In this chapter, various novel and well-noted approaches for corrosion preventive coatings have b... more In this chapter, various novel and well-noted approaches for corrosion preventive coatings have been discussed. Very well-documented factors that affect the corrosion mechanism are environmental factors, metal, and surface conditions and are elaborated in detail. Various modern, highly approachable, and currently used coating approaches are expanded and explained. This chapter provides a full view of the modern techniques used for corrosion prevention and cure.
Functionally active membranes made of cellulosic microfibers (CMFs) have emerged as promising sor... more Functionally active membranes made of cellulosic microfibers (CMFs) have emerged as promising sorbents for the removal of nano-sized pollutants from water.
Nanocellulose (NC) from cellulosic biomass has recently gained attention owing to their biodegrad... more Nanocellulose (NC) from cellulosic biomass has recently gained attention owing to their biodegradable nature, low density, high mechanical properties, economic value and renewability. They still suffer, however, some drawbacks. The challenges are the exploration of raw materials, scaling, recovery of chemicals utilized for the production or functionalization and most important is toxic behavior that hinders them from implementing in medical/pharmaceutical field. This review emphasizes the structural behavior of cellulosic biomass and biological barriers for enzyme interactions, which are pertinent to understand the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose for the production of NCs. Additionally, the enzymatic catalysis for the modification of solid and NC is discussed. The utility of various classes of enzymes for introducing desired functional groups on the surface of NC has been further examined. Thereafter, a green mechanistic approach is applied for understanding at molecular level.
The exploration of biological polymer is a new interest due to its favorable properties used in b... more The exploration of biological polymer is a new interest due to its favorable properties used in biomedical and clinical applications. Within the used biopolymer, cellulose emerged as a most exploitable functional material at nanoscale. Working with nanosize cellulose, provides some additional advantages compare to other manmade functional polymers. The fabrication of cellulosic scaffold as a platform for growth and development of cells is a thrust area of tissue engineering but this fabricated scaffold needs to have some fundamental prerequisite before implantation in donor. Thus, this short report discusses about the NC based scaffolds for the growth and development of cells and tissue. The main focus is on derived wood and microbial NCs. Thereafter; some interesting examples will be discussed to understand the necessity of cellulose-based supports in tissue engineering field.
Densities (q) and speeds of sound (u) have been measured for (L-phenylalanine + 0.01 mol Á kg À1 ... more Densities (q) and speeds of sound (u) have been measured for (L-phenylalanine + 0.01 mol Á kg À1 aqueous b-cyclodextrin) and (L-histidine + 0.01 mol Á kg À1 aqueous b-cyclodextrin) systems at T = (293.15, 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15) K using the density and sound velocity Meter DSA 5000 M. The q and u values have been utilized to evaluate values of the partial molar volume (/ v), transfer partial molar volume (D tr / v), partial molar isentropic compressibility (/ k), and transfer partial molar isentropic compressibility (D tr / k) of the systems studied. The experimentally measured and calculated parameters have been interpreted in terms of host-guest and ion-hydrophilic interactions operative in the systems.
ABSTRACT Densities of L-serine, L-isoleucine, L-glutamine in 1.5 mol kg−1 aqueous NaCl, and NaNO3... more ABSTRACT Densities of L-serine, L-isoleucine, L-glutamine in 1.5 mol kg−1 aqueous NaCl, and NaNO3 solutions have been measured for several molal concentrations of amino acids at temperatures from 298.15 to 323.15 K. The partial molar volumes (ϕ v 0) of L-serine, L-isoleucine, and L-glutamine in 1.5 mol kg−1 aqueous NaCl/NaNO3 solutions have been computed using density data. The transfer partial molar volumes (Δtrϕ v 0) of L-serine, L-isoleucine, and L-glutamine from water to 1.5 mol kg−1 aqueous NaCl/1.5 mol kg−1 aqueous NaNO3 solutions have been determined at 298.15 K. The trends of variation of ϕ v 0 and Δtrϕ v 0 with change in temperature have been discussed in terms of ion-ion, ion-hydrophilic, and ion-hydrophobic interactions operative in solutions.
ABSTRACT Density (ρ) and speed of sound (u) in 2 M aqueous NaCl and 2 M NaNO3 solutions of amino ... more ABSTRACT Density (ρ) and speed of sound (u) in 2 M aqueous NaCl and 2 M NaNO3 solutions of amino acids: L-phenylalanine, L-leucine, L-glutamic acid, and L-proline have been measured for several molal concentrations of amino acids at different temperatures. The ρ and u data have been used to calculate the values of isothermal compressibility and internal pressure at different temperatures. The trends of variations of κT and P i with an increase in molal concentration of amino acid and temperature have been discussed in terms of solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions in the systems.
The partial molar volumes, ϕ o v , and partial molar isentropic compressibilities, ϕ o k , values... more The partial molar volumes, ϕ o v , and partial molar isentropic compressibilities, ϕ o k , values have been computed using density and speed of sound values of L-phenylalanine/ L-leucine/L-glutamic acid/L-proline in 2 mol • L −1 aqueous NaCl or NaNO 3 solutions, measured as a function of the amino acid concentration at temperatures
In this chapter, various novel and well-noted approaches for corrosion preventive coatings have b... more In this chapter, various novel and well-noted approaches for corrosion preventive coatings have been discussed. Very well-documented factors that affect the corrosion mechanism are environmental factors, metal, and surface conditions and are elaborated in detail. Various modern, highly approachable, and currently used coating approaches are expanded and explained. This chapter provides a full view of the modern techniques used for corrosion prevention and cure.
Functionally active membranes made of cellulosic microfibers (CMFs) have emerged as promising sor... more Functionally active membranes made of cellulosic microfibers (CMFs) have emerged as promising sorbents for the removal of nano-sized pollutants from water.
Nanocellulose (NC) from cellulosic biomass has recently gained attention owing to their biodegrad... more Nanocellulose (NC) from cellulosic biomass has recently gained attention owing to their biodegradable nature, low density, high mechanical properties, economic value and renewability. They still suffer, however, some drawbacks. The challenges are the exploration of raw materials, scaling, recovery of chemicals utilized for the production or functionalization and most important is toxic behavior that hinders them from implementing in medical/pharmaceutical field. This review emphasizes the structural behavior of cellulosic biomass and biological barriers for enzyme interactions, which are pertinent to understand the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose for the production of NCs. Additionally, the enzymatic catalysis for the modification of solid and NC is discussed. The utility of various classes of enzymes for introducing desired functional groups on the surface of NC has been further examined. Thereafter, a green mechanistic approach is applied for understanding at molecular level.
The exploration of biological polymer is a new interest due to its favorable properties used in b... more The exploration of biological polymer is a new interest due to its favorable properties used in biomedical and clinical applications. Within the used biopolymer, cellulose emerged as a most exploitable functional material at nanoscale. Working with nanosize cellulose, provides some additional advantages compare to other manmade functional polymers. The fabrication of cellulosic scaffold as a platform for growth and development of cells is a thrust area of tissue engineering but this fabricated scaffold needs to have some fundamental prerequisite before implantation in donor. Thus, this short report discusses about the NC based scaffolds for the growth and development of cells and tissue. The main focus is on derived wood and microbial NCs. Thereafter; some interesting examples will be discussed to understand the necessity of cellulose-based supports in tissue engineering field.
Densities (q) and speeds of sound (u) have been measured for (L-phenylalanine + 0.01 mol Á kg À1 ... more Densities (q) and speeds of sound (u) have been measured for (L-phenylalanine + 0.01 mol Á kg À1 aqueous b-cyclodextrin) and (L-histidine + 0.01 mol Á kg À1 aqueous b-cyclodextrin) systems at T = (293.15, 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15) K using the density and sound velocity Meter DSA 5000 M. The q and u values have been utilized to evaluate values of the partial molar volume (/ v), transfer partial molar volume (D tr / v), partial molar isentropic compressibility (/ k), and transfer partial molar isentropic compressibility (D tr / k) of the systems studied. The experimentally measured and calculated parameters have been interpreted in terms of host-guest and ion-hydrophilic interactions operative in the systems.
ABSTRACT Densities of L-serine, L-isoleucine, L-glutamine in 1.5 mol kg−1 aqueous NaCl, and NaNO3... more ABSTRACT Densities of L-serine, L-isoleucine, L-glutamine in 1.5 mol kg−1 aqueous NaCl, and NaNO3 solutions have been measured for several molal concentrations of amino acids at temperatures from 298.15 to 323.15 K. The partial molar volumes (ϕ v 0) of L-serine, L-isoleucine, and L-glutamine in 1.5 mol kg−1 aqueous NaCl/NaNO3 solutions have been computed using density data. The transfer partial molar volumes (Δtrϕ v 0) of L-serine, L-isoleucine, and L-glutamine from water to 1.5 mol kg−1 aqueous NaCl/1.5 mol kg−1 aqueous NaNO3 solutions have been determined at 298.15 K. The trends of variation of ϕ v 0 and Δtrϕ v 0 with change in temperature have been discussed in terms of ion-ion, ion-hydrophilic, and ion-hydrophobic interactions operative in solutions.
ABSTRACT Density (ρ) and speed of sound (u) in 2 M aqueous NaCl and 2 M NaNO3 solutions of amino ... more ABSTRACT Density (ρ) and speed of sound (u) in 2 M aqueous NaCl and 2 M NaNO3 solutions of amino acids: L-phenylalanine, L-leucine, L-glutamic acid, and L-proline have been measured for several molal concentrations of amino acids at different temperatures. The ρ and u data have been used to calculate the values of isothermal compressibility and internal pressure at different temperatures. The trends of variations of κT and P i with an increase in molal concentration of amino acid and temperature have been discussed in terms of solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions in the systems.
The partial molar volumes, ϕ o v , and partial molar isentropic compressibilities, ϕ o k , values... more The partial molar volumes, ϕ o v , and partial molar isentropic compressibilities, ϕ o k , values have been computed using density and speed of sound values of L-phenylalanine/ L-leucine/L-glutamic acid/L-proline in 2 mol • L −1 aqueous NaCl or NaNO 3 solutions, measured as a function of the amino acid concentration at temperatures
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