem in dogs that need a novel treatme... more Background and Aim: Staphylococcus pyoderma is a common problem in dogs that need a novel treatment rather than antibiotic therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) gel ointment on dogs' Staphylococcus pyoderma compared to gentamicin ointment. Materials and Methods: The inhibition zone of A. vera extract 20% and 40% and gentamicin 1% against Staphylococcus aureus was determined on well diffusion agar. Twenty Baladi local breed dogs were used as control negative group before intradermal inoculation with 105 CFU S. aureus. The animals were classified into four equal groups, control positive group without treatment (n=5), treated groups by 20% A. vera gel ointment (n=5), 40% A. vera gel ointment (n=5), and gentamicin ointment 1% (n=5). Topical application of A. vera and gentamicin ointments was carried out twice daily for 2 weeks until complete healing of dogs' pyod...
Veterinary Medicine and Public Health Journal, 2020
Canine distemper and parvovirus infections are amongst of the most important infectious diseases ... more Canine distemper and parvovirus infections are amongst of the most important infectious diseases of dogs. yntneceR, the range of reports of vaccinated dogs that developed canine distemper and parvovirus infections have multiplied throughout the world. The goals of this study were to evaluate the immune and hematological responses against canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) after vaccination using two commercially available vaccines. In addition, the antigenic differences between the vaccine strains of CDV and CPV and the current wild-type strains were analyzed to determine possible relationships between these vaccine strains and recent field outbreaks in vaccinated populations. The immune response of both vaccines was determined using serum neutralization and Dot-ELISA. Specific neutralizing antibodies against canine distemper and parvovirus were present in the sera of dogs three weeks after the initial vaccination for both vaccines. Peak antibody titers were documented from the second month post vaccination. Both vaccines were demonstrated to be safe and stimulate a humoral immune response. Results of serum neutralization test and Dot-ELISA were closely similar and correlated with each other. Genetic variations between strains included in both commercial vaccines and circulating wild-type strains suggest that variant strains are most likely responsible for field outbreaks of CDV and CPV in vaccinated dogs.
Although equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) infection occurs throughout the world; causing various heal... more Although equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) infection occurs throughout the world; causing various health problems within horse population such as respiratory disease, abortion and myeloencephalopathy, there is information shortage concerning the epidemiological situation of EHVs in Egypt. This paper is the first study of EHV-1 prevalence rate in Monufia province (as a model for other provinces). During 2015, two hundred and seventy serum samples from EHV non-vaccinated horses were randomly collected from 9 centres of Monufia province. The indirect ELISA was used to detect the prevalence rate of the disease while assessment of the associated risk factors was conducted using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. The results showed that EHV-1 infection was widespread among horses at Monufia province (apparent prevalence rate 64% and true prevalence rate 28%) and posed risk for the health of other equines in the region. Results of risk factors identification showed that ho...
Cats were the key species in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection, even if the proport... more Cats were the key species in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection, even if the proportion of subjects excreting oocysts is low. Two hundred and forty cats; 84 stray cats and 156 household cats brought to the Animal Reproductive Research Institute(ARRI) laboratory from different Governorates in Egypt in the period from January 2017 to July 2018. All cats were examined for oocysts of T. gondii in fecal samples and T. gondii antibodies in serum samples. In our study, the results of microscopic examination revealed that (35.71%) of T. gondii oocysts of cats in different governorates. The rate of this infection was (45.71%) in stray cats; highest positivity revealed in Menoufia Governorate (46.67%) and the lowest rate represented in Red sea Governorate(42.86%). On the other side, the lowest positive rate of fecal samples was (25.71%) in household cats; highest positivity in Menoufia Governorate (30%) and lowest rate in Red sea (12.5%). On site Toxoplasma Rapid test; IgM were (34%) the seropositivity infection 35% in stray cats and 33.33% in household cats, indicating a recent infection. IgG were 54% the seropositivity 55% in stray cats and 53.33% in household cats respectively. Results suggest that the use of microscopical methods plus PCR in feces may be the best of choice for diagnosis of feline toxoplasmosis, as it can be expected to improve the value of diagnosis procedures determining if cats are currently shedding oocysts. Detection of T. gondii using serological methods and facilitates diagnosis by On Site Rapid Test protecting citizens against the T. gondii infection from infected cats. Finally, we concluded that a key to effective management of toxoplasmosis is prompt and accurate diagnosis of disease. Stray cats probably the major source of T. gondii infection. The prevalence rate of toxoplasmosis in cats is high and this can be considered a potential danger to public health and animals due to high contamination of the environment by oocysts. Some control measures are suggested based on these findings.
Bovine mastitis is a serious problem in the dairy herds all over the world. In this study 105 mas... more Bovine mastitis is a serious problem in the dairy herds all over the world. In this study 105 mastitic milk samples were collected from small holder's cows for bacteriological and molecular diagnosis. The prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis were 20.5% and 32% respectively which were detected by clinical examination and California Mastitis Test respectively. Bacteriological results revealed that Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolated bacteria from both clinical and subclinical mastitis. Streptococcus species, Pseudomonas species, E. coli and Enterobacter species were also isolated. Application of multiplex PCR was effective in identification of bacteria causing mastitis directly from milk samples and from extracted DNA of bacteria
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2017
Introduction: Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an arthropod borne Rhabdovirus affects cattl... more Introduction: Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an arthropod borne Rhabdovirus affects cattle and water buffalo causes acute febrile disease. Methodology: The clinical picture and epidemiological pattern of BEF were described among cattle in epidemics of 2007, 2009 and 2011 in four geographical regions of Kingdom Saudi Arabia (Eastern, Jizan, Qasim, and Riyadh). Serum samples were tested using VNT. Virus isolation and molecular characterization were carried out for the first time in KSA. Results: The main clinical symptoms were fever, stiffness, lameness, salivation and subcutaneous emphysema. The prevalence and the mortality rate of BEF have decreased from 70% and 4.6% in 2007 to 30% and 0.6% in 2011, respectively in the 4 studied areas. There was no region association with higher prevalence of BEF. The intracluster correlation (ICC) was estimated for the first time in KSA as 0.0034. BEFV had been isolated from 11 out of 20 samples (55%) and isolation was confirmed by VNT. The...
The goals of this study were to measure serum vitamin A (retinol) and E (α-tocopherol) and trace ... more The goals of this study were to measure serum vitamin A (retinol) and E (α-tocopherol) and trace elements concentrations (copper, zinc and selenium) during diseases condition and to determine their association with hematological parameters and immune status of hospitalized camels. A total of 95 dromedary camels [healthy (n=65); hospitalized camels (n=30)] were included in this study. Vitamin A and E concentrations were significantly lower in hospitalized camels than apparently healthy ones (P<0.05). Hospitalized camels had lower concentrations of zinc and selenium compared to healthy camels (P<0.05). Vitamin E, copper, zinc and selenium concentrations were positively correlated with phagocytic activity in hospitalized camels (P<0.05). The likelihood of deficiency of vitamin A and E, zinc and selenium concentrations were significant in female hospitalized camels than males and in young age hospitalized camels < 6 years old compared to old ones (P<0.05). Decreased vitamin A and E and trace elements concentrations were associated with hospitalized camels' phagocytic activity and index. The prevalence of low vitamin A and E, zinc and selenium concentrations were frequent in female hospitalized camels and hospitalized camels of age < 6 years old suggesting severe oxidative stress.
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Papers by Ahmed ElSify