Metal chalcogenides have been intensively investigated as antibacterial agents due to their uniqu... more Metal chalcogenides have been intensively investigated as antibacterial agents due to their unique structures and superior photoactivities. Herein, various structures of copper sulfide (CuS), a metal chalcogenide, such as microspheres (MSs), nanosheets (NSs), and nanoparticles (NPs), were developed in this work for antibacterial applications. A hydrothermal process was utilized to synthesize CuS MSs, CuS NSs, and CuS NPs. Under simulated solar light and near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, the antibacterial behaviors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and light-driven antibacterial mechanisms of CuS MSs, CuS NSs, and CuS NPs were demonstrated with the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli). Bacterial growth curves and ROS generation tests indicated that CuS NSs and CuS NPs had higher light-driven antibacterial activities than that of CuS MSs. ROS of hydroxyl (·OH) and superoxide anion radicals (O2-) were investigated via an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopic analysis by respectively incubating CuS MSs, CuS NSs, and CuS NPs with E. coli under simulated solar light irradiation. Furthermore, E. coli incubated with CuS NPs and CuS NSs showed substantial bacterial degradation after NIR laser irradiation, which was attributed to their photothermal killing effects. Light-driven antibacterial mechanisms of CuS NSs and CuS NPs were investigated, and we discovered that under simulated solar and NIR light irradiation, CuS NSs and CuS NPs produced photoinduced electrons, and the copper ions and photoinduced electrons then reacted with atmospheric moisture to produce hydroxide and superoxide anion radicals and heat, resulting in bacterial mortality.
An outbreak of a bacterial contagion is a critical threat for human health worldwide. Recently, l... more An outbreak of a bacterial contagion is a critical threat for human health worldwide. Recently, light-activated heterostructured nanomaterials (LAHNs) have shown potential as antibacterial agents, owing to their unique structural and optical properties. Many investigations have revealed that heterostructured nanomaterials are potential antibacterial agents under light irradiation. In this review, we summarize recent developments of light-activated antibacterial agents using heterostructured nanomaterials and specifically categorized those agents based on their various light harvesters. The detailed antibacterial mechanisms are also addressed. With the achievements of LAHNs as antibacterial agents, we further discuss the challenges and opportunities for their future clinical applications.
Due to the moneter crisis that be indicated by decreasing change value for Rupiah to US Dollar, b... more Due to the moneter crisis that be indicated by decreasing change value for Rupiah to US Dollar, brought the serious effect to the PLN finance mostly corelated with the loan return by US Dollar but at the mean time the kWh sales as PLN income in Rupiah.. And also for the ...
Sistem kontrol autopilot merupakan suatu sistem yang terintegrasi antara sistem navigasi berbasis... more Sistem kontrol autopilot merupakan suatu sistem yang terintegrasi antara sistem navigasi berbasis di darat maupun satelit sebagai outer loop dan sistem kontrol pesawat terbang sebagai inner loop. Berdasarkan fungsi pengendaliannya sistem kontrol autopilot dibedakan atas; sistem kontrol point to point yang berfungsi mengendalikan pesawat terbang agar tetap berada pada jalur penerbangan tertentu dan sistem kontrol pendekatan pendaratan yang berfungsi mengendalikan pesawat terbang untuk proses pendaratan. Pada proses pendaratan sistem navigasi yang digunakan adalah ILS (Instrument Landing System), terdiri dari pemancar radio frekwensi Glide Slope (GS) sebagai pemandu intuk sudut pendaratan dan Localizer (LLZ) sebagai pemandu posisi garis tengah landasan. Sistem kontrol autopilot telah banyak digunakan pada pesawat terbang modern dan telah berhasil dengan baik. Pada umumnya kontroler yang digunakan merupakan integrasi antara kompensator dan kontroler PID. Meskipun kontroler ini memiliki performansi cukup baik dalam mengatasi gangguan yang berasal dari interferensi sinyal informasi GS dan LLZ (>30 Hz), namun untuk tipe gangguan yang berosilasi pada frekwensi rendah (0,1 Hz s/d 1Hz) performansi sistem autopilot sangat menurun yang dapat berakibat fatal terhadap keselematan penerbangan. Dengan memodifikasi kontroler menjadi kontroler prediktif melalui penambahan Model Prediksi Gangguan, performansi sistem kontrol autopilot menjadi sangat baik dalam mengatasi gangguan yang berosilasi baik untuk frekwensi tinggi maupun frekwensi rendah.
Sistem multi robot dapat didefinisikan sebagai kumpulan robot yang berkoordinasi melalui sistem k... more Sistem multi robot dapat didefinisikan sebagai kumpulan robot yang berkoordinasi melalui sistem komunikasi untuk melakukan tugas kooperatif tertentu. Penggunaan multi robot secara terkoordinasi memungkinkan pencapaian tugas yang lebih kompleks. Efisiensi penyelesaian tugas pada sistem multi robot dapat ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan formasi. Pengaturan formasi pada sistem multi robot dapat diselesaikan dengan menggunakan pendekatan leader-follower. Leader sebagai pusat koordinasi sedangkan follower mengikuti leader dengan jarak dan orientasi relatif yang telah ditentukan. Penerapan formasi pada lingkungan tidak terstruktur terdapat rintangan yang memungkinkan formasi tidak terbentuk sesuai dengan yang diinginkan. Pendekatan leader-follower memiliki kelemahan jika leader menghadapi rintangan maka keseluruhan robot dapat terganggu. Berdasarkan kelemahan tersebut, leader harus dapat menghindari rintangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan kontroler tracking dan kontroler menghindari rintangan dengan algoritma fuzzy. Penerapan kontroler tracking pada sistem multi robot bertujuan membentuk formasi. Sistem dengan kontroler yang diusulkan tersebut mampu membentuk formasi sesuai spesifikasi yang diberikan sekaligus menghindari rintangan.
The problem raised in the application of particle swarm (agent) is forming a clearly defined form... more The problem raised in the application of particle swarm (agent) is forming a clearly defined formation in the area around the centroid or in another word how to realize a formation defined before. One method that has been used is Artificial Neural Network Self Organizing Map (ANN-SOM). However, this method has the disadvantage of being inadequate on forming a formation, especially in a pipe obstruction formations. This research proposed a new method of forming a formation using ANN-SOM with 2-leveled strategy, that is offline and online strategy. Initial position of all agents is regulated according to certain rules. The shape of the destination formation has been determined and the final position of each agent is known. ANN-SOM will provide movement sequences for each agent. An offline strategy is done to plan the path (path planning) and the final position from each agent based on the minimum mileage accumulation criteria of all agents. Then online strategy is executed by following the path (path tracking) and the final position that has been planned. Experiments by simulation are carried out using various combinations of desired formations in a given 2D space and proving the superiority of the proposed method. From this experiment, it provides results that indicate that the agent successfully formed the formation as desired with the total distance traveled by all agents is minimum.
The ant colony algorithm (ACA) method basically aims to solve target search problems strategy. In... more The ant colony algorithm (ACA) method basically aims to solve target search problems strategy. In previous researchers, the method of ant colony have been use to solve optimization path to target, where the location of target is known. But this method cannot solve if the position of target is unknown. To solve unknown target, swarm agent can explore entire environment using ant colony algorithm. This research proposed a new method for swarm multi agent exploration on unknown target using modified ant colony algorithm based on Anti-pheromone. First strategy making swarm agent motion move direction, so that swarm agent can avoid the obstacle until find the target and the second by making swarm agent explore the entire environment using Anti-pheromone algorithm for information, the purpose of using Anti-pheromone algorithm is to make ant colony always making of decision to choose a path with a small number of pheromones. The simulated results present that modified algorithm of ant colony system can make swarm agent to explore in searching for find target position while the swarm avoid the obstacle. First simulation with 1-5 agent, using criteria (1) better solution to explore entire node, The second simulation with 1-5 agent, can finding target position more effectively using parameter (2) with minimum iterasi and minimum mileage. Proposed method can effectively enable swarm agent to search unknown target position quickly.
Salah satu masalah yang dihadapi pada navigasi robot soccer adalah bagaimana menghindari halangan... more Salah satu masalah yang dihadapi pada navigasi robot soccer adalah bagaimana menghindari halangan ketika melakukan tugasnya. Makalah ini membahas tentang perancangan kontrol robot menggunakan fuzzy untuk mencari target berupa bola pada robot soccer. Sebagai masukan kontroler adalah koordinat posisi robot dan sudut antara arah hadap robot dengan bola. Keluaran dari sistem yang dibangun adalah pengaturan kecepatan motor kanan dan motor kiri robot. Pengujian dilakukan untuk mengetahui respon gerakan robot untuk mencari target.
Vibrasi pada helikopter menjadi konsentrasi tersendiri untuk terus ditingkatkan penanganannya. Ha... more Vibrasi pada helikopter menjadi konsentrasi tersendiri untuk terus ditingkatkan penanganannya. Hal ini dikarenakan selain dapat menyebabkan kerusakan struktur badan helikopter jika vibrasi yang dihasilkan terlalu besar juga berpengaruh pada kenyamanan pilot dan penumpang. Sistem vibrasi pada helicopter terdiri dari baling-baling, rotor mount, dan suspensi dimana terdapat damper sebagai peredam. Pada penelitian ini, digunakan damper semi aktif yang variabelnya dikontrol dengan menggunakan kontrol adaptif L1 berbasis analisis Fourier dari vibrasi yang dihasilkan oleh rotor. Analisis Fourier digunakan untuk mencari frekuensi cutoff vibrasi yang digunakan untuk penalaan pada kontrol adaptif L1. Hasil rancangan band pass filter orde 2 pada sistem dapat memperbaiki respon percepatan hingga 72.52% pada rotor mount dan 65.94% badan helicopter dalam waktu 2 detik. Hasil rancangan juga dapat menangani kesalahan perpindahan sebesar 55.6% pada rotor mount dan 55.56% pada badan helikopter dalam ...
2020 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications (ISITIA), 2020
Inertial Navigation systems (INS) combined with other navigational aids such a magneto sensor is ... more Inertial Navigation systems (INS) combined with other navigational aids such a magneto sensor is used to provide orientation solution are introduced to improve performance on INS initial alignment. Even though INS alone can compute the position of a certain vehicle without assistance from another instance. It is well known that INS contain drift error in its navigation solution. The experiment results were obtained from an IMU in stationary condition and rotating it for a certain degree and direction and then simulated using MATLAB. The results obtained demonstrate improvement in heading angle provided when both INS and magneto sensors are integrated using the Kalman Filter.
2017 5th International Conference on Instrumentation, Control, and Automation (ICA), 2017
This paper investigates of a Robust H-Inflnity Active Fault Tolerant Control for Incomplete Infor... more This paper investigates of a Robust H-Inflnity Active Fault Tolerant Control for Incomplete Information problem. Incomplete information includes of the Randomly Occurred Sensor Saturation (ROSS) and missing measurement. In this paper, we use active fault tolerant control to reconfiguration the controller on-line in real time. The main contribution of this paper is to show that Incomplete Information problem can be solved using Robust H-Infinity Active Fault Tolerant Control (AFTC) with Linear Matrix Inequality approach. A full car model is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed result. The simulation shows the effectiveness of this method for incomplete information problem.
Metal chalcogenides have been intensively investigated as antibacterial agents due to their uniqu... more Metal chalcogenides have been intensively investigated as antibacterial agents due to their unique structures and superior photoactivities. Herein, various structures of copper sulfide (CuS), a metal chalcogenide, such as microspheres (MSs), nanosheets (NSs), and nanoparticles (NPs), were developed in this work for antibacterial applications. A hydrothermal process was utilized to synthesize CuS MSs, CuS NSs, and CuS NPs. Under simulated solar light and near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, the antibacterial behaviors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and light-driven antibacterial mechanisms of CuS MSs, CuS NSs, and CuS NPs were demonstrated with the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli). Bacterial growth curves and ROS generation tests indicated that CuS NSs and CuS NPs had higher light-driven antibacterial activities than that of CuS MSs. ROS of hydroxyl (·OH) and superoxide anion radicals (O2-) were investigated via an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopic analysis by respectively incubating CuS MSs, CuS NSs, and CuS NPs with E. coli under simulated solar light irradiation. Furthermore, E. coli incubated with CuS NPs and CuS NSs showed substantial bacterial degradation after NIR laser irradiation, which was attributed to their photothermal killing effects. Light-driven antibacterial mechanisms of CuS NSs and CuS NPs were investigated, and we discovered that under simulated solar and NIR light irradiation, CuS NSs and CuS NPs produced photoinduced electrons, and the copper ions and photoinduced electrons then reacted with atmospheric moisture to produce hydroxide and superoxide anion radicals and heat, resulting in bacterial mortality.
An outbreak of a bacterial contagion is a critical threat for human health worldwide. Recently, l... more An outbreak of a bacterial contagion is a critical threat for human health worldwide. Recently, light-activated heterostructured nanomaterials (LAHNs) have shown potential as antibacterial agents, owing to their unique structural and optical properties. Many investigations have revealed that heterostructured nanomaterials are potential antibacterial agents under light irradiation. In this review, we summarize recent developments of light-activated antibacterial agents using heterostructured nanomaterials and specifically categorized those agents based on their various light harvesters. The detailed antibacterial mechanisms are also addressed. With the achievements of LAHNs as antibacterial agents, we further discuss the challenges and opportunities for their future clinical applications.
Due to the moneter crisis that be indicated by decreasing change value for Rupiah to US Dollar, b... more Due to the moneter crisis that be indicated by decreasing change value for Rupiah to US Dollar, brought the serious effect to the PLN finance mostly corelated with the loan return by US Dollar but at the mean time the kWh sales as PLN income in Rupiah.. And also for the ...
Sistem kontrol autopilot merupakan suatu sistem yang terintegrasi antara sistem navigasi berbasis... more Sistem kontrol autopilot merupakan suatu sistem yang terintegrasi antara sistem navigasi berbasis di darat maupun satelit sebagai outer loop dan sistem kontrol pesawat terbang sebagai inner loop. Berdasarkan fungsi pengendaliannya sistem kontrol autopilot dibedakan atas; sistem kontrol point to point yang berfungsi mengendalikan pesawat terbang agar tetap berada pada jalur penerbangan tertentu dan sistem kontrol pendekatan pendaratan yang berfungsi mengendalikan pesawat terbang untuk proses pendaratan. Pada proses pendaratan sistem navigasi yang digunakan adalah ILS (Instrument Landing System), terdiri dari pemancar radio frekwensi Glide Slope (GS) sebagai pemandu intuk sudut pendaratan dan Localizer (LLZ) sebagai pemandu posisi garis tengah landasan. Sistem kontrol autopilot telah banyak digunakan pada pesawat terbang modern dan telah berhasil dengan baik. Pada umumnya kontroler yang digunakan merupakan integrasi antara kompensator dan kontroler PID. Meskipun kontroler ini memiliki performansi cukup baik dalam mengatasi gangguan yang berasal dari interferensi sinyal informasi GS dan LLZ (>30 Hz), namun untuk tipe gangguan yang berosilasi pada frekwensi rendah (0,1 Hz s/d 1Hz) performansi sistem autopilot sangat menurun yang dapat berakibat fatal terhadap keselematan penerbangan. Dengan memodifikasi kontroler menjadi kontroler prediktif melalui penambahan Model Prediksi Gangguan, performansi sistem kontrol autopilot menjadi sangat baik dalam mengatasi gangguan yang berosilasi baik untuk frekwensi tinggi maupun frekwensi rendah.
Sistem multi robot dapat didefinisikan sebagai kumpulan robot yang berkoordinasi melalui sistem k... more Sistem multi robot dapat didefinisikan sebagai kumpulan robot yang berkoordinasi melalui sistem komunikasi untuk melakukan tugas kooperatif tertentu. Penggunaan multi robot secara terkoordinasi memungkinkan pencapaian tugas yang lebih kompleks. Efisiensi penyelesaian tugas pada sistem multi robot dapat ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan formasi. Pengaturan formasi pada sistem multi robot dapat diselesaikan dengan menggunakan pendekatan leader-follower. Leader sebagai pusat koordinasi sedangkan follower mengikuti leader dengan jarak dan orientasi relatif yang telah ditentukan. Penerapan formasi pada lingkungan tidak terstruktur terdapat rintangan yang memungkinkan formasi tidak terbentuk sesuai dengan yang diinginkan. Pendekatan leader-follower memiliki kelemahan jika leader menghadapi rintangan maka keseluruhan robot dapat terganggu. Berdasarkan kelemahan tersebut, leader harus dapat menghindari rintangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan kontroler tracking dan kontroler menghindari rintangan dengan algoritma fuzzy. Penerapan kontroler tracking pada sistem multi robot bertujuan membentuk formasi. Sistem dengan kontroler yang diusulkan tersebut mampu membentuk formasi sesuai spesifikasi yang diberikan sekaligus menghindari rintangan.
The problem raised in the application of particle swarm (agent) is forming a clearly defined form... more The problem raised in the application of particle swarm (agent) is forming a clearly defined formation in the area around the centroid or in another word how to realize a formation defined before. One method that has been used is Artificial Neural Network Self Organizing Map (ANN-SOM). However, this method has the disadvantage of being inadequate on forming a formation, especially in a pipe obstruction formations. This research proposed a new method of forming a formation using ANN-SOM with 2-leveled strategy, that is offline and online strategy. Initial position of all agents is regulated according to certain rules. The shape of the destination formation has been determined and the final position of each agent is known. ANN-SOM will provide movement sequences for each agent. An offline strategy is done to plan the path (path planning) and the final position from each agent based on the minimum mileage accumulation criteria of all agents. Then online strategy is executed by following the path (path tracking) and the final position that has been planned. Experiments by simulation are carried out using various combinations of desired formations in a given 2D space and proving the superiority of the proposed method. From this experiment, it provides results that indicate that the agent successfully formed the formation as desired with the total distance traveled by all agents is minimum.
The ant colony algorithm (ACA) method basically aims to solve target search problems strategy. In... more The ant colony algorithm (ACA) method basically aims to solve target search problems strategy. In previous researchers, the method of ant colony have been use to solve optimization path to target, where the location of target is known. But this method cannot solve if the position of target is unknown. To solve unknown target, swarm agent can explore entire environment using ant colony algorithm. This research proposed a new method for swarm multi agent exploration on unknown target using modified ant colony algorithm based on Anti-pheromone. First strategy making swarm agent motion move direction, so that swarm agent can avoid the obstacle until find the target and the second by making swarm agent explore the entire environment using Anti-pheromone algorithm for information, the purpose of using Anti-pheromone algorithm is to make ant colony always making of decision to choose a path with a small number of pheromones. The simulated results present that modified algorithm of ant colony system can make swarm agent to explore in searching for find target position while the swarm avoid the obstacle. First simulation with 1-5 agent, using criteria (1) better solution to explore entire node, The second simulation with 1-5 agent, can finding target position more effectively using parameter (2) with minimum iterasi and minimum mileage. Proposed method can effectively enable swarm agent to search unknown target position quickly.
Salah satu masalah yang dihadapi pada navigasi robot soccer adalah bagaimana menghindari halangan... more Salah satu masalah yang dihadapi pada navigasi robot soccer adalah bagaimana menghindari halangan ketika melakukan tugasnya. Makalah ini membahas tentang perancangan kontrol robot menggunakan fuzzy untuk mencari target berupa bola pada robot soccer. Sebagai masukan kontroler adalah koordinat posisi robot dan sudut antara arah hadap robot dengan bola. Keluaran dari sistem yang dibangun adalah pengaturan kecepatan motor kanan dan motor kiri robot. Pengujian dilakukan untuk mengetahui respon gerakan robot untuk mencari target.
Vibrasi pada helikopter menjadi konsentrasi tersendiri untuk terus ditingkatkan penanganannya. Ha... more Vibrasi pada helikopter menjadi konsentrasi tersendiri untuk terus ditingkatkan penanganannya. Hal ini dikarenakan selain dapat menyebabkan kerusakan struktur badan helikopter jika vibrasi yang dihasilkan terlalu besar juga berpengaruh pada kenyamanan pilot dan penumpang. Sistem vibrasi pada helicopter terdiri dari baling-baling, rotor mount, dan suspensi dimana terdapat damper sebagai peredam. Pada penelitian ini, digunakan damper semi aktif yang variabelnya dikontrol dengan menggunakan kontrol adaptif L1 berbasis analisis Fourier dari vibrasi yang dihasilkan oleh rotor. Analisis Fourier digunakan untuk mencari frekuensi cutoff vibrasi yang digunakan untuk penalaan pada kontrol adaptif L1. Hasil rancangan band pass filter orde 2 pada sistem dapat memperbaiki respon percepatan hingga 72.52% pada rotor mount dan 65.94% badan helicopter dalam waktu 2 detik. Hasil rancangan juga dapat menangani kesalahan perpindahan sebesar 55.6% pada rotor mount dan 55.56% pada badan helikopter dalam ...
2020 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications (ISITIA), 2020
Inertial Navigation systems (INS) combined with other navigational aids such a magneto sensor is ... more Inertial Navigation systems (INS) combined with other navigational aids such a magneto sensor is used to provide orientation solution are introduced to improve performance on INS initial alignment. Even though INS alone can compute the position of a certain vehicle without assistance from another instance. It is well known that INS contain drift error in its navigation solution. The experiment results were obtained from an IMU in stationary condition and rotating it for a certain degree and direction and then simulated using MATLAB. The results obtained demonstrate improvement in heading angle provided when both INS and magneto sensors are integrated using the Kalman Filter.
2017 5th International Conference on Instrumentation, Control, and Automation (ICA), 2017
This paper investigates of a Robust H-Inflnity Active Fault Tolerant Control for Incomplete Infor... more This paper investigates of a Robust H-Inflnity Active Fault Tolerant Control for Incomplete Information problem. Incomplete information includes of the Randomly Occurred Sensor Saturation (ROSS) and missing measurement. In this paper, we use active fault tolerant control to reconfiguration the controller on-line in real time. The main contribution of this paper is to show that Incomplete Information problem can be solved using Robust H-Infinity Active Fault Tolerant Control (AFTC) with Linear Matrix Inequality approach. A full car model is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed result. The simulation shows the effectiveness of this method for incomplete information problem.
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