Jackiella ceylanica Schiffn. ex St. 91 J. javanic:, ver. cordifolia SehJffn. are being rr for the... more Jackiella ceylanica Schiffn. ex St. 91 J. javanic:, ver. cordifolia SehJffn. are being rr for the first time from India. The t 91 details of the two taxa together with. a discussion of the tenability of two vaxieties of J.javanica Schiffn. namely var. coral'folia and vax. cavifolia have been given.
ABSTRACTMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is being increasingly recognised all over the world as t... more ABSTRACTMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is being increasingly recognised all over the world as the imaging modality of choice for brachial plexus and peripheral nerve lesions. Recent refinements in MRI protocols have helped in imaging nerve tissue with greater clarity thereby helping in the identification, localisation and classification of nerve lesions with greater confidence than was possible till now. This article on Magnetic Resonance Neurography (MRN) is based on the authors’ experience of imaging the brachial plexus and peripheral nerves using these protocols over the last several years.
ABSTRACT ntroduction: The aim of the reconstructive burn surgeon is to remove all the scar tissue... more ABSTRACT ntroduction: The aim of the reconstructive burn surgeon is to remove all the scar tissue in the affected area and resurface the area with supple tissue, which allows proper movement of the neck and is esthetically pleasing. We present our series of 10 patients of burn neck contracture, primary and recurrent, who were treated with free flap reconstruction. Patients and Methods: A retrospective review of all the data of the patients was done and the demographic data, preoperative and postoperative examination findings, surgery offered, results and follow-up details were tabulated and analyzed. Results: All the flaps survived completely. Two flaps showed postoperative congestion on day 1 and were taken to the operating room to be reexplored. All patients showed marked improvement in the degree of neck extension, lateral flexion, and rotation which remained unchanged with successive follow-ups. Conclusion: The results of free flap reconstruction of the burn neck contracture area appear to be better than other methods in terms of functional and esthetic restoration of the normal anatomy. The postoperative morbidities for the patient are also reduced and patient comfort is enhanced. The authors feel that in centers where microsurgical expertise is available, the patients of burn neck contractures may be offered the option of complete scar excision and free flap reconstruction as a primary option instead of scar release and split skin grafting.
... Deepti Saxena1, R Yadav1 and Adarsh Kumar2* 1 Department of Physics, Meerut College, Meerut ... more ... Deepti Saxena1, R Yadav1 and Adarsh Kumar2* 1 Department of Physics, Meerut College, Meerut 250 002, Uttar Pradesh, India 2 Department of Physics, Apeejay College of Engineering, Sohna,Gurgaon - 122 103, Haryana, India E-mail : [email protected] ...
The effect of total solar eclipse on atmospheric conductivities has been studied. Continuous meas... more The effect of total solar eclipse on atmospheric conductivities has been studied. Continuous measurements of both types of positive and negative electrical conductivities and some meteorological parameters in conjunction with the total solar eclipse of 22 July, 2009 were made from 21 to 23 July, 2009 at Roorkee (29°52¢ N, 77°53¢ E, 275 m above sea level). Roorkee observed 90% maximum obscurity of eclipse since it was close to the path of totality. The event started from 05:28 AM IST and ended at 07:42 AM IST with the total eclipse at 06:30 AM IST. Considerable increase of both positive and negative conductivities were recorded during the eclipse with respect to those made on any other day. Increase in relative humidity and decrease in temperature were also observed during the period of eclipse.
Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2012
The tight computing constraints of low capacity mobile devices require lightweight cryptographic ... more The tight computing constraints of low capacity mobile devices require lightweight cryptographic implementations.A software and hardware based performance analysis of cryptographic primitives: lightweight encryption/decryption, lightweight key exchange and lightweight authentication using hashing mechanism are conducted in this work. The parameters taken for software comparison are: high throughput, minimum delay and for hardware are: minimum gate equivalents (GE) and minimum power consumption. Cryptographic primitives are combined using two scenarios: (i) authentication to plaintext and confidentiality to message_to_send and (ii) confidentiality to plaintext and authentication to message_to_send. Two combinations are having similar results comparisons but authentication to plaintext and confidentiality to message_to_send is more meaningful. Furthermore, these two combinations provide implementation of cryptographic primitives with 30% of total GE at 52 μW. Thus, these are two complete cryptographic solutions with ultra-lightweight features which are suitable for extremely resource constraint environments such as mobile sensor devices.
The exact causes of death in India are not known because autopsy studies are difficult to conduct... more The exact causes of death in India are not known because autopsy studies are difficult to conduct due to religious considerations. There are rapid changes in diet and lifestyle amongst social classes causing changes in the pattern of risk factors and mortality. In the present study, we attempt to develop a verbal autopsy questionnaire based on medical records and interview of a family member, for the assessment of causes of death, social class, tobacco consumption and dietary intakes among urban decedents in north India. For the period 1999-2001, we studied the randomly selected records of death of 2222 (1385 men and 837 women) decedents, aged 25-64 years, out of 3034 death records overall from the records at the Municipal Corporation, Moradabad. Families of these decedents were contacted individually to find out the causes of death, by scientist- administered, informed-consented, verbal autopsy questionnaire, completed with the help of the spouse and local treating doctor practicin...
Recent evidence shows that pro-inflammatory cytokines may be important in the assessment of sever... more Recent evidence shows that pro-inflammatory cytokines may be important in the assessment of severity and prognosis in congestive heart failure (CHF). In the present study, we examine the association of cytokines with causes, grade and prognosis of CHF patients. Of 127 patients with CHF, 11 were excluded and the remaining 116 patients with different aetiologies of CHF, and 250 age- and sex-matched control subjects, were evaluated in this case study. Severity of disease based on the New York Heart Association (NYHA) standards, fell within functional classes II to IV. The diagnosis of HF was based on clinical manifestations as well as on echocardiographic heart enlargement. Cytokines were measured by chemiluminescence. Causes of death were assessed based on death certificates. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors of heart failure. Echocardiographic ejection fraction was 39.1 +/- 8.2% (mean +/- SD) in the study group indicating class II-IV hea...
A polymeric membrane-based tin selective electrode was developed by using salicylaldehyde thiosem... more A polymeric membrane-based tin selective electrode was developed by using salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (STSC). The best performance was recorded with a membrane composition of PVC : TBP : ionophore : NaTPB as 28 : 59 : 8 : 5 (w/w%). The Nernstian slope calculated from the calibration curve for Sn2+sensor was28.8±0.4 mV/decade. The detection limit of the sensor was2.10×10−8 M, in the linear concentration range of1.0×10−2−1.1×10−7 M. It was relatively fast response time (<8 s for concentration≥1.0×10−4and <12 s for concentration of≥1.0×10−6 M) and can be used for 9 months without any considerable divergence in potentials. The proposed sensor exhibit relatively good selectivity and high sensitivity for tin(II) as other mono-, di-, and trivalent cations and can be used in a pH range of 2.0–8.5. The analytical usefulness of the proposed electrode has been evaluated by its application in the determination of stannous in artificially made samples.
Journal of Experimental Therapeutics and Oncology, 2003
y Chronomics: imaging in time (Insert 1). Physiologic variability, a formidable enemy when ignore... more y Chronomics: imaging in time (Insert 1). Physiologic variability, a formidable enemy when ignored, can be made into a powerful source of new information with clinical applications. This is the task of the science of chronobiology, which developed originally from genetics. Mendelian genetics started with plant hybridization, whereas in Minnesota, as a new science on an old topic, chronobiology began as a spin-off of genetics with studies on inbred mice by 1950. Genetics eventually led to genomics, the mapping of genes and the cloning of organisms. Concurrently, the study of biological variability led to circadian rhythms, then to chronobiology, and thus to the mapping of ever broader time structures, the chronomes (from chronos ¼ time and nomos ¼ rule). Chronomics maps computer-analyzed elements of variability in and around us. Chronomes can include, in dense series, numerically assessed endpoints of 1) deterministic chaos that undergoes, 2) rhythms, the major predictable element and, notably in long series, also 3) trends that, as the series become long enough, eventually can turn out to be rhythms with ever longer periods, up to one or several decades in individuals and still longer periodicities in populations. It does not suffice to focus, e.g. on the frequency of a cardiac cycle, upon the 'low frequency' of current concerns about heart rate variability (HRV), when circadecadals may modulate rhythms with shorter periods, as they may well do with a biological day, week, half a year, and/or $1.3-year. DIVERSITY IN SPACE: GENETICS VARIABILITY IN TIME: CHRONOBIOLOGY MAPPING GENOMICS CHRONOMICS CHRONOMICS, the mapping of time structures, i.e., of chronomes (from chronos, time, and nomos, rule), of each pertinent variable, in us and around us, near and far, with cycles eventually coded in genomes by an adaptive evolution, others still resonating in us by mechanisms evolved as an integrative evolution Insert 1: Complementarity in biological diversities
Xylazine (1.1 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.02 mg/kg), guaifenesin 5% (20 mg/kg), and ketamine (2.2 mg/k... more Xylazine (1.1 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.02 mg/kg), guaifenesin 5% (20 mg/kg), and ketamine (2.2 mg/kg) combinations were able to induce short-term surgical anaesthesia for 23.33 ± 2.57 min in Spiti ponies with excellent to good muscle relaxation and analgesia. Urination and neighing was a constant feature during recovery period. Biphasic P wave, biphasic T wave, and depressed PR segment were common electrocardiographic findings. Biochemical attributes were within physiological limits except a significant increase in ALT values during anaesthesia. The values returned to normal during recovery ruling out any renal or hepatic toxicity. Occasionally, negative T wave, notched P wave, and sinus block were noticed. It is recommended that the anaesthetic combinations xylazine-butorphanol-guaifenesin-ketamine can be safely used for short-term total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) in equines under field conditions.
Alkaline media oxidation of leucine by chloramine-T has been investigated. A first order dependen... more Alkaline media oxidation of leucine by chloramine-T has been investigated. A first order dependence in chloramine-T and leucine and a near inverse first order dependence in hydroxide ion has been observed. Ionic strength had negligible effect while the effect of ...
S15 acute studies on humans, the effect of alcohol consumption in the evening was compared with o... more S15 acute studies on humans, the effect of alcohol consumption in the evening was compared with orange juice consumption; an effect upon the circadian amplitude can be detected when the MESOR is unchanged for SBR MAP, DBP and HR. Ethanol can kill or not kill mice in the laboratory simply as a function of circadian sage. The cllronome sage dependence of its effect in humans remains to be explored. Likewise, when either dietary calorie restriction or medication reduce the BP MESOR, CHAT can be an intermediate transient condition. Conclusion: The very high risk of stroke associated with CHAT should prompt routine CHAT screening, before disease sets in. Timing of alcohol consumption should be a consideration when CHAT is found.
Introduction: Despite the maintenance of att~oventricular (AV) syn chrony, clinical trials have d... more Introduction: Despite the maintenance of att~oventricular (AV) syn chrony, clinical trials have demonstrated that there is no survival benefit for dual chamber pacing. The detrimental effects of left ventriculat-(LV) desynchro~tization on immediate mecha~ical lerfom~ance and inWaven triculat-flow by nonphysiologic fight ventriculat-(RV) apical pacing and adaptive rate acceleration are not cleat-, Methods and Results: Twenty seven consecutive patients (18 with DDD and 9 with AAI mode pacemakers) were evaluated with echocar diography before and 24 hours after the pacemaker implantation. The rate response effect of pacing was studied by programmed rate in in crements of 20, from 60 to 100/min, Color M mode echocardiography demonstrated that more patients with dual chamber pacing had new bipha sic intraventdcular flow during isovolumic relaxation than that with atrial pacing(13/18 versus 0/9, P < 0,001), The ventricular relaxation represented by iNtral annulus velocity (Em) or miwal flow propagation velocity (Vp) in early diastole significantly decreased, and the myocardial lefformance index (MPI) significantly increased after RV pacing (all P < 0,001), With a cardiac cycle, the isovolumic relaxation period increased and the diastole period decreased for both groups of pacing as the rate accelerated (P < 0,001), However, only those with dual clnnaber pacing had a decreased Vp (P 0.026) and an attenuated force frequency relation. Conclusion: Despite the AV synclnony, RV apical pacing mamediately attenuates the LV contraction and relaxation. Higher RV pacing rate aggravated the relaxation abnomlality and dinrinished the physiologically positive force frequency relation,
Introduction: Arterial stiffness is a strong determinant of cardiovascular risk, Aortic pulse wav... more Introduction: Arterial stiffness is a strong determinant of cardiovascular risk, Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an index of arterial stiffness and its prognostic value has been repeatedly emphasized, PWV values were reported to be positively correlated with the severity of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD), As large arteries became stiffer with age or disease process, the PWV and the amplitude of the reflected wave both inmeased. Out-hypothesis is that the harder the arteries become the earlier the waveform was reflected and which will change the shape of the p~essure pulse wavefoml. Method: Seventy five patients with CAD, who had received coronary angiography examination, were included, CAD was defined as at least 50% diameter narrowing of a major coronary artery, Severity of CAD was defined by one vessel (group I), two vessel (group II) and three vessel (group III) disease, Aiflde brachial index (ABI) and Brachial ankle PWV were measured in each subject, Several parameters calculated from the pulse waveformincluding the amplitude of dicrotic notch(reflect peripheral vascular resistance) and dicrotic wave (reflect arterial compliance), the PreEjection period(PEP), the Left Ventricular Ejection Time(LVET), the Systolic Time Ratio(STR), the time interval between the foot of pressure wave and the peak pressure(Thl), LVET minus Thl(reflect arterial stiffness), the width of tidal wave and the duration of the tip of tidal wave were analyzed, All these parameters together with PWV and ABI were statistically correlated to the three groups of patients with CAD and tried to figure out which parameter is more strongly correlated to the severity of CAD, Results: The mean values of PWV and ABI among the three groups of patients were 1693.0±400.9 and 1.08±0.07 in group I, 1608.7±324.4 and 1.07±0.09 in group II, 1768.8±432.4 and 1.04±0.13 in group III respec tively. No significant difference of PWV and ABI could be demonstrated among the three groups of patients, However, by analyzing the parameters of pulse wavefoml, significant difference could be demonstrated in group III patients, After matching sex and age between each group, the group III patients had the highest arterial stiffness (p 0.001), the lowest vas cular compliance (p 0.018), contractility (p 0.031) and ejection velocity (p 0.007). In addition, the width of the tidal wave was narrowest (p 0.034) and the duration of the tip of tidal wave was shortest (p 0.001) in group III patients, Conclusion: Comparing with PWV and ABI, pulse wavefoml analysis was more powerful in predicting the severity of patients with CAD,
Treatment with a kappa-opioid receptor agonist for five days decreases locomotor activity and red... more Treatment with a kappa-opioid receptor agonist for five days decreases locomotor activity and reduces activity in response to a cocaine challenge three days later. In addition, chronic cocaine increases kappa-opioid receptor density, striatal dynorphin, and dynorphin gene expression in the striatum. The upregulation of kappa-opioid receptors after cocaine treatment occurs predominantly in brain regions that are highly innervated by serotonin. To determine if serotonin plays a role in the effects of kappa-opioid receptor agonists on cocaine-stimulated activity, parachloroamphetamine (PCA), which depleted serotonin by 53%-66%, or saline, was given prior to a five-day treatment with U-69593 or vehicle. Three days later each rat received a single injection of cocaine and locomotor activity was measured. Treatment with PCA had no effect on the ability of U-69593 alone to decrease locomotor activity. Thus, the behavioral effects of U-69593 alone were not dependent upon serotonin. In rats pretreated with saline, U-69593 treatment significantly blocked the locomotoractivating effects of cocaine. Following PCA pretreatment, however, there were no significant differences in locomotor activity in rats challenged with an injection of cocaine after treatment with U-69593 or vehicle. Thus, serotonin depletion prevented the long-lasting blockade of the locomotoractivating effects of cocaine subsequent to repeated administration of U-69593 but did not alter the effects of cocaine in rats that were treated with vehicle. Thus, the effects of PCA on U-69593 are not due to non-specific alterations in cocaine-induced locomotor activity. These findings suggest that serotonin plays an important role in mediating the effects of kappa-opioid receptor agonists on the behavioral response to cocaine.
Efforts have been made to see the effect of some standard microelectronic processing steps on por... more Efforts have been made to see the effect of some standard microelectronic processing steps on porous silicon. Our diffusion experiments for making p-n junctions confirm that this material can withstand high temperatures of the order of 800°C to 1000°C. A new technique for photolithography has been suggested to obtain porous silicon in selected areas. Etch stop method to control the thickness of the porous layer and an organic protective layer for porous silicon have also been suggested. Models proposed by other workers to explain luminescence in porous silicon are not sufficient to explain many experimental observations. A hybrid model is suggested.
Of 54 patients with acute coronary artery disease (CAD) that were included in this study, 41 pati... more Of 54 patients with acute coronary artery disease (CAD) that were included in this study, 41 patients had acute myocardial infarction (AMI), five patients possible MI, four patients unstable angina and the remaining four angina pectoris. The control subjects (n-85) were randomly selected from the general population of the city of Moradabad of similar age range after exclusion for CAD (n=9), diabetes (n=6) and excess intake of trans fatty acids (n=20). The incidence of lipoprotein(a) excess (>30 mg/dl; 42.6 vs 24.7%; P<0.05) and mean concentration of lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a], 6.4 mg/dl, 95% confidence interval: 2.8-10.5; P<0.05) was significantly greater in the acute CAD group compared with control subjects. Mean total cholesterol and triglyeerides were significantly higher and mean nitrite level lower in the study group as compared with the control group.There was a significant greater incidence of cardiac events in the second quarter of the day compared with the fourth quarter. Lp(a), triglycerides, blood glucose, plasma insulin, malondialdehyde, diene conjugates, TBARS and TNFalpha and IL-6 levels, which were significantly greater during the acute phase, showed a significant decline and serum nitrite and coenzyme Q demonstrated an increase at 4 weeks of follow-up when the acute reactions evoked by MI had been controlled. Large breakfasts were a predisposing factor for cardiac events in the second quarter of the day and it was significantly associated with metabolic reactions. The findings indicate that acute reactions as a result or as circadian rhythms appear to be important in the pathogenesis of AMI-associated complications and that a large breakfast in association with nitrite deficiency may further trigger the circadian rhythms. However, more studies in a larger number of subjects would be necessary in order to confirm our findings.
Jackiella ceylanica Schiffn. ex St. 91 J. javanic:, ver. cordifolia SehJffn. are being rr for the... more Jackiella ceylanica Schiffn. ex St. 91 J. javanic:, ver. cordifolia SehJffn. are being rr for the first time from India. The t 91 details of the two taxa together with. a discussion of the tenability of two vaxieties of J.javanica Schiffn. namely var. coral'folia and vax. cavifolia have been given.
ABSTRACTMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is being increasingly recognised all over the world as t... more ABSTRACTMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is being increasingly recognised all over the world as the imaging modality of choice for brachial plexus and peripheral nerve lesions. Recent refinements in MRI protocols have helped in imaging nerve tissue with greater clarity thereby helping in the identification, localisation and classification of nerve lesions with greater confidence than was possible till now. This article on Magnetic Resonance Neurography (MRN) is based on the authors’ experience of imaging the brachial plexus and peripheral nerves using these protocols over the last several years.
ABSTRACT ntroduction: The aim of the reconstructive burn surgeon is to remove all the scar tissue... more ABSTRACT ntroduction: The aim of the reconstructive burn surgeon is to remove all the scar tissue in the affected area and resurface the area with supple tissue, which allows proper movement of the neck and is esthetically pleasing. We present our series of 10 patients of burn neck contracture, primary and recurrent, who were treated with free flap reconstruction. Patients and Methods: A retrospective review of all the data of the patients was done and the demographic data, preoperative and postoperative examination findings, surgery offered, results and follow-up details were tabulated and analyzed. Results: All the flaps survived completely. Two flaps showed postoperative congestion on day 1 and were taken to the operating room to be reexplored. All patients showed marked improvement in the degree of neck extension, lateral flexion, and rotation which remained unchanged with successive follow-ups. Conclusion: The results of free flap reconstruction of the burn neck contracture area appear to be better than other methods in terms of functional and esthetic restoration of the normal anatomy. The postoperative morbidities for the patient are also reduced and patient comfort is enhanced. The authors feel that in centers where microsurgical expertise is available, the patients of burn neck contractures may be offered the option of complete scar excision and free flap reconstruction as a primary option instead of scar release and split skin grafting.
... Deepti Saxena1, R Yadav1 and Adarsh Kumar2* 1 Department of Physics, Meerut College, Meerut ... more ... Deepti Saxena1, R Yadav1 and Adarsh Kumar2* 1 Department of Physics, Meerut College, Meerut 250 002, Uttar Pradesh, India 2 Department of Physics, Apeejay College of Engineering, Sohna,Gurgaon - 122 103, Haryana, India E-mail : [email protected] ...
The effect of total solar eclipse on atmospheric conductivities has been studied. Continuous meas... more The effect of total solar eclipse on atmospheric conductivities has been studied. Continuous measurements of both types of positive and negative electrical conductivities and some meteorological parameters in conjunction with the total solar eclipse of 22 July, 2009 were made from 21 to 23 July, 2009 at Roorkee (29°52¢ N, 77°53¢ E, 275 m above sea level). Roorkee observed 90% maximum obscurity of eclipse since it was close to the path of totality. The event started from 05:28 AM IST and ended at 07:42 AM IST with the total eclipse at 06:30 AM IST. Considerable increase of both positive and negative conductivities were recorded during the eclipse with respect to those made on any other day. Increase in relative humidity and decrease in temperature were also observed during the period of eclipse.
Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2012
The tight computing constraints of low capacity mobile devices require lightweight cryptographic ... more The tight computing constraints of low capacity mobile devices require lightweight cryptographic implementations.A software and hardware based performance analysis of cryptographic primitives: lightweight encryption/decryption, lightweight key exchange and lightweight authentication using hashing mechanism are conducted in this work. The parameters taken for software comparison are: high throughput, minimum delay and for hardware are: minimum gate equivalents (GE) and minimum power consumption. Cryptographic primitives are combined using two scenarios: (i) authentication to plaintext and confidentiality to message_to_send and (ii) confidentiality to plaintext and authentication to message_to_send. Two combinations are having similar results comparisons but authentication to plaintext and confidentiality to message_to_send is more meaningful. Furthermore, these two combinations provide implementation of cryptographic primitives with 30% of total GE at 52 μW. Thus, these are two complete cryptographic solutions with ultra-lightweight features which are suitable for extremely resource constraint environments such as mobile sensor devices.
The exact causes of death in India are not known because autopsy studies are difficult to conduct... more The exact causes of death in India are not known because autopsy studies are difficult to conduct due to religious considerations. There are rapid changes in diet and lifestyle amongst social classes causing changes in the pattern of risk factors and mortality. In the present study, we attempt to develop a verbal autopsy questionnaire based on medical records and interview of a family member, for the assessment of causes of death, social class, tobacco consumption and dietary intakes among urban decedents in north India. For the period 1999-2001, we studied the randomly selected records of death of 2222 (1385 men and 837 women) decedents, aged 25-64 years, out of 3034 death records overall from the records at the Municipal Corporation, Moradabad. Families of these decedents were contacted individually to find out the causes of death, by scientist- administered, informed-consented, verbal autopsy questionnaire, completed with the help of the spouse and local treating doctor practicin...
Recent evidence shows that pro-inflammatory cytokines may be important in the assessment of sever... more Recent evidence shows that pro-inflammatory cytokines may be important in the assessment of severity and prognosis in congestive heart failure (CHF). In the present study, we examine the association of cytokines with causes, grade and prognosis of CHF patients. Of 127 patients with CHF, 11 were excluded and the remaining 116 patients with different aetiologies of CHF, and 250 age- and sex-matched control subjects, were evaluated in this case study. Severity of disease based on the New York Heart Association (NYHA) standards, fell within functional classes II to IV. The diagnosis of HF was based on clinical manifestations as well as on echocardiographic heart enlargement. Cytokines were measured by chemiluminescence. Causes of death were assessed based on death certificates. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors of heart failure. Echocardiographic ejection fraction was 39.1 +/- 8.2% (mean +/- SD) in the study group indicating class II-IV hea...
A polymeric membrane-based tin selective electrode was developed by using salicylaldehyde thiosem... more A polymeric membrane-based tin selective electrode was developed by using salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (STSC). The best performance was recorded with a membrane composition of PVC : TBP : ionophore : NaTPB as 28 : 59 : 8 : 5 (w/w%). The Nernstian slope calculated from the calibration curve for Sn2+sensor was28.8±0.4 mV/decade. The detection limit of the sensor was2.10×10−8 M, in the linear concentration range of1.0×10−2−1.1×10−7 M. It was relatively fast response time (<8 s for concentration≥1.0×10−4and <12 s for concentration of≥1.0×10−6 M) and can be used for 9 months without any considerable divergence in potentials. The proposed sensor exhibit relatively good selectivity and high sensitivity for tin(II) as other mono-, di-, and trivalent cations and can be used in a pH range of 2.0–8.5. The analytical usefulness of the proposed electrode has been evaluated by its application in the determination of stannous in artificially made samples.
Journal of Experimental Therapeutics and Oncology, 2003
y Chronomics: imaging in time (Insert 1). Physiologic variability, a formidable enemy when ignore... more y Chronomics: imaging in time (Insert 1). Physiologic variability, a formidable enemy when ignored, can be made into a powerful source of new information with clinical applications. This is the task of the science of chronobiology, which developed originally from genetics. Mendelian genetics started with plant hybridization, whereas in Minnesota, as a new science on an old topic, chronobiology began as a spin-off of genetics with studies on inbred mice by 1950. Genetics eventually led to genomics, the mapping of genes and the cloning of organisms. Concurrently, the study of biological variability led to circadian rhythms, then to chronobiology, and thus to the mapping of ever broader time structures, the chronomes (from chronos ¼ time and nomos ¼ rule). Chronomics maps computer-analyzed elements of variability in and around us. Chronomes can include, in dense series, numerically assessed endpoints of 1) deterministic chaos that undergoes, 2) rhythms, the major predictable element and, notably in long series, also 3) trends that, as the series become long enough, eventually can turn out to be rhythms with ever longer periods, up to one or several decades in individuals and still longer periodicities in populations. It does not suffice to focus, e.g. on the frequency of a cardiac cycle, upon the 'low frequency' of current concerns about heart rate variability (HRV), when circadecadals may modulate rhythms with shorter periods, as they may well do with a biological day, week, half a year, and/or $1.3-year. DIVERSITY IN SPACE: GENETICS VARIABILITY IN TIME: CHRONOBIOLOGY MAPPING GENOMICS CHRONOMICS CHRONOMICS, the mapping of time structures, i.e., of chronomes (from chronos, time, and nomos, rule), of each pertinent variable, in us and around us, near and far, with cycles eventually coded in genomes by an adaptive evolution, others still resonating in us by mechanisms evolved as an integrative evolution Insert 1: Complementarity in biological diversities
Xylazine (1.1 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.02 mg/kg), guaifenesin 5% (20 mg/kg), and ketamine (2.2 mg/k... more Xylazine (1.1 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.02 mg/kg), guaifenesin 5% (20 mg/kg), and ketamine (2.2 mg/kg) combinations were able to induce short-term surgical anaesthesia for 23.33 ± 2.57 min in Spiti ponies with excellent to good muscle relaxation and analgesia. Urination and neighing was a constant feature during recovery period. Biphasic P wave, biphasic T wave, and depressed PR segment were common electrocardiographic findings. Biochemical attributes were within physiological limits except a significant increase in ALT values during anaesthesia. The values returned to normal during recovery ruling out any renal or hepatic toxicity. Occasionally, negative T wave, notched P wave, and sinus block were noticed. It is recommended that the anaesthetic combinations xylazine-butorphanol-guaifenesin-ketamine can be safely used for short-term total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) in equines under field conditions.
Alkaline media oxidation of leucine by chloramine-T has been investigated. A first order dependen... more Alkaline media oxidation of leucine by chloramine-T has been investigated. A first order dependence in chloramine-T and leucine and a near inverse first order dependence in hydroxide ion has been observed. Ionic strength had negligible effect while the effect of ...
S15 acute studies on humans, the effect of alcohol consumption in the evening was compared with o... more S15 acute studies on humans, the effect of alcohol consumption in the evening was compared with orange juice consumption; an effect upon the circadian amplitude can be detected when the MESOR is unchanged for SBR MAP, DBP and HR. Ethanol can kill or not kill mice in the laboratory simply as a function of circadian sage. The cllronome sage dependence of its effect in humans remains to be explored. Likewise, when either dietary calorie restriction or medication reduce the BP MESOR, CHAT can be an intermediate transient condition. Conclusion: The very high risk of stroke associated with CHAT should prompt routine CHAT screening, before disease sets in. Timing of alcohol consumption should be a consideration when CHAT is found.
Introduction: Despite the maintenance of att~oventricular (AV) syn chrony, clinical trials have d... more Introduction: Despite the maintenance of att~oventricular (AV) syn chrony, clinical trials have demonstrated that there is no survival benefit for dual chamber pacing. The detrimental effects of left ventriculat-(LV) desynchro~tization on immediate mecha~ical lerfom~ance and inWaven triculat-flow by nonphysiologic fight ventriculat-(RV) apical pacing and adaptive rate acceleration are not cleat-, Methods and Results: Twenty seven consecutive patients (18 with DDD and 9 with AAI mode pacemakers) were evaluated with echocar diography before and 24 hours after the pacemaker implantation. The rate response effect of pacing was studied by programmed rate in in crements of 20, from 60 to 100/min, Color M mode echocardiography demonstrated that more patients with dual chamber pacing had new bipha sic intraventdcular flow during isovolumic relaxation than that with atrial pacing(13/18 versus 0/9, P < 0,001), The ventricular relaxation represented by iNtral annulus velocity (Em) or miwal flow propagation velocity (Vp) in early diastole significantly decreased, and the myocardial lefformance index (MPI) significantly increased after RV pacing (all P < 0,001), With a cardiac cycle, the isovolumic relaxation period increased and the diastole period decreased for both groups of pacing as the rate accelerated (P < 0,001), However, only those with dual clnnaber pacing had a decreased Vp (P 0.026) and an attenuated force frequency relation. Conclusion: Despite the AV synclnony, RV apical pacing mamediately attenuates the LV contraction and relaxation. Higher RV pacing rate aggravated the relaxation abnomlality and dinrinished the physiologically positive force frequency relation,
Introduction: Arterial stiffness is a strong determinant of cardiovascular risk, Aortic pulse wav... more Introduction: Arterial stiffness is a strong determinant of cardiovascular risk, Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an index of arterial stiffness and its prognostic value has been repeatedly emphasized, PWV values were reported to be positively correlated with the severity of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD), As large arteries became stiffer with age or disease process, the PWV and the amplitude of the reflected wave both inmeased. Out-hypothesis is that the harder the arteries become the earlier the waveform was reflected and which will change the shape of the p~essure pulse wavefoml. Method: Seventy five patients with CAD, who had received coronary angiography examination, were included, CAD was defined as at least 50% diameter narrowing of a major coronary artery, Severity of CAD was defined by one vessel (group I), two vessel (group II) and three vessel (group III) disease, Aiflde brachial index (ABI) and Brachial ankle PWV were measured in each subject, Several parameters calculated from the pulse waveformincluding the amplitude of dicrotic notch(reflect peripheral vascular resistance) and dicrotic wave (reflect arterial compliance), the PreEjection period(PEP), the Left Ventricular Ejection Time(LVET), the Systolic Time Ratio(STR), the time interval between the foot of pressure wave and the peak pressure(Thl), LVET minus Thl(reflect arterial stiffness), the width of tidal wave and the duration of the tip of tidal wave were analyzed, All these parameters together with PWV and ABI were statistically correlated to the three groups of patients with CAD and tried to figure out which parameter is more strongly correlated to the severity of CAD, Results: The mean values of PWV and ABI among the three groups of patients were 1693.0±400.9 and 1.08±0.07 in group I, 1608.7±324.4 and 1.07±0.09 in group II, 1768.8±432.4 and 1.04±0.13 in group III respec tively. No significant difference of PWV and ABI could be demonstrated among the three groups of patients, However, by analyzing the parameters of pulse wavefoml, significant difference could be demonstrated in group III patients, After matching sex and age between each group, the group III patients had the highest arterial stiffness (p 0.001), the lowest vas cular compliance (p 0.018), contractility (p 0.031) and ejection velocity (p 0.007). In addition, the width of the tidal wave was narrowest (p 0.034) and the duration of the tip of tidal wave was shortest (p 0.001) in group III patients, Conclusion: Comparing with PWV and ABI, pulse wavefoml analysis was more powerful in predicting the severity of patients with CAD,
Treatment with a kappa-opioid receptor agonist for five days decreases locomotor activity and red... more Treatment with a kappa-opioid receptor agonist for five days decreases locomotor activity and reduces activity in response to a cocaine challenge three days later. In addition, chronic cocaine increases kappa-opioid receptor density, striatal dynorphin, and dynorphin gene expression in the striatum. The upregulation of kappa-opioid receptors after cocaine treatment occurs predominantly in brain regions that are highly innervated by serotonin. To determine if serotonin plays a role in the effects of kappa-opioid receptor agonists on cocaine-stimulated activity, parachloroamphetamine (PCA), which depleted serotonin by 53%-66%, or saline, was given prior to a five-day treatment with U-69593 or vehicle. Three days later each rat received a single injection of cocaine and locomotor activity was measured. Treatment with PCA had no effect on the ability of U-69593 alone to decrease locomotor activity. Thus, the behavioral effects of U-69593 alone were not dependent upon serotonin. In rats pretreated with saline, U-69593 treatment significantly blocked the locomotoractivating effects of cocaine. Following PCA pretreatment, however, there were no significant differences in locomotor activity in rats challenged with an injection of cocaine after treatment with U-69593 or vehicle. Thus, serotonin depletion prevented the long-lasting blockade of the locomotoractivating effects of cocaine subsequent to repeated administration of U-69593 but did not alter the effects of cocaine in rats that were treated with vehicle. Thus, the effects of PCA on U-69593 are not due to non-specific alterations in cocaine-induced locomotor activity. These findings suggest that serotonin plays an important role in mediating the effects of kappa-opioid receptor agonists on the behavioral response to cocaine.
Efforts have been made to see the effect of some standard microelectronic processing steps on por... more Efforts have been made to see the effect of some standard microelectronic processing steps on porous silicon. Our diffusion experiments for making p-n junctions confirm that this material can withstand high temperatures of the order of 800°C to 1000°C. A new technique for photolithography has been suggested to obtain porous silicon in selected areas. Etch stop method to control the thickness of the porous layer and an organic protective layer for porous silicon have also been suggested. Models proposed by other workers to explain luminescence in porous silicon are not sufficient to explain many experimental observations. A hybrid model is suggested.
Of 54 patients with acute coronary artery disease (CAD) that were included in this study, 41 pati... more Of 54 patients with acute coronary artery disease (CAD) that were included in this study, 41 patients had acute myocardial infarction (AMI), five patients possible MI, four patients unstable angina and the remaining four angina pectoris. The control subjects (n-85) were randomly selected from the general population of the city of Moradabad of similar age range after exclusion for CAD (n=9), diabetes (n=6) and excess intake of trans fatty acids (n=20). The incidence of lipoprotein(a) excess (>30 mg/dl; 42.6 vs 24.7%; P<0.05) and mean concentration of lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a], 6.4 mg/dl, 95% confidence interval: 2.8-10.5; P<0.05) was significantly greater in the acute CAD group compared with control subjects. Mean total cholesterol and triglyeerides were significantly higher and mean nitrite level lower in the study group as compared with the control group.There was a significant greater incidence of cardiac events in the second quarter of the day compared with the fourth quarter. Lp(a), triglycerides, blood glucose, plasma insulin, malondialdehyde, diene conjugates, TBARS and TNFalpha and IL-6 levels, which were significantly greater during the acute phase, showed a significant decline and serum nitrite and coenzyme Q demonstrated an increase at 4 weeks of follow-up when the acute reactions evoked by MI had been controlled. Large breakfasts were a predisposing factor for cardiac events in the second quarter of the day and it was significantly associated with metabolic reactions. The findings indicate that acute reactions as a result or as circadian rhythms appear to be important in the pathogenesis of AMI-associated complications and that a large breakfast in association with nitrite deficiency may further trigger the circadian rhythms. However, more studies in a larger number of subjects would be necessary in order to confirm our findings.
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