Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2011
Water is becoming an increasingly scarce resource and planners are forced to consider any sources... more Water is becoming an increasingly scarce resource and planners are forced to consider any sources of water which might be used economically and effectively to promote further development. Irrigated agriculture occupies approximately 17 percent of the world's total food production. Whenever good quality water is scarce, water of marginal quality will have to be considered for use in agriculture. Domestic wastewater varies in composition from place to place due to different water sources used and also the composition and soil minerals from these sources. Ten samples were collected respectively from kitchen, laundry and toilet wastewaters were collected and physical, chemical, metallic and non-metallic analysis were carried out on the various samples collected following standard procedures. @JASEM
Soil erosion data generated while estimating soil loss in Samaru, Zaria using the EUROSEM model w... more Soil erosion data generated while estimating soil loss in Samaru, Zaria using the EUROSEM model were used as input parameters for the prediction of soil loss in the same catchment area using the WEPP erosion model. A comparative analysis of both models for soil loss prediction showed that WEPP performed better for bare and cultivated soils for which there was a continuous trend of increase in soil loss with advancement of years which was also in agreement with the observed values.
Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology, 2018
Handling and removal of harmful waste from our environment is a collective responsibility that al... more Handling and removal of harmful waste from our environment is a collective responsibility that all must embrace to make the world a safe habitat. A low cost environmental friendly waste picker was devel-oped. Biometric force evaluation of the end user obtained averaged 469.73 N. The refuse picker was calibrated to obtain the spring constant of 3030.73 N/m. The tool was tested and found to perform well in picking objects of different weights and of regular and irregular shapes ranging from 0.12 g to 2.72 kg. Serrated jaw enhanced the picking performance of the unit whilst picking a circular object without slipping off. The maximum safe horizontal and vertical loading recommended for the tool at picking was 0.5 kg. The picker was used to pick the smallest item, a pin of diameter 0.70 mm and weight of 0.12 g successfully. This tool can be very handy in the hospital where harmful waste such as needles, syringes and other unhealthy substances and waste must be removed from the environmen...
... University in Zaria. Nigeria. A. Ahmed and IK. Adewumi are imitation engineers with the proje... more ... University in Zaria. Nigeria. A. Ahmed and IK. Adewumi are imitation engineers with the project. 6 237 Page 230. 238 Figure J. Map of West Africa showing modern medium-and large-scale irrigatim projects. Page 231. 239 The ...
Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, 2008
A low-cost, low-tech continuous flow drip irrigation system was constructed and tested in Bauchi.... more A low-cost, low-tech continuous flow drip irrigation system was constructed and tested in Bauchi. The measured hydraulic performance parameters were analysed using computer based regression, correlation and path analyses. Results showed that the total flow energy of the system is most sensitive to variations in pressure energy. Without flow regulation, fluctuation in the system discharge is influenced largely by plugging and hydraulic design parameters. However, flow regulation using ‘Medi emitter’ cushions discharge variations caused by hydraulic design. This leaves variation due to plugging as the sole source of discharge fluctuation with the system. A set of regression equations is equally provided for speedy design and evaluation of similar drip systems under same operating conditions. The set of regression equations in particular, includes a systems specific form of the Bernoulli’s Equation that may be used for computations of flow energy requirements. Inferences from the regre...
The medical infusion set was re-structured to serve as a point source emitter for low-cost drip i... more The medical infusion set was re-structured to serve as a point source emitter for low-cost drip irrigation systems. The re-structured device, here referred to as „medi-emitter‟, was subjected to laboratory tests to evaluate its hydraulic characteristics. A calibration experiment, relating flow rate and level of emitter opening, gave a discharge range of 0-533 lhr -1 as the emitter flow regulator was gradually opened to its maximum. The peak discharge of 533 lhr -1 was recorded under a pressure of only 49.05 kPa. This makes the medi-emitter particularly suitable for low-cost drip systems that operate under gravity flow with low pressures often less than 58.86 KPa. The exponent values of the emitter flow functions ranged from 0.610 to 1.038, thus characterising the device as a laminar emitter. The laminar characteristic increases progressively with closure of the flow regulator. Manufacturer‟s coefficient of variation of the medi-emitter was 0.065. Measured coefficient of variation an...
Pond aeration systems were developed to sustain large quantities of fish and biomass materials. I... more Pond aeration systems were developed to sustain large quantities of fish and biomass materials. In this study the importance and functions of aeration were examined and prototype paddle wheel aerator was developed. The main features of the paddle wheel aerator wereelectric motor used as prime mover which was of one horse power capacity, Paddle hubs with six paddles all mounted on a shaft made of stainless steel and brass materials. Aeration experiment was conducted in water basin made up of plastic. Paddle-wheel aerator performance evaluation was conducted using unsteady state test.Physico-chemicalproperties of water sampled from the tested ponds were determined in accordance with the American Public Health Association standards (APHA, 2005). Performance test carriedout showed that the overall oxygen transfer co-efficient (KLa) was observed to be as high as 8.19 hr -1 and standard oxygen transfer rate (SOTR) and standard aerator efficiency (SAE) ranged from 1.1 – 1.2 kgO2hr -1 and 1...
Infiltration experiments were conducted to investigate seasonality effect of infiltration rates o... more Infiltration experiments were conducted to investigate seasonality effect of infiltration rates on some major soils in Gidan Kwanu area of the central area of Nigeria. The major soil found in this area is the sandy loam type with a sparse distinction of the sandy–clay soil and sandy soils. The infiltrometer rings will be placed randomly on each soil type and measurement taken to the nearest centimetre. The rings will be driven into the ground by hammering a wooden bar placed diametrically on the rings to prevent any blowout effects around the bottoms of the rings. In areas where ridges and furrows existed, the inner rings will always be placed in the furrow. The sandy soil had the highest rate of infiltration rate of 11.26 cm/hr and 19.35 cm/hr for the wet and dry seasons respectively while disturbed sandy soil hard the lowest infiltration rate of 8.18 cm/hr during the wet season and disturbed loam soil had the lowest infiltration rate of 8.61 cm/hr for dry season. Infiltration capa...
Nigerian Journal of Technological Development, 2021
Soil compaction has effect on soil physical properties which could affect crop growth and yield. ... more Soil compaction has effect on soil physical properties which could affect crop growth and yield. This study was conducted to determine the influence of incorporating organic materials and load application (tractorization) on the physical properties of sandy loamy soil in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Organic materials were cow dung, poultry and swine manure. Application rates of organic manures were 0 (control), 5 and 10 tonnes per hectare. Forty-five plots measuring 5 by 3 m were established in a complete randomized block experimental design with three replications making a total of 135 plots. Load application was done using an MF 435 tractor coupled with a 20-disc harrow at 0 (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20 passes. Penetration resistance, bulk density, gravimetric moisture content andporosity were determined using standard procedures. Penetrometer resistance at these passes were 392.2, 293.3, 285.0, 302.0 and 224.9 kPa respectively with significant differences between treatments (P≤0...
Energy consumptions and particles size distribution of soaked maize grains at varying time were s... more Energy consumptions and particles size distribution of soaked maize grains at varying time were studied and modeled. Rosin-Rammler Bennet (RRB) model well fitted first milling size distribution with a high coefficient of determination (R 2) and low root mean square error (RSME). The milling energy of maize grains decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increase in soaking time. The milling energy decrease from 32 to 8.72 kWh/kg and 32.00 to 9.00 kWh/kg for maize variety E9W at 24th hour soaking conditions of 28 and 65C, respectively. Similar observations for A4W , B2Y and C3Y at 24 hours of soaking were recorded.The Work index, Kick's and Rittinger's constants decreased with increase in soaking time. There was significant difference (p < 0.05) in values obtained for Bond work index, Rittinger's and Kick's constants; these decreased with increase in soaking time. Predicted energy consumption followed similar trend. The interaction effect between energy consumption, Moisture content, and Milling time showed a high R 2 (0.8767-0.99349);while the regressed model for determining energy consumption from relationship between the mass, moisture content, milling time and the ratio of the geometric diameter mean and final size of the product were also established in this work with R 2 ranging from 0.9355 to 0.967.
Besides catfish, other species that are common cultured are Tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus, Saro... more Besides catfish, other species that are common cultured are Tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus, Sarotherodon galilaues and Tilapia guinessis), Heteriotis niloticus, Gymnarchus niloticus, Mugil cephalus, Chrysichys nitrodigitatus among others. Further, the importance of Clarias gariepinus as source of protein cannot be overemphasized. Earlier work by Jeje (1992) reported that fish is becoming the
Production process planning is key to achieving optimal production process in any manufacturing ... more Production process planning is key to achieving optimal production process in any manufacturing environment. This paper presents the merit of the adoption of appropriate technology in the development of an interactive software system developed in the Visual Basic.6.0 2006 environment, and Microsoft Office Access 2007 as database for the management of production process planning in small scale bottled water industry in Nigeria. We describe first the bottled water production process; stage(s) involved in the process. Mathematical model(s) was adopted in the development of the system. The developed software was validated using a twelve-month production data of the industry. The result obtained showed an increase in production quantity by 19%, and an average production error of 8.33% over the twelve-month period. The developed software presented an optimum process plan in quick and consistent fashion which is the objective of Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP).
Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment, 2017
Catfish production is one of the largest segments of fish culture in Lagos State, Nigeria. Howeve... more Catfish production is one of the largest segments of fish culture in Lagos State, Nigeria. However, catfish effluents, which usually deteriorate the environment, need to be controlled. The effect of paddle-wheel aerator in catfish effluent was evaluated. The volume of catfish effluent was collected into two basins and diluted at given ratios. The paddle-wheel aerator was installed in one basin, while another basin served as control in determining the impact of paddle wheel aerator on catfish effluents. Water qualities such as Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), Total Ammonia (TNH3) and Nitrite (NO2-N) and Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) examined and ana-lysed. Results indicated that paddle-wheel aerator reduced TSS (24.4±1.5 %), TN2-N (53.3±1.2 %) , TNH3-N (65.2±1.2 %) , NO2-N (97.1±1.1 %) , TP (61.8±1.1 %) and BOD5 (54 ±1.5 %). com-pared with natural purification 33.9±1.6 % of TSS, 22.7±1.4 % of TN2-N, 29.3±1.6 % of TNH3-N, 53.9±1.2 % of NO2-N...
Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2011
Water is becoming an increasingly scarce resource and planners are forced to consider any sources... more Water is becoming an increasingly scarce resource and planners are forced to consider any sources of water which might be used economically and effectively to promote further development. Irrigated agriculture occupies approximately 17 percent of the world's total food production. Whenever good quality water is scarce, water of marginal quality will have to be considered for use in agriculture. Domestic wastewater varies in composition from place to place due to different water sources used and also the composition and soil minerals from these sources. Ten samples were collected respectively from kitchen, laundry and toilet wastewaters were collected and physical, chemical, metallic and non-metallic analysis were carried out on the various samples collected following standard procedures. @JASEM
Soil erosion data generated while estimating soil loss in Samaru, Zaria using the EUROSEM model w... more Soil erosion data generated while estimating soil loss in Samaru, Zaria using the EUROSEM model were used as input parameters for the prediction of soil loss in the same catchment area using the WEPP erosion model. A comparative analysis of both models for soil loss prediction showed that WEPP performed better for bare and cultivated soils for which there was a continuous trend of increase in soil loss with advancement of years which was also in agreement with the observed values.
Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology, 2018
Handling and removal of harmful waste from our environment is a collective responsibility that al... more Handling and removal of harmful waste from our environment is a collective responsibility that all must embrace to make the world a safe habitat. A low cost environmental friendly waste picker was devel-oped. Biometric force evaluation of the end user obtained averaged 469.73 N. The refuse picker was calibrated to obtain the spring constant of 3030.73 N/m. The tool was tested and found to perform well in picking objects of different weights and of regular and irregular shapes ranging from 0.12 g to 2.72 kg. Serrated jaw enhanced the picking performance of the unit whilst picking a circular object without slipping off. The maximum safe horizontal and vertical loading recommended for the tool at picking was 0.5 kg. The picker was used to pick the smallest item, a pin of diameter 0.70 mm and weight of 0.12 g successfully. This tool can be very handy in the hospital where harmful waste such as needles, syringes and other unhealthy substances and waste must be removed from the environmen...
... University in Zaria. Nigeria. A. Ahmed and IK. Adewumi are imitation engineers with the proje... more ... University in Zaria. Nigeria. A. Ahmed and IK. Adewumi are imitation engineers with the project. 6 237 Page 230. 238 Figure J. Map of West Africa showing modern medium-and large-scale irrigatim projects. Page 231. 239 The ...
Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, 2008
A low-cost, low-tech continuous flow drip irrigation system was constructed and tested in Bauchi.... more A low-cost, low-tech continuous flow drip irrigation system was constructed and tested in Bauchi. The measured hydraulic performance parameters were analysed using computer based regression, correlation and path analyses. Results showed that the total flow energy of the system is most sensitive to variations in pressure energy. Without flow regulation, fluctuation in the system discharge is influenced largely by plugging and hydraulic design parameters. However, flow regulation using ‘Medi emitter’ cushions discharge variations caused by hydraulic design. This leaves variation due to plugging as the sole source of discharge fluctuation with the system. A set of regression equations is equally provided for speedy design and evaluation of similar drip systems under same operating conditions. The set of regression equations in particular, includes a systems specific form of the Bernoulli’s Equation that may be used for computations of flow energy requirements. Inferences from the regre...
The medical infusion set was re-structured to serve as a point source emitter for low-cost drip i... more The medical infusion set was re-structured to serve as a point source emitter for low-cost drip irrigation systems. The re-structured device, here referred to as „medi-emitter‟, was subjected to laboratory tests to evaluate its hydraulic characteristics. A calibration experiment, relating flow rate and level of emitter opening, gave a discharge range of 0-533 lhr -1 as the emitter flow regulator was gradually opened to its maximum. The peak discharge of 533 lhr -1 was recorded under a pressure of only 49.05 kPa. This makes the medi-emitter particularly suitable for low-cost drip systems that operate under gravity flow with low pressures often less than 58.86 KPa. The exponent values of the emitter flow functions ranged from 0.610 to 1.038, thus characterising the device as a laminar emitter. The laminar characteristic increases progressively with closure of the flow regulator. Manufacturer‟s coefficient of variation of the medi-emitter was 0.065. Measured coefficient of variation an...
Pond aeration systems were developed to sustain large quantities of fish and biomass materials. I... more Pond aeration systems were developed to sustain large quantities of fish and biomass materials. In this study the importance and functions of aeration were examined and prototype paddle wheel aerator was developed. The main features of the paddle wheel aerator wereelectric motor used as prime mover which was of one horse power capacity, Paddle hubs with six paddles all mounted on a shaft made of stainless steel and brass materials. Aeration experiment was conducted in water basin made up of plastic. Paddle-wheel aerator performance evaluation was conducted using unsteady state test.Physico-chemicalproperties of water sampled from the tested ponds were determined in accordance with the American Public Health Association standards (APHA, 2005). Performance test carriedout showed that the overall oxygen transfer co-efficient (KLa) was observed to be as high as 8.19 hr -1 and standard oxygen transfer rate (SOTR) and standard aerator efficiency (SAE) ranged from 1.1 – 1.2 kgO2hr -1 and 1...
Infiltration experiments were conducted to investigate seasonality effect of infiltration rates o... more Infiltration experiments were conducted to investigate seasonality effect of infiltration rates on some major soils in Gidan Kwanu area of the central area of Nigeria. The major soil found in this area is the sandy loam type with a sparse distinction of the sandy–clay soil and sandy soils. The infiltrometer rings will be placed randomly on each soil type and measurement taken to the nearest centimetre. The rings will be driven into the ground by hammering a wooden bar placed diametrically on the rings to prevent any blowout effects around the bottoms of the rings. In areas where ridges and furrows existed, the inner rings will always be placed in the furrow. The sandy soil had the highest rate of infiltration rate of 11.26 cm/hr and 19.35 cm/hr for the wet and dry seasons respectively while disturbed sandy soil hard the lowest infiltration rate of 8.18 cm/hr during the wet season and disturbed loam soil had the lowest infiltration rate of 8.61 cm/hr for dry season. Infiltration capa...
Nigerian Journal of Technological Development, 2021
Soil compaction has effect on soil physical properties which could affect crop growth and yield. ... more Soil compaction has effect on soil physical properties which could affect crop growth and yield. This study was conducted to determine the influence of incorporating organic materials and load application (tractorization) on the physical properties of sandy loamy soil in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Organic materials were cow dung, poultry and swine manure. Application rates of organic manures were 0 (control), 5 and 10 tonnes per hectare. Forty-five plots measuring 5 by 3 m were established in a complete randomized block experimental design with three replications making a total of 135 plots. Load application was done using an MF 435 tractor coupled with a 20-disc harrow at 0 (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20 passes. Penetration resistance, bulk density, gravimetric moisture content andporosity were determined using standard procedures. Penetrometer resistance at these passes were 392.2, 293.3, 285.0, 302.0 and 224.9 kPa respectively with significant differences between treatments (P≤0...
Energy consumptions and particles size distribution of soaked maize grains at varying time were s... more Energy consumptions and particles size distribution of soaked maize grains at varying time were studied and modeled. Rosin-Rammler Bennet (RRB) model well fitted first milling size distribution with a high coefficient of determination (R 2) and low root mean square error (RSME). The milling energy of maize grains decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increase in soaking time. The milling energy decrease from 32 to 8.72 kWh/kg and 32.00 to 9.00 kWh/kg for maize variety E9W at 24th hour soaking conditions of 28 and 65C, respectively. Similar observations for A4W , B2Y and C3Y at 24 hours of soaking were recorded.The Work index, Kick's and Rittinger's constants decreased with increase in soaking time. There was significant difference (p < 0.05) in values obtained for Bond work index, Rittinger's and Kick's constants; these decreased with increase in soaking time. Predicted energy consumption followed similar trend. The interaction effect between energy consumption, Moisture content, and Milling time showed a high R 2 (0.8767-0.99349);while the regressed model for determining energy consumption from relationship between the mass, moisture content, milling time and the ratio of the geometric diameter mean and final size of the product were also established in this work with R 2 ranging from 0.9355 to 0.967.
Besides catfish, other species that are common cultured are Tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus, Saro... more Besides catfish, other species that are common cultured are Tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus, Sarotherodon galilaues and Tilapia guinessis), Heteriotis niloticus, Gymnarchus niloticus, Mugil cephalus, Chrysichys nitrodigitatus among others. Further, the importance of Clarias gariepinus as source of protein cannot be overemphasized. Earlier work by Jeje (1992) reported that fish is becoming the
Production process planning is key to achieving optimal production process in any manufacturing ... more Production process planning is key to achieving optimal production process in any manufacturing environment. This paper presents the merit of the adoption of appropriate technology in the development of an interactive software system developed in the Visual Basic.6.0 2006 environment, and Microsoft Office Access 2007 as database for the management of production process planning in small scale bottled water industry in Nigeria. We describe first the bottled water production process; stage(s) involved in the process. Mathematical model(s) was adopted in the development of the system. The developed software was validated using a twelve-month production data of the industry. The result obtained showed an increase in production quantity by 19%, and an average production error of 8.33% over the twelve-month period. The developed software presented an optimum process plan in quick and consistent fashion which is the objective of Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP).
Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment, 2017
Catfish production is one of the largest segments of fish culture in Lagos State, Nigeria. Howeve... more Catfish production is one of the largest segments of fish culture in Lagos State, Nigeria. However, catfish effluents, which usually deteriorate the environment, need to be controlled. The effect of paddle-wheel aerator in catfish effluent was evaluated. The volume of catfish effluent was collected into two basins and diluted at given ratios. The paddle-wheel aerator was installed in one basin, while another basin served as control in determining the impact of paddle wheel aerator on catfish effluents. Water qualities such as Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), Total Ammonia (TNH3) and Nitrite (NO2-N) and Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) examined and ana-lysed. Results indicated that paddle-wheel aerator reduced TSS (24.4±1.5 %), TN2-N (53.3±1.2 %) , TNH3-N (65.2±1.2 %) , NO2-N (97.1±1.1 %) , TP (61.8±1.1 %) and BOD5 (54 ±1.5 %). com-pared with natural purification 33.9±1.6 % of TSS, 22.7±1.4 % of TN2-N, 29.3±1.6 % of TNH3-N, 53.9±1.2 % of NO2-N...
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