Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods, Aug 14, 2017
This study was aimed at screening out local and exotic sugarcane clones based on productivity. Tw... more This study was aimed at screening out local and exotic sugarcane clones based on productivity. Twenty-three early sugarcane varieties cultivated at model farms of Sugar Research Institute Shakkarganj (Pakistan) on September 2008 were examined periodically for juice extract, Brix, Pol, purity and sucrose recovery during the October to March crushing season of 2009-2010. A steady rise in quality was seen from the 11-12 month growth period until maturity with a clear decline afterwards to follow a quadratic equation given a strong correlation coefficient r 2 ≈1. A highly significant difference (P<0.01) was observed within varieties and harvest period for all quality parameters. Juice extract (75.60%) and purity (87.65%) were recorded at a maximum in CP-77-400 and CP-80-1827 cultivars, respectively, whereas Brix (20.44%), Pol (17.10%) and sucrose recovery (11.03%) were highest in the CSSG-676 variety. Screening of cultivars was implemented on the basis of a logically developed productivity scale based on high sucrose recovery (≥9.5%). The validity of the technique was ascertained by comparing varietal potentials on a productivity scale with those at 'full maturity' and from 'mean estimates'. Based on productivity, CSSG-676, HoSG-2875, HSF-240, CP-77-400 and CP-87-1628 were demonstrated to be outstanding cultivars resistant to climatic stresses giving 7.69-9.78% excessive sucrose recovery.
Abstract (English) The experiment was conducted at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 1... more Abstract (English) The experiment was conducted at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 1986 in a sandy loam soil having 0.03 percent total nitrogen, 22 ppm available phosphorus, 186 ppm available potassium and with a pH value of 8.5. The experiment ...
Sugarcane is mainly cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and nearly 8... more Sugarcane is mainly cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and nearly 85% of sugar is used worldwide. The area, production, and yield of sugarcane has been increased worldwide as well as in Pakistan as compared to other crops. It is the second largest economically important crop after cotton. It is a highvalue cash crop that has significance for sugar industries in Pakistan. It contributes about 0.6% to the GDP and 2.9% of the total value added in agriculture. It creates huge revenue for the government and is used as a source of energy/power. The climate of Pakistan is favorable for sugarcane production in Punjab and Sindh provinces. Different climatic factors, i.e., sunlight, temperature, germination, tillering, growth, humidity, dew, frost, hailstorm, windstorm, sunburn, and drought, significantly affect the production of sugarcane. Pakistan is a principal cane-growing country and stands at the fifth position in the area, sixth position in cane sugar production, and ninth largest sugar producer in the world. This chapter describes the economic importance, climate, and yield potential of sugarcane in Pakistan.
Climate variability has a major impact not only on sugar production but also on the national econ... more Climate variability has a major impact not only on sugar production but also on the national economy in Pakistan. Therefore, it is essential to understand the impact of major changes in climate patterns that affect sugarcane and sugar industry. About 30% of total global anthropogenic emissions of green house gases (GHGs), 1⁄2 of total global emissions of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are from rice, livestock production, fertilizers, manure, land clearance by fire & burning of residues. Temperature and precipitation data of decades from 2011 to 2090 has been given as future base line of different cane growing districts in Pakistan. Also, unprecedented conditions due to climate change and future climate projections were discussed. In addition, Impact on subsistence farming with general and local constraints of eco-system sensitivity were out-lined. Expected combined effect on productivity of sugarcane and other agriculture crops were described. Sugarcane and rice production wi...
... (Jul-Sep 2010) in (en). -, Effect of spacing on yield and quality of autumn sown sugarcane in... more ... (Jul-Sep 2010) in (en). -, Effect of spacing on yield and quality of autumn sown sugarcane intercropped with sugarbeet by Munir, MA (Sugarcane Research Inst., AARI, Faisalabad (Pakistan)); Sarwar, MA (Sugarcane Research Ins ... (Jul-Sep 2008) in (En). ...
Plant growth-promoting bacteria have broad range usage in agriculture as an alternative to chemic... more Plant growth-promoting bacteria have broad range usage in agriculture as an alternative to chemical fertilizers and fungicides. Their survival and persistency in the plant vicinity depend upon the production of secondary metabolites. In present study, 45 bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere and endosphere of different sugarcane varieties growing at the different farmer's fields of Punjab, Pakistan. Out of 45 isolates, 3 were able to produce hydrolytic enzyme glucanase. The glucanase-producing ability of bacterial strains was variable with solubilization zone 5.5-13.8 mm of different substrates. Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) quantification depicted the production of glucanase (0.1-0.3 U/mL of culture filtrate) by the antagonistic strains. All the glucanase-producing bacteria significantly inhibited the economically important pathogens of sugarcane, i.e., Fusarium moniliforme (45-56%) and Colletotrichum falcatum (52-63%), and pathogens of other crops, i.e., Fusarium oxysporum (58-63%), Rhizoctonia solani (42-53%) and Macrophomina phaseolina (53-61%). The glucanase-producing bacteria significantly induced the activities of enzymes involved in ROS scavenging, viz. SOD, POD, CAT and PPO by 1.4-2.0-fold. The glucanase-producing bacteria MAZ-3SR was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, while MAZ-10SR and MAZ-29SR were identified as Bacillus subtilis by 16S rDNA sequence comparision. These glucanolytic bacteria could be effectively used in sugarcane disease management and provide an effective way of enumerating the bioantagonists from sugarcane rhizosphere.
... References Akhtar, M. &amp;amp;amp; Wani, AM (1992). Plant parasitic nematodes associated... more ... References Akhtar, M. &amp;amp;amp; Wani, AM (1992). Plant parasitic nematodes associated with sugarcane in UP. India, Current Nematol., 3: 205. Anonymous (2009). ... Fundam. Appl. Nematol., 19: 321-328. Shahina, F. &amp;amp;amp; Firoza, K. (2007). Nematodes and pest problems in sugarcane. Pak. ...
A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the morphochemical response of scurf pea (Psoralea cor... more A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the morphochemical response of scurf pea (Psoralea corylifolia L.) to different levels of IAA and N. Different concentrations of IAA and N were applied thirty days after germination. IAA was applied as a foliar spray and nitrogen in the form of urea. The design used for this study was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Indole Acetic Acid and nitrogen significantly increased all the growth parameters as shoot and root lengths, shoot fresh and dry weights, number of leaves and yield per plant in scurf pea. Similarly, NPK concentrations were increased with IAA and N applications as compared to control. IAA x N interaction showed that low levels of IAA with nitrogen increased the growth and yield parameters and ion accumulations. It was concluded that IAA and nitrogen was useful for the increase of growth and yield of scurf pea. High concentrations of IAA had adverse affect on plant growth, while low concentrations with nitrogen combination were helpful for increasing growth and yield of plants.
Aniline, a serious environmental threat and health risk to living organisms is being released int... more Aniline, a serious environmental threat and health risk to living organisms is being released into the soil and water bodies owing to its expanded use in industry. The objective of the present study was to isolate a strain from rhizospheric soil samples of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) taken from an agricultural site near the industrial area of Faisalabad, with the capability of degrading aniline with its maximum activity. The isolated strain was identified as Staphylococcus aureus ST1 a newly reported strain for aniline degradation. The strain ST1 showed tolerance up to 2000 ppm for aniline on mineral salt media plates and its degradative ability was checked through shake flasks experiments using HPLC. The strain was capable of degrading aniline and utilizing it as a sole source of carbon and energy. Maximum reduction of aniline concentration in medium up to 59.65% was observed after 72 h. An enhancement in biodegradation was observed using glucose as an additional growth substrate. The degradative products analyzed by HPLC were catechol, phenol and some other unknown compounds. Plasmid curing showed the involvement of plasmid encoded genes which was later followed by the isolation of plasmid DNA, which was found to be a large one of ~40 kb having restriction sites for enzymes (EcoRI, BamHI, ClaI, StuI, PstI, and HindIII) used.
Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences ), 2014
Water and heat stress are among the principle stresses affecting the productivity of cereals worl... more Water and heat stress are among the principle stresses affecting the productivity of cereals worldwide. This study was conducted at the Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 2010-2011 to check the influence of various irrigation regimes on growth, yield and water use efficiency of wheat at variable temperatures. The treatments were comprised of three irrigation levels: I
Salt stress harmfully shocks agricultural yield throughout the world affecting production whether... more Salt stress harmfully shocks agricultural yield throughout the world affecting production whether it is for subsistence or economic outcomes. The plant response to salinity consists of numerous processes that must function in coordination to alleviate both cellular hyper-osmolarity and ion disequilibrium. Salt tolerance and yield stability are complex genetic traits that are difficult to establish in crops since salt stress may occur as a catastrophic episode, be imposed continuously or intermittently and become gradually more severe at any stage during development. Molecular biology research has provided new insight into the plant response to salinity and identified genetic determinants that effect salt tolerance. Recent confirmation that many salt tolerance determinants are ubiquitous in plants has led to the use of genetic models, like Arabidopsis thaliana, to further dissect the plant salt stress response. Since many of the most fundamental salt tolerance determinants are those that mediate cellular ion homeostasis, this review will focus primarily on the functional essentiality of ion homeostasis mechanisms in plant salt tolerance. The transport systems that facilitate cellular capacity to utilize Na + for osmotic adjustment and growth and the role of the Salt-Overly-Sensitive (SOS) signal transduction pathway in the regulation of ion homeostasis and salt tolerance will be particularly emphasized. The objective of the review is to know "What molecular mechanism is adopted by plants during salt stress tolerance?" A conclusion will be presented that integrates cellular based stress signaling and ion homeostasis mechanisms into a functional paradigm for whole plants and defines biotechnology strategies for enhancing salt tolerance of crops.
Two commercial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saf-Instant (Baker's yeast) and Ethanol r... more Two commercial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saf-Instant (Baker's yeast) and Ethanol red (Mutant) were compared for ethanol production during hot summer season, using molasses diluted up to 6- Brix containing 4%-5% sugars. The yeasts were then propagated in fermentation vessels to study the effects of yeast cell count and varying concentrations of Urea, DAP, inoculum size and Lactrol (Antibiotic). Continuous circulation of mash was maintained for 24 hours and after this fermenter was allowed to stay for a period of 16 hours to give time for maximum conversion of sugars into ethanol. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain (Saf-instant) with cell concentration of 400 millions/mL at molasses sugar level of 13%–15% (pH , Temp. ), inoculum size of 25% (v/v), urea concentration, 150 ppm, DAP, 53.4 ppm and Lactrol,150 ppm supported maximum ethanol production (8.8%) with L ethanol per tone molasses (96.5% yield), and had significantly lower concentrations of byproducts. By selecting hi...
Variability obtained from mutation breeding (gamma rays) was examined through molecular marker te... more Variability obtained from mutation breeding (gamma rays) was examined through molecular marker techniques (RAPD). A total of 85 loci were amplified, out of which 76.47% were polymorphic and 23.53% were monomorphic. Fragments size ranged from 220bp-2.1kb and fragments ...
Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods, Aug 14, 2017
This study was aimed at screening out local and exotic sugarcane clones based on productivity. Tw... more This study was aimed at screening out local and exotic sugarcane clones based on productivity. Twenty-three early sugarcane varieties cultivated at model farms of Sugar Research Institute Shakkarganj (Pakistan) on September 2008 were examined periodically for juice extract, Brix, Pol, purity and sucrose recovery during the October to March crushing season of 2009-2010. A steady rise in quality was seen from the 11-12 month growth period until maturity with a clear decline afterwards to follow a quadratic equation given a strong correlation coefficient r 2 ≈1. A highly significant difference (P<0.01) was observed within varieties and harvest period for all quality parameters. Juice extract (75.60%) and purity (87.65%) were recorded at a maximum in CP-77-400 and CP-80-1827 cultivars, respectively, whereas Brix (20.44%), Pol (17.10%) and sucrose recovery (11.03%) were highest in the CSSG-676 variety. Screening of cultivars was implemented on the basis of a logically developed productivity scale based on high sucrose recovery (≥9.5%). The validity of the technique was ascertained by comparing varietal potentials on a productivity scale with those at 'full maturity' and from 'mean estimates'. Based on productivity, CSSG-676, HoSG-2875, HSF-240, CP-77-400 and CP-87-1628 were demonstrated to be outstanding cultivars resistant to climatic stresses giving 7.69-9.78% excessive sucrose recovery.
Abstract (English) The experiment was conducted at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 1... more Abstract (English) The experiment was conducted at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 1986 in a sandy loam soil having 0.03 percent total nitrogen, 22 ppm available phosphorus, 186 ppm available potassium and with a pH value of 8.5. The experiment ...
Sugarcane is mainly cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and nearly 8... more Sugarcane is mainly cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and nearly 85% of sugar is used worldwide. The area, production, and yield of sugarcane has been increased worldwide as well as in Pakistan as compared to other crops. It is the second largest economically important crop after cotton. It is a highvalue cash crop that has significance for sugar industries in Pakistan. It contributes about 0.6% to the GDP and 2.9% of the total value added in agriculture. It creates huge revenue for the government and is used as a source of energy/power. The climate of Pakistan is favorable for sugarcane production in Punjab and Sindh provinces. Different climatic factors, i.e., sunlight, temperature, germination, tillering, growth, humidity, dew, frost, hailstorm, windstorm, sunburn, and drought, significantly affect the production of sugarcane. Pakistan is a principal cane-growing country and stands at the fifth position in the area, sixth position in cane sugar production, and ninth largest sugar producer in the world. This chapter describes the economic importance, climate, and yield potential of sugarcane in Pakistan.
Climate variability has a major impact not only on sugar production but also on the national econ... more Climate variability has a major impact not only on sugar production but also on the national economy in Pakistan. Therefore, it is essential to understand the impact of major changes in climate patterns that affect sugarcane and sugar industry. About 30% of total global anthropogenic emissions of green house gases (GHGs), 1⁄2 of total global emissions of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are from rice, livestock production, fertilizers, manure, land clearance by fire & burning of residues. Temperature and precipitation data of decades from 2011 to 2090 has been given as future base line of different cane growing districts in Pakistan. Also, unprecedented conditions due to climate change and future climate projections were discussed. In addition, Impact on subsistence farming with general and local constraints of eco-system sensitivity were out-lined. Expected combined effect on productivity of sugarcane and other agriculture crops were described. Sugarcane and rice production wi...
... (Jul-Sep 2010) in (en). -, Effect of spacing on yield and quality of autumn sown sugarcane in... more ... (Jul-Sep 2010) in (en). -, Effect of spacing on yield and quality of autumn sown sugarcane intercropped with sugarbeet by Munir, MA (Sugarcane Research Inst., AARI, Faisalabad (Pakistan)); Sarwar, MA (Sugarcane Research Ins ... (Jul-Sep 2008) in (En). ...
Plant growth-promoting bacteria have broad range usage in agriculture as an alternative to chemic... more Plant growth-promoting bacteria have broad range usage in agriculture as an alternative to chemical fertilizers and fungicides. Their survival and persistency in the plant vicinity depend upon the production of secondary metabolites. In present study, 45 bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere and endosphere of different sugarcane varieties growing at the different farmer's fields of Punjab, Pakistan. Out of 45 isolates, 3 were able to produce hydrolytic enzyme glucanase. The glucanase-producing ability of bacterial strains was variable with solubilization zone 5.5-13.8 mm of different substrates. Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) quantification depicted the production of glucanase (0.1-0.3 U/mL of culture filtrate) by the antagonistic strains. All the glucanase-producing bacteria significantly inhibited the economically important pathogens of sugarcane, i.e., Fusarium moniliforme (45-56%) and Colletotrichum falcatum (52-63%), and pathogens of other crops, i.e., Fusarium oxysporum (58-63%), Rhizoctonia solani (42-53%) and Macrophomina phaseolina (53-61%). The glucanase-producing bacteria significantly induced the activities of enzymes involved in ROS scavenging, viz. SOD, POD, CAT and PPO by 1.4-2.0-fold. The glucanase-producing bacteria MAZ-3SR was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, while MAZ-10SR and MAZ-29SR were identified as Bacillus subtilis by 16S rDNA sequence comparision. These glucanolytic bacteria could be effectively used in sugarcane disease management and provide an effective way of enumerating the bioantagonists from sugarcane rhizosphere.
... References Akhtar, M. &amp;amp;amp; Wani, AM (1992). Plant parasitic nematodes associated... more ... References Akhtar, M. &amp;amp;amp; Wani, AM (1992). Plant parasitic nematodes associated with sugarcane in UP. India, Current Nematol., 3: 205. Anonymous (2009). ... Fundam. Appl. Nematol., 19: 321-328. Shahina, F. &amp;amp;amp; Firoza, K. (2007). Nematodes and pest problems in sugarcane. Pak. ...
A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the morphochemical response of scurf pea (Psoralea cor... more A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the morphochemical response of scurf pea (Psoralea corylifolia L.) to different levels of IAA and N. Different concentrations of IAA and N were applied thirty days after germination. IAA was applied as a foliar spray and nitrogen in the form of urea. The design used for this study was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Indole Acetic Acid and nitrogen significantly increased all the growth parameters as shoot and root lengths, shoot fresh and dry weights, number of leaves and yield per plant in scurf pea. Similarly, NPK concentrations were increased with IAA and N applications as compared to control. IAA x N interaction showed that low levels of IAA with nitrogen increased the growth and yield parameters and ion accumulations. It was concluded that IAA and nitrogen was useful for the increase of growth and yield of scurf pea. High concentrations of IAA had adverse affect on plant growth, while low concentrations with nitrogen combination were helpful for increasing growth and yield of plants.
Aniline, a serious environmental threat and health risk to living organisms is being released int... more Aniline, a serious environmental threat and health risk to living organisms is being released into the soil and water bodies owing to its expanded use in industry. The objective of the present study was to isolate a strain from rhizospheric soil samples of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) taken from an agricultural site near the industrial area of Faisalabad, with the capability of degrading aniline with its maximum activity. The isolated strain was identified as Staphylococcus aureus ST1 a newly reported strain for aniline degradation. The strain ST1 showed tolerance up to 2000 ppm for aniline on mineral salt media plates and its degradative ability was checked through shake flasks experiments using HPLC. The strain was capable of degrading aniline and utilizing it as a sole source of carbon and energy. Maximum reduction of aniline concentration in medium up to 59.65% was observed after 72 h. An enhancement in biodegradation was observed using glucose as an additional growth substrate. The degradative products analyzed by HPLC were catechol, phenol and some other unknown compounds. Plasmid curing showed the involvement of plasmid encoded genes which was later followed by the isolation of plasmid DNA, which was found to be a large one of ~40 kb having restriction sites for enzymes (EcoRI, BamHI, ClaI, StuI, PstI, and HindIII) used.
Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences ), 2014
Water and heat stress are among the principle stresses affecting the productivity of cereals worl... more Water and heat stress are among the principle stresses affecting the productivity of cereals worldwide. This study was conducted at the Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 2010-2011 to check the influence of various irrigation regimes on growth, yield and water use efficiency of wheat at variable temperatures. The treatments were comprised of three irrigation levels: I
Salt stress harmfully shocks agricultural yield throughout the world affecting production whether... more Salt stress harmfully shocks agricultural yield throughout the world affecting production whether it is for subsistence or economic outcomes. The plant response to salinity consists of numerous processes that must function in coordination to alleviate both cellular hyper-osmolarity and ion disequilibrium. Salt tolerance and yield stability are complex genetic traits that are difficult to establish in crops since salt stress may occur as a catastrophic episode, be imposed continuously or intermittently and become gradually more severe at any stage during development. Molecular biology research has provided new insight into the plant response to salinity and identified genetic determinants that effect salt tolerance. Recent confirmation that many salt tolerance determinants are ubiquitous in plants has led to the use of genetic models, like Arabidopsis thaliana, to further dissect the plant salt stress response. Since many of the most fundamental salt tolerance determinants are those that mediate cellular ion homeostasis, this review will focus primarily on the functional essentiality of ion homeostasis mechanisms in plant salt tolerance. The transport systems that facilitate cellular capacity to utilize Na + for osmotic adjustment and growth and the role of the Salt-Overly-Sensitive (SOS) signal transduction pathway in the regulation of ion homeostasis and salt tolerance will be particularly emphasized. The objective of the review is to know "What molecular mechanism is adopted by plants during salt stress tolerance?" A conclusion will be presented that integrates cellular based stress signaling and ion homeostasis mechanisms into a functional paradigm for whole plants and defines biotechnology strategies for enhancing salt tolerance of crops.
Two commercial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saf-Instant (Baker's yeast) and Ethanol r... more Two commercial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saf-Instant (Baker's yeast) and Ethanol red (Mutant) were compared for ethanol production during hot summer season, using molasses diluted up to 6- Brix containing 4%-5% sugars. The yeasts were then propagated in fermentation vessels to study the effects of yeast cell count and varying concentrations of Urea, DAP, inoculum size and Lactrol (Antibiotic). Continuous circulation of mash was maintained for 24 hours and after this fermenter was allowed to stay for a period of 16 hours to give time for maximum conversion of sugars into ethanol. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain (Saf-instant) with cell concentration of 400 millions/mL at molasses sugar level of 13%–15% (pH , Temp. ), inoculum size of 25% (v/v), urea concentration, 150 ppm, DAP, 53.4 ppm and Lactrol,150 ppm supported maximum ethanol production (8.8%) with L ethanol per tone molasses (96.5% yield), and had significantly lower concentrations of byproducts. By selecting hi...
Variability obtained from mutation breeding (gamma rays) was examined through molecular marker te... more Variability obtained from mutation breeding (gamma rays) was examined through molecular marker techniques (RAPD). A total of 85 loci were amplified, out of which 76.47% were polymorphic and 23.53% were monomorphic. Fragments size ranged from 220bp-2.1kb and fragments ...
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