Fine needle aspiration cytology is a minimally invasive technique used in the initial diagnosis o... more Fine needle aspiration cytology is a minimally invasive technique used in the initial diagnosis of different types of lesions located in head and neck region commonly originating from cervical lymph node, thyroid gland, salivary glands and soft tissues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of FNAC in various head and neck lesions in correlation with their histopathological examination. Materials and methods: A hospital based prospective study was conducted among 209 patients with palpable head and neck region swellings in the Department of Pathology, Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital and the Department of Pathology, Nepal Medical College from August 2014 to July 2015. FNAC were done from palpable masses of head and neck regions. Data entry and analysis were done using SPSS 17. Result: There were 209 FNAC cases enrolled, out of which lymph node lesions (n=128) were the most common lesions followed by thyroid (n=40), other soft tissues (n=27) and salivary gland (n=14). Reactive lymph nodes, colloid goiter, epidermoid cyst and sialadenosis were the predominant diagnosis of lymph nodes, thyroid gland, soft tissues and salivary gland respectively. Highest accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were observed in thyroid gland, salivary gland and soft tissues. However, four false negative results for malignancy were reported in lymph node lesions. Conclusion: Head and neck region swellings are the commonly encountered conditions. FNAC being highly accurate, sensitive and specific makes it useful and reliable procedure for screening and diagnosis of palpable masses in head and neck region.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Apr 9, 2023
Plastic reusing may be a noteworthy investigate issue that centers on creating novel strategies t... more Plastic reusing may be a noteworthy investigate issue that centers on creating novel strategies to reuse plastic junk and reduce its negative natural affect. The reason of this think about is to examine the display state of plastic reusing, counting the numerous procedures for reusing plastic, the issues associated with plastic reusing, and the conceivable preferences of plastic reusing. The inquire about too looks into the financial practicality of plastic reusing as well as the impact of government arrangements on the reusing division. Concurring to the discoveries, plastic reusing offers a huge potential to reduce the natural impact of plastic squander whereas moreover making financial conceivable outcomes. Be that as it may, issues like as defilement, a need of framework, and a need of buyer information proceed to be key obstacles to more extensive appropriation of plastic reusing. To handle these impediments, the report recommends the foundation of successful controls and motivating forces to advance plastic reusing, as well as the usage of moved forward reusing innovation.
International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews
Plastic reusing may be a noteworthy investigate issue that centers on creating novel strategies t... more Plastic reusing may be a noteworthy investigate issue that centers on creating novel strategies to reuse plastic junk and reduce its negative natural affect. The reason of this think about is to examine the display state of plastic reusing, counting the numerous procedures for reusing plastic, the issues associated with plastic reusing, and the conceivable preferences of plastic reusing. The inquire about too looks into the financial practicality of plastic reusing as well as the impact of government arrangements on the reusing division. Concurring to the discoveries, plastic reusing offers a huge potential to reduce the natural impact of plastic squander whereas moreover making financial conceivable outcomes. Be that as it may, issues like as defilement, a need of framework, and a need of buyer information proceed to be key obstacles to more extensive appropriation of plastic reusing. To handle these impediments, the report recommends the foundation of successful controls and motivating forces to advance plastic reusing, as well as the usage of moved forward reusing innovation.
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are increasingly widely used in psychology and neuroscience ... more Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are increasingly widely used in psychology and neuroscience to predict how human minds and brains respond to visual images. Typically, CNNs represent these images using thousands of features that are learned through extensive training on image datasets. This raises a question: How many of these features are really needed to model human behavior? Here, we attempt to estimate the number of dimensions in CNN representations that are required to capture human psychological representations in two ways: (1) directly, using human similarity judgments and (2) indirectly, in the context of categorization. In both cases, we find that low‐dimensional projections of CNN representations are sufficient to predict human behavior. We show that these low‐dimensional representations can be easily interpreted, providing further insight into how people represent visual information. A series of control studies indicate that these findings are not due to the size of t...
2019 International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICCS)
Voice Controlled Automatic Dustbin (VCAD) is a robotic dustbin that is controlled by providing sp... more Voice Controlled Automatic Dustbin (VCAD) is a robotic dustbin that is controlled by providing specific voice commands by the user. The speech is received by the microphone of the android device and is processed by the voice module. When the instruction is recognized by the robot, then voice module sends a command message to the robot’s micro-controller. The micro-controller analyses the message and takes appropriate actions. When garbage is detected by the sensor on the dustbin, it sends a command message to the dustbin’s micro-controller. The micro-controller analyses the message and sends the command to the servo motor to opens the lid of the dustbin. The objective of this paper is to design a mobile dustbin which is controlled through a smart-phone that seeks for serving the old age and incapable people.
Active learning seeks to reduce the number of samples required to estimate the parameters of a mo... more Active learning seeks to reduce the number of samples required to estimate the parameters of a model, thus forming an important class of techniques in modern machine learning. However, past work on active learning has largely overlooked latent variable models, which play a vital role in neuroscience, psychology, and a variety of other engineering and scientific disciplines. Here we address this gap in the literature, and propose a novel framework for maximum-mutualinformation input selection for learning discrete latent variable regression models. We first examine a class of models known as "mixtures of linear regressions" (MLR). This example is striking because it is well known that active learning confers no advantage for standard least-squares regression. However, we show-both in simulations and analytically using Fisher information-that optimal input selection can nevertheless provide dramatic gains for mixtures of regression models; we also validate this on a real-world application of MLRs. We then consider a powerful class of temporally structured latent variable models known as Input-Output Hidden Markov Models (IO-HMMs), which have recently gained prominence in neuroscience. We show that our method substantially speeds up learning, and outperforms a variety of approximate methods based on variational and amortized inference.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021
The genus Candida consists of several species, including the Auris species, a pathogen that quick... more The genus Candida consists of several species, including the Auris species, a pathogen that quickly colonizes and spreads on hospital surfaces and causes invasive fungal infections even after regular disinfection. It is very potent as it is resistant to several antifungals like the Echinocandins and azoles, commonly used to treat invasive fungal infections. Due to this, there is a global threat to public health. Auris could also spread as a Nosocomial infection through contaminated arm-pit thermometers that will increase the spread and dissemination of C. Auris, to seek protection against which, these multi use devices used on several patients should be cleaned carefully. In patients hospitalized with COVID-19, systemic fungal co-infections have been very common, which may increase the severity of the disease and be detrimental to the treatment process, and may also prove fatal. COVID-19 infection suppresses the patients' immunity. The attenuated CD80 upregulation of monocytes c...
Background: The stress response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation is a commonly encount... more Background: The stress response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation is a commonly encountered physiological phenomenon. Though the response can be transient and harmless in normotensive healthy patients, but it may prove hazardous amongst patient with underlying cardiac disease, or hypertensive disease and its sequelae. Present study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of IV dexmedetomidine infusion and IV lignocaine in attenuating the hemodynamic responses during laryngoscopy and intubation. Methodology: On approval from hospital ethical committee, 120 ASA grade I and II, normotensive patients in the age group of 18-60 years, planned for elective surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into 3 equal groups of 40 each; Group A (Lignocaine group) received lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg IV 2 min before induction, Group B (dexmedetomidine group) received dexmedetomidine 1 µ/kg IV infusion with syringe pump 10 min before induction, and Group C (control group) received normal saline before induction. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation of arterial blood (SpO2) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were monitored at induction, intubation and post intubation at one minute interval till 10th minute. Results: A better control of stress response was observed in patients receiving dexmedetomidine infusion. More decrease in HR was noted in Group B as compared to Group A (9.28 % vs. 13.40%) respectively. The decrease in MAP was also more in Group B as compared to group receiving lignocaine (5.49 % vs. 10.72%) respectively. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg IV is more effective in blunting stress response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation as compared to lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg IV.
Journal of clinical & experimental dermatology research, 2019
Background: The increasing use of antibiotics for acne has led to the development antibiotic resi... more Background: The increasing use of antibiotics for acne has led to the development antibiotic resistant propionobacteria and has become a worldwide problem in the recent years. Objective: We investigated the prevalence and pattern of antibiotic resistance to Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) and its relation to previous antibiotic therapy in acne patients attending the dermatology outpatient clinic in a tertiary dermatological referral Centre in Singapore. Methods: Skin swabs were collected from the skin lesions in 402 acne patients at baseline, 2months and 4 months. Cultures for C. acnes were done and sensitivity testing of the isolates was done using 5 commonly used antibiotics, namely tetracycline, minocycline, doxycycline, erythromycin and clindamycin. Data was collected about the previous treatment and current treatment being prescribed from Centre during these visits. Results: Cutibacterium acnes were isolated in 241 (60%) acne patients at baseline. Sixty seven (28.5%) of 235 isol...
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2019
Encryption is the method of sending messages via code. It essentially jumbles up the content of a... more Encryption is the method of sending messages via code. It essentially jumbles up the content of a message so that it would not make sense to a third party trying to gain access to the material. Both the sender and the recipient have the right key which encrypts and decrypts the message. It is the most effective method of securing communication. Encryption algorithms are divided into two categories: symmetric and asymmetric. In this paper, some of the most widely used encryption algorithms 3DES, AES and RSA have been implemented using C# programming language and .NET framework. After the implementation of these algorithms, they have been compared on the following parameters—encryption time, decryption time and throughput.
Background: The stress response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation is a commonly encount... more Background: The stress response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation is a commonly encountered physiological phenomenon. Though the response can be transient and harmless in normotensive healthy patients, but it may prove hazardous amongst patient with underlying cardiac disease, or hypertensive disease and its sequelae. Present study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of IV dexmedetomidine infusion and IV lignocaine in attenuating the hemodynamic responses during laryngoscopy and intubation. Methodology: On approval from hospital ethical committee, 120 ASA grade I and II, normotensive patients in the age group of 18-60 years, planned for elective surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into 3 equal groups of 40 each; Group A (Lignocaine group) received lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg IV 2 min before induction, Group B (dexmedetomidine group ) received dexmedetomidine 1 µ/kg IV infusion with syringe pump 10 min before induction, and Group C (...
Introduction: Nodular hidradenomas are difficult to be diagnosed. The present study aims at findi... more Introduction: Nodular hidradenomas are difficult to be diagnosed. The present study aims at finding a co-relation between cytological and histopathological diagnosis. Methods: All those histopathology diagnosed cases of Nodular Hidradenoma between Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2017, were analyzed for clinical and cytological diagnosis. Histopathological slides along with fresh slides made from paraffin embedded tissues were also reviewed. Results: Amongst nine cases of Nodular hidrademona, there were eight adults and one child. The tumors were mainly confined to head and neck area and extremities. On FNAC, in five cases diagnosis of benign skin adnexal tumor was made while in four cases diagnosis of benign adnexal tumors with possibility of Nodular hidradenoma was suggested. Histopathology established the diagnosis of nodular hidradenoma in all the cases. Conclusions: Nodular hidradenoma are difficult to be diagnosed on FNAC. Histopathology is the answer for final diagnosis.
Sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) methods are a family of supervised methods for dimensionalit... more Sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) methods are a family of supervised methods for dimensionality reduction that seek to reduce dimensionality while preserving information about a target variable of interest. However, existing SDR methods typically require more observations than the number of dimensions (N > p). To overcome this limitation, we propose Class-conditional Factor Analytic Dimensions (CFAD), a model-based dimensionality reduction method for high-dimensional, small-sample data. We show that CFAD substantially outperforms existing SDR methods in the small-sample regime, and can be extended to incorporate prior information such as smoothness in the projection axes. We demonstrate the effectiveness of CFAD with an application to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements during visual object recognition and working memory tasks, where it outperforms existing SDR and a variety of other dimensionalityreduction methods.
Here we present a case of a 37-year-old soldier of Indian Army, posted in high altitude area of L... more Here we present a case of a 37-year-old soldier of Indian Army, posted in high altitude area of Ladakh region (>4200 m), who after rejoining after a month leave, presented with dry cough, low-grade fever and dyspnoea on exertion while undergoing acclimatisation, and on examination, was detected to have hypoxaemia, fever and bilateral fine crepitations on chest auscultation. He was started on treatment for high altitude pulmonary oedema at a medical aid post, and later referred to General Hospital at Leh. The course of the illness was complicated by worsening hypoxaemia, continuous high-grade fever, leucopenia and hypotension. Focused medical history revealed that he had travelled to the state of Gujarat during his leave, where high incidence of H1N1 influenza was being reported during the ongoing pandemic. Oseltamivir was empirically started, in addition to parenteral antibiotics and he was started on inotropic support. In view of severe hypoxaemia, not responding to non-invasive...
Here, we present an unusual case of 26-month male toddler who presented with swelling of right lo... more Here, we present an unusual case of 26-month male toddler who presented with swelling of right lower limb with painless hyperpigmented patch over right groin of 18 months duration associated with recent onset respiratory distress. Evaluation revealed right chylothorax and MRI revealed altered signal intensity in bones and muscles of right lower limb. Lymphoscintigraphy revealed absence of lymphatic channels in right lower limb. Skin biopsy from hyperpigmented patch was suggestive of vasoformative lesion favouring lymphangiomatosis. A diagnosis of Gorham’s syndrome was made, and our patient was managed with drainage of chylothorax followed by pleurodesis, parenteral nutrition and radiotherapy.
2019 Conference on Cognitive Computational Neuroscience, 2019
Visual scene understanding often requires the processing of human-object interactions. Here we se... more Visual scene understanding often requires the processing of human-object interactions. Here we seek to explore if and how well Deep Neural Network (DNN) models capture features similar to the brain's representation of humans, objects, and their interactions. We investigate brain regions which process human-, objector or interaction-specific information, and establish correspondences between them and DNN features. Our results suggest that we can infer the selectivity of these regions to particular visual stimuli using DNN representations. We also map features from the DNN to the regions, thus linking the DNN representations to those found in specific parts of the visual cortex. In particular, our results suggest that a typical DNN representation contains encoding of compositional information for human-object interactions which goes beyond a linear combination of the encodings for the two components, thus suggesting that DNNs may be able to model this important property of biological vision.
Glomuvenous malformations (GVMs) present as asymptomatic multiple pink-to-blue nodules or plaques... more Glomuvenous malformations (GVMs) present as asymptomatic multiple pink-to-blue nodules or plaques. Disseminated lesions are rare, representing 10% of all the cases. Familial cases are caused by mutations in the glomulin gene. A young male presented with multiple bluish-to-dusky red-coloured nodules 10-15 in numbers over the trunk, limbs and buttocks since 12 years of age. They ranged in size from 1 to 3 cm, partially to non-compressible and tender on palpation. There was no history of any systemic complaint. His sister and mother had similar lesions but in a limited distribution. Biopsy showed multiple ectatic dilated vascular channels lined by multiple layers of glomus cells consistent with the diagnosis of GVM. The biopsy of the lesions from the mother and sister also showed similar features. Mutation analysis for glomulin gene could not be done because of the unavailability of the facility at our setting. He underwent sclerotherapy with 3% polidocanol every 2 weeks, and there was significant improvement in the lesions after six sessions of sclerotherapy. The patient is under follow-up and there is no recurrence of the lesions over treated sites after 6 months.
Fine needle aspiration cytology is a minimally invasive technique used in the initial diagnosis o... more Fine needle aspiration cytology is a minimally invasive technique used in the initial diagnosis of different types of lesions located in head and neck region commonly originating from cervical lymph node, thyroid gland, salivary glands and soft tissues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of FNAC in various head and neck lesions in correlation with their histopathological examination. Materials and methods: A hospital based prospective study was conducted among 209 patients with palpable head and neck region swellings in the Department of Pathology, Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital and the Department of Pathology, Nepal Medical College from August 2014 to July 2015. FNAC were done from palpable masses of head and neck regions. Data entry and analysis were done using SPSS 17. Result: There were 209 FNAC cases enrolled, out of which lymph node lesions (n=128) were the most common lesions followed by thyroid (n=40), other soft tissues (n=27) and salivary gland (n=14). Reactive lymph nodes, colloid goiter, epidermoid cyst and sialadenosis were the predominant diagnosis of lymph nodes, thyroid gland, soft tissues and salivary gland respectively. Highest accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were observed in thyroid gland, salivary gland and soft tissues. However, four false negative results for malignancy were reported in lymph node lesions. Conclusion: Head and neck region swellings are the commonly encountered conditions. FNAC being highly accurate, sensitive and specific makes it useful and reliable procedure for screening and diagnosis of palpable masses in head and neck region.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Apr 9, 2023
Plastic reusing may be a noteworthy investigate issue that centers on creating novel strategies t... more Plastic reusing may be a noteworthy investigate issue that centers on creating novel strategies to reuse plastic junk and reduce its negative natural affect. The reason of this think about is to examine the display state of plastic reusing, counting the numerous procedures for reusing plastic, the issues associated with plastic reusing, and the conceivable preferences of plastic reusing. The inquire about too looks into the financial practicality of plastic reusing as well as the impact of government arrangements on the reusing division. Concurring to the discoveries, plastic reusing offers a huge potential to reduce the natural impact of plastic squander whereas moreover making financial conceivable outcomes. Be that as it may, issues like as defilement, a need of framework, and a need of buyer information proceed to be key obstacles to more extensive appropriation of plastic reusing. To handle these impediments, the report recommends the foundation of successful controls and motivating forces to advance plastic reusing, as well as the usage of moved forward reusing innovation.
International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews
Plastic reusing may be a noteworthy investigate issue that centers on creating novel strategies t... more Plastic reusing may be a noteworthy investigate issue that centers on creating novel strategies to reuse plastic junk and reduce its negative natural affect. The reason of this think about is to examine the display state of plastic reusing, counting the numerous procedures for reusing plastic, the issues associated with plastic reusing, and the conceivable preferences of plastic reusing. The inquire about too looks into the financial practicality of plastic reusing as well as the impact of government arrangements on the reusing division. Concurring to the discoveries, plastic reusing offers a huge potential to reduce the natural impact of plastic squander whereas moreover making financial conceivable outcomes. Be that as it may, issues like as defilement, a need of framework, and a need of buyer information proceed to be key obstacles to more extensive appropriation of plastic reusing. To handle these impediments, the report recommends the foundation of successful controls and motivating forces to advance plastic reusing, as well as the usage of moved forward reusing innovation.
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are increasingly widely used in psychology and neuroscience ... more Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are increasingly widely used in psychology and neuroscience to predict how human minds and brains respond to visual images. Typically, CNNs represent these images using thousands of features that are learned through extensive training on image datasets. This raises a question: How many of these features are really needed to model human behavior? Here, we attempt to estimate the number of dimensions in CNN representations that are required to capture human psychological representations in two ways: (1) directly, using human similarity judgments and (2) indirectly, in the context of categorization. In both cases, we find that low‐dimensional projections of CNN representations are sufficient to predict human behavior. We show that these low‐dimensional representations can be easily interpreted, providing further insight into how people represent visual information. A series of control studies indicate that these findings are not due to the size of t...
2019 International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICCS)
Voice Controlled Automatic Dustbin (VCAD) is a robotic dustbin that is controlled by providing sp... more Voice Controlled Automatic Dustbin (VCAD) is a robotic dustbin that is controlled by providing specific voice commands by the user. The speech is received by the microphone of the android device and is processed by the voice module. When the instruction is recognized by the robot, then voice module sends a command message to the robot’s micro-controller. The micro-controller analyses the message and takes appropriate actions. When garbage is detected by the sensor on the dustbin, it sends a command message to the dustbin’s micro-controller. The micro-controller analyses the message and sends the command to the servo motor to opens the lid of the dustbin. The objective of this paper is to design a mobile dustbin which is controlled through a smart-phone that seeks for serving the old age and incapable people.
Active learning seeks to reduce the number of samples required to estimate the parameters of a mo... more Active learning seeks to reduce the number of samples required to estimate the parameters of a model, thus forming an important class of techniques in modern machine learning. However, past work on active learning has largely overlooked latent variable models, which play a vital role in neuroscience, psychology, and a variety of other engineering and scientific disciplines. Here we address this gap in the literature, and propose a novel framework for maximum-mutualinformation input selection for learning discrete latent variable regression models. We first examine a class of models known as "mixtures of linear regressions" (MLR). This example is striking because it is well known that active learning confers no advantage for standard least-squares regression. However, we show-both in simulations and analytically using Fisher information-that optimal input selection can nevertheless provide dramatic gains for mixtures of regression models; we also validate this on a real-world application of MLRs. We then consider a powerful class of temporally structured latent variable models known as Input-Output Hidden Markov Models (IO-HMMs), which have recently gained prominence in neuroscience. We show that our method substantially speeds up learning, and outperforms a variety of approximate methods based on variational and amortized inference.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021
The genus Candida consists of several species, including the Auris species, a pathogen that quick... more The genus Candida consists of several species, including the Auris species, a pathogen that quickly colonizes and spreads on hospital surfaces and causes invasive fungal infections even after regular disinfection. It is very potent as it is resistant to several antifungals like the Echinocandins and azoles, commonly used to treat invasive fungal infections. Due to this, there is a global threat to public health. Auris could also spread as a Nosocomial infection through contaminated arm-pit thermometers that will increase the spread and dissemination of C. Auris, to seek protection against which, these multi use devices used on several patients should be cleaned carefully. In patients hospitalized with COVID-19, systemic fungal co-infections have been very common, which may increase the severity of the disease and be detrimental to the treatment process, and may also prove fatal. COVID-19 infection suppresses the patients' immunity. The attenuated CD80 upregulation of monocytes c...
Background: The stress response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation is a commonly encount... more Background: The stress response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation is a commonly encountered physiological phenomenon. Though the response can be transient and harmless in normotensive healthy patients, but it may prove hazardous amongst patient with underlying cardiac disease, or hypertensive disease and its sequelae. Present study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of IV dexmedetomidine infusion and IV lignocaine in attenuating the hemodynamic responses during laryngoscopy and intubation. Methodology: On approval from hospital ethical committee, 120 ASA grade I and II, normotensive patients in the age group of 18-60 years, planned for elective surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into 3 equal groups of 40 each; Group A (Lignocaine group) received lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg IV 2 min before induction, Group B (dexmedetomidine group) received dexmedetomidine 1 µ/kg IV infusion with syringe pump 10 min before induction, and Group C (control group) received normal saline before induction. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation of arterial blood (SpO2) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were monitored at induction, intubation and post intubation at one minute interval till 10th minute. Results: A better control of stress response was observed in patients receiving dexmedetomidine infusion. More decrease in HR was noted in Group B as compared to Group A (9.28 % vs. 13.40%) respectively. The decrease in MAP was also more in Group B as compared to group receiving lignocaine (5.49 % vs. 10.72%) respectively. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg IV is more effective in blunting stress response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation as compared to lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg IV.
Journal of clinical & experimental dermatology research, 2019
Background: The increasing use of antibiotics for acne has led to the development antibiotic resi... more Background: The increasing use of antibiotics for acne has led to the development antibiotic resistant propionobacteria and has become a worldwide problem in the recent years. Objective: We investigated the prevalence and pattern of antibiotic resistance to Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) and its relation to previous antibiotic therapy in acne patients attending the dermatology outpatient clinic in a tertiary dermatological referral Centre in Singapore. Methods: Skin swabs were collected from the skin lesions in 402 acne patients at baseline, 2months and 4 months. Cultures for C. acnes were done and sensitivity testing of the isolates was done using 5 commonly used antibiotics, namely tetracycline, minocycline, doxycycline, erythromycin and clindamycin. Data was collected about the previous treatment and current treatment being prescribed from Centre during these visits. Results: Cutibacterium acnes were isolated in 241 (60%) acne patients at baseline. Sixty seven (28.5%) of 235 isol...
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2019
Encryption is the method of sending messages via code. It essentially jumbles up the content of a... more Encryption is the method of sending messages via code. It essentially jumbles up the content of a message so that it would not make sense to a third party trying to gain access to the material. Both the sender and the recipient have the right key which encrypts and decrypts the message. It is the most effective method of securing communication. Encryption algorithms are divided into two categories: symmetric and asymmetric. In this paper, some of the most widely used encryption algorithms 3DES, AES and RSA have been implemented using C# programming language and .NET framework. After the implementation of these algorithms, they have been compared on the following parameters—encryption time, decryption time and throughput.
Background: The stress response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation is a commonly encount... more Background: The stress response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation is a commonly encountered physiological phenomenon. Though the response can be transient and harmless in normotensive healthy patients, but it may prove hazardous amongst patient with underlying cardiac disease, or hypertensive disease and its sequelae. Present study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of IV dexmedetomidine infusion and IV lignocaine in attenuating the hemodynamic responses during laryngoscopy and intubation. Methodology: On approval from hospital ethical committee, 120 ASA grade I and II, normotensive patients in the age group of 18-60 years, planned for elective surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into 3 equal groups of 40 each; Group A (Lignocaine group) received lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg IV 2 min before induction, Group B (dexmedetomidine group ) received dexmedetomidine 1 µ/kg IV infusion with syringe pump 10 min before induction, and Group C (...
Introduction: Nodular hidradenomas are difficult to be diagnosed. The present study aims at findi... more Introduction: Nodular hidradenomas are difficult to be diagnosed. The present study aims at finding a co-relation between cytological and histopathological diagnosis. Methods: All those histopathology diagnosed cases of Nodular Hidradenoma between Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2017, were analyzed for clinical and cytological diagnosis. Histopathological slides along with fresh slides made from paraffin embedded tissues were also reviewed. Results: Amongst nine cases of Nodular hidrademona, there were eight adults and one child. The tumors were mainly confined to head and neck area and extremities. On FNAC, in five cases diagnosis of benign skin adnexal tumor was made while in four cases diagnosis of benign adnexal tumors with possibility of Nodular hidradenoma was suggested. Histopathology established the diagnosis of nodular hidradenoma in all the cases. Conclusions: Nodular hidradenoma are difficult to be diagnosed on FNAC. Histopathology is the answer for final diagnosis.
Sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) methods are a family of supervised methods for dimensionalit... more Sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) methods are a family of supervised methods for dimensionality reduction that seek to reduce dimensionality while preserving information about a target variable of interest. However, existing SDR methods typically require more observations than the number of dimensions (N > p). To overcome this limitation, we propose Class-conditional Factor Analytic Dimensions (CFAD), a model-based dimensionality reduction method for high-dimensional, small-sample data. We show that CFAD substantially outperforms existing SDR methods in the small-sample regime, and can be extended to incorporate prior information such as smoothness in the projection axes. We demonstrate the effectiveness of CFAD with an application to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements during visual object recognition and working memory tasks, where it outperforms existing SDR and a variety of other dimensionalityreduction methods.
Here we present a case of a 37-year-old soldier of Indian Army, posted in high altitude area of L... more Here we present a case of a 37-year-old soldier of Indian Army, posted in high altitude area of Ladakh region (>4200 m), who after rejoining after a month leave, presented with dry cough, low-grade fever and dyspnoea on exertion while undergoing acclimatisation, and on examination, was detected to have hypoxaemia, fever and bilateral fine crepitations on chest auscultation. He was started on treatment for high altitude pulmonary oedema at a medical aid post, and later referred to General Hospital at Leh. The course of the illness was complicated by worsening hypoxaemia, continuous high-grade fever, leucopenia and hypotension. Focused medical history revealed that he had travelled to the state of Gujarat during his leave, where high incidence of H1N1 influenza was being reported during the ongoing pandemic. Oseltamivir was empirically started, in addition to parenteral antibiotics and he was started on inotropic support. In view of severe hypoxaemia, not responding to non-invasive...
Here, we present an unusual case of 26-month male toddler who presented with swelling of right lo... more Here, we present an unusual case of 26-month male toddler who presented with swelling of right lower limb with painless hyperpigmented patch over right groin of 18 months duration associated with recent onset respiratory distress. Evaluation revealed right chylothorax and MRI revealed altered signal intensity in bones and muscles of right lower limb. Lymphoscintigraphy revealed absence of lymphatic channels in right lower limb. Skin biopsy from hyperpigmented patch was suggestive of vasoformative lesion favouring lymphangiomatosis. A diagnosis of Gorham’s syndrome was made, and our patient was managed with drainage of chylothorax followed by pleurodesis, parenteral nutrition and radiotherapy.
2019 Conference on Cognitive Computational Neuroscience, 2019
Visual scene understanding often requires the processing of human-object interactions. Here we se... more Visual scene understanding often requires the processing of human-object interactions. Here we seek to explore if and how well Deep Neural Network (DNN) models capture features similar to the brain's representation of humans, objects, and their interactions. We investigate brain regions which process human-, objector or interaction-specific information, and establish correspondences between them and DNN features. Our results suggest that we can infer the selectivity of these regions to particular visual stimuli using DNN representations. We also map features from the DNN to the regions, thus linking the DNN representations to those found in specific parts of the visual cortex. In particular, our results suggest that a typical DNN representation contains encoding of compositional information for human-object interactions which goes beyond a linear combination of the encodings for the two components, thus suggesting that DNNs may be able to model this important property of biological vision.
Glomuvenous malformations (GVMs) present as asymptomatic multiple pink-to-blue nodules or plaques... more Glomuvenous malformations (GVMs) present as asymptomatic multiple pink-to-blue nodules or plaques. Disseminated lesions are rare, representing 10% of all the cases. Familial cases are caused by mutations in the glomulin gene. A young male presented with multiple bluish-to-dusky red-coloured nodules 10-15 in numbers over the trunk, limbs and buttocks since 12 years of age. They ranged in size from 1 to 3 cm, partially to non-compressible and tender on palpation. There was no history of any systemic complaint. His sister and mother had similar lesions but in a limited distribution. Biopsy showed multiple ectatic dilated vascular channels lined by multiple layers of glomus cells consistent with the diagnosis of GVM. The biopsy of the lesions from the mother and sister also showed similar features. Mutation analysis for glomulin gene could not be done because of the unavailability of the facility at our setting. He underwent sclerotherapy with 3% polidocanol every 2 weeks, and there was significant improvement in the lesions after six sessions of sclerotherapy. The patient is under follow-up and there is no recurrence of the lesions over treated sites after 6 months.
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Papers by Aditi Jha