A research study was established at the research farm of the University of Agriculture, Peshawar ... more A research study was established at the research farm of the University of Agriculture, Peshawar during winter 2018–2019. Commercial biochars were given to the experimental site from 2014 to summer 2018 and received 0.95, 130 and 60 tons ha −1 of biochar by various treatments viz., (Biochar 1 ) BC 1 , (Biochar 2 ) BC 2 , (Biochar 3 ) BC 3 and (Biochar 4 ) BC 4 , respectively. This piece of work was conducted within the same study to find the long-term influence of biochar on the fertility of the soil, fixation of N 2 , as well as the yie1d of chickpea under a mung–chickpea cropping system. A split plot arrangement was carried out by RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) to evaluate the study. Twenty-five kilograms of N ha −1 were given as a starter dosage to every plot. Phosphorous and potassium were applied at two levels (half (45:30 kg ha −1 ) and full (90:60 kg ha −1 ) recommended doses) to each of the four biochar treatments. The chickpea crop parameters measured were the numb...
This study is based on survey of the conservation practices adopted by the farmers in various reg... more This study is based on survey of the conservation practices adopted by the farmers in various regions of District Swabi (34°10'23" N, 72°34'80" E), (Pakistan). The surveyed area comprised of 86 zones of the District to assemble farmer’s practices for conservation of water and soil. A few reviews demonstrated that over 70% of the world rural areas face direct decline. Water is likewise turning into a rare resource by sedimentation, contaminating with various chemicals. The adoption of a particular conservation practice in any zone seems to have relation with the region’s climatic conditions and land relief. For instance, the practices in Baja (with a relatively smaller slope gradient) were different to that adopted in Utla (with higher slope gradient) where stone walled terracing was the most common practice. Additionally, use of conservation practices were also dependent upon the extent of precipitation and wind, and the regions where precipitation was high, conservation practices were for the most part stubble mulching, cover crops, grass strips, field borders and filter strips that can diminish overflow by improving infiltration. Whilst the areas with higher level of wind erosion were, generally, proliferated with wind breaks and trees plantations. From the results it is obvious that farmers adoptive conservation practices in District Swabi were more focused on decreasing the soil loss, ensuring a safe habitat for natural biodiversity, improving soil fertility and increasing bioenergy production which should help increase financial gains of the farming community living in the area.
Use of imbalance fertilizers and its application methods may cause reducing crops productivity. T... more Use of imbalance fertilizers and its application methods may cause reducing crops productivity. Therefore the proper level of fertilizers and appropriate methods is required to sustain the productivity of crops and soil fertility. Different levels of Nitrogen and its application methods were used to improve the canola productivity. A field experiment was conducted at University of Agriculture, Peshawar research farm in 2015-16. Randomized complete block design in split plot arrangement was applied with four replicates. Application methods (Broadcast method, rows one side placement, rows both side placement and rows between) were allotted to main plots and N levels (40, 70 and 90 kg ha-1) were allotted to subplots. Experimental results exhibit that all the parameter were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different; maximum days to emergence (9), maximum number of plant m-2 (32), maximum days to first flowering (97), maximum grain pod-1 (28), maximum 1000 grain weight (3.2 g), maximum grain yield (985 kg ha-1) were noted at plot that fertilized with 70 kg ha-1 N along with both side placement of rows. It can be concluded that N at 70 kg ha-1 and both side placement of rows produce a higher yield and yield attributes of canola.
The rapid climate changes are imperative to evaluate and find ways that suite to maize-specific v... more The rapid climate changes are imperative to evaluate and find ways that suite to maize-specific varieties either hybrids or varieties with appropriate sowing dates to avoid the critical growth stages from the stresses due to climate condition. Sowing at proper time and selection of good verity are the most important factor cropping system. A field experiment was conducted at the University of Agriculture Research Farm during summer 2016 to evaluate the influence of sowing dates on varying maize varieties grown under the agro-climatic condition of Peshawar. The experiment was laid out in RCBD (randomized complete block design) were replicated three times with split plot arrangement. Sowing dates (10 June, 21 June, 1 July, 11 July, 22 July) were allotted to main plot and varieties (Iqbal, Azam, Jalal, Babar, SB-989, SB-909, SB-292, CS-200, CS-220, and W-888) were placed in the subplot. The subplot size was 5 m × 3 m. Experimental result showed that maximum days to tasseling (60), days to silking (65), tasseling and silking interval (6), plant height (185 cm), biological yield (21745 kg ha-1), 1000 grain weight (413 g) grain yield (5162 kg ha-1) were observed in different sowing intervals. Among the different verities the maximum days to tasseling (57), days to silking (62), tasseling and silking interval (7). Plant height, (176 cm), biological yield (17279 kg ha-1), 1000 grain weight (410 g), grain yield (5113 kg ha-1). It is concluded from the result that early sowing and tested variety W-888 give higher grain yield and yield traits of maize.
Improper use of fertilizers and its ratio is one of the main reasons for low productivity; theref... more Improper use of fertilizers and its ratio is one of the main reasons for low productivity; therefore balance fertilization is required to maintain crop production and improved soil fertility. Therefore the experiment was carried out at Cereal Crop Research Institute (CCRI) Pirsabak, Distract Nowshera KP, Pakistan during Kharif 2016. To study the effect of different phosphorus (P) sources and their ratios on maize yield and yield components, an experiment was carried out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replication. The treatments consisted of sole application of Farmyard Manure (FYM), Poultry Manure (PM) and Diammonium Phosphate (DAP), 75% FYM+25% DAP, 50% FYM+50% DAP, 75% PM+25% DAP, 50% PM+50% DAP and a control treatment with no P fertilizer. Phosphorus was applied at the rate of 100 kg ha-1 from different sources in different ratios. The results indicated a significant effect of different phosphorus sources on days to tasselling, days to silking, days to maturity, plant height, grains ear-1, grain yield, biological yield, and harvest index, whereas the emergence m-2 was found non-significant with different P sources. The combined use of organic and inorganic P sources delayed tasselling, silking and maturity. Plant height, grains ear-1, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index was also higher with the addition of P from both sources as compared with the sole application of organic or inorga nic fertilizer. The combined application of organic manures 50:50 (FYM or PM) and inorganic fertilizer (DAP) performed better as compared to the rest of the ratios and produced higher yield and yield components.
A research study was established at the research farm of the University of Agriculture, Peshawar ... more A research study was established at the research farm of the University of Agriculture, Peshawar during winter 2018–2019. Commercial biochars were given to the experimental site from 2014 to summer 2018 and received 0.95, 130 and 60 tons ha −1 of biochar by various treatments viz., (Biochar 1 ) BC 1 , (Biochar 2 ) BC 2 , (Biochar 3 ) BC 3 and (Biochar 4 ) BC 4 , respectively. This piece of work was conducted within the same study to find the long-term influence of biochar on the fertility of the soil, fixation of N 2 , as well as the yie1d of chickpea under a mung–chickpea cropping system. A split plot arrangement was carried out by RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) to evaluate the study. Twenty-five kilograms of N ha −1 were given as a starter dosage to every plot. Phosphorous and potassium were applied at two levels (half (45:30 kg ha −1 ) and full (90:60 kg ha −1 ) recommended doses) to each of the four biochar treatments. The chickpea crop parameters measured were the numb...
This study is based on survey of the conservation practices adopted by the farmers in various reg... more This study is based on survey of the conservation practices adopted by the farmers in various regions of District Swabi (34°10'23" N, 72°34'80" E), (Pakistan). The surveyed area comprised of 86 zones of the District to assemble farmer’s practices for conservation of water and soil. A few reviews demonstrated that over 70% of the world rural areas face direct decline. Water is likewise turning into a rare resource by sedimentation, contaminating with various chemicals. The adoption of a particular conservation practice in any zone seems to have relation with the region’s climatic conditions and land relief. For instance, the practices in Baja (with a relatively smaller slope gradient) were different to that adopted in Utla (with higher slope gradient) where stone walled terracing was the most common practice. Additionally, use of conservation practices were also dependent upon the extent of precipitation and wind, and the regions where precipitation was high, conservation practices were for the most part stubble mulching, cover crops, grass strips, field borders and filter strips that can diminish overflow by improving infiltration. Whilst the areas with higher level of wind erosion were, generally, proliferated with wind breaks and trees plantations. From the results it is obvious that farmers adoptive conservation practices in District Swabi were more focused on decreasing the soil loss, ensuring a safe habitat for natural biodiversity, improving soil fertility and increasing bioenergy production which should help increase financial gains of the farming community living in the area.
Use of imbalance fertilizers and its application methods may cause reducing crops productivity. T... more Use of imbalance fertilizers and its application methods may cause reducing crops productivity. Therefore the proper level of fertilizers and appropriate methods is required to sustain the productivity of crops and soil fertility. Different levels of Nitrogen and its application methods were used to improve the canola productivity. A field experiment was conducted at University of Agriculture, Peshawar research farm in 2015-16. Randomized complete block design in split plot arrangement was applied with four replicates. Application methods (Broadcast method, rows one side placement, rows both side placement and rows between) were allotted to main plots and N levels (40, 70 and 90 kg ha-1) were allotted to subplots. Experimental results exhibit that all the parameter were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different; maximum days to emergence (9), maximum number of plant m-2 (32), maximum days to first flowering (97), maximum grain pod-1 (28), maximum 1000 grain weight (3.2 g), maximum grain yield (985 kg ha-1) were noted at plot that fertilized with 70 kg ha-1 N along with both side placement of rows. It can be concluded that N at 70 kg ha-1 and both side placement of rows produce a higher yield and yield attributes of canola.
The rapid climate changes are imperative to evaluate and find ways that suite to maize-specific v... more The rapid climate changes are imperative to evaluate and find ways that suite to maize-specific varieties either hybrids or varieties with appropriate sowing dates to avoid the critical growth stages from the stresses due to climate condition. Sowing at proper time and selection of good verity are the most important factor cropping system. A field experiment was conducted at the University of Agriculture Research Farm during summer 2016 to evaluate the influence of sowing dates on varying maize varieties grown under the agro-climatic condition of Peshawar. The experiment was laid out in RCBD (randomized complete block design) were replicated three times with split plot arrangement. Sowing dates (10 June, 21 June, 1 July, 11 July, 22 July) were allotted to main plot and varieties (Iqbal, Azam, Jalal, Babar, SB-989, SB-909, SB-292, CS-200, CS-220, and W-888) were placed in the subplot. The subplot size was 5 m × 3 m. Experimental result showed that maximum days to tasseling (60), days to silking (65), tasseling and silking interval (6), plant height (185 cm), biological yield (21745 kg ha-1), 1000 grain weight (413 g) grain yield (5162 kg ha-1) were observed in different sowing intervals. Among the different verities the maximum days to tasseling (57), days to silking (62), tasseling and silking interval (7). Plant height, (176 cm), biological yield (17279 kg ha-1), 1000 grain weight (410 g), grain yield (5113 kg ha-1). It is concluded from the result that early sowing and tested variety W-888 give higher grain yield and yield traits of maize.
Improper use of fertilizers and its ratio is one of the main reasons for low productivity; theref... more Improper use of fertilizers and its ratio is one of the main reasons for low productivity; therefore balance fertilization is required to maintain crop production and improved soil fertility. Therefore the experiment was carried out at Cereal Crop Research Institute (CCRI) Pirsabak, Distract Nowshera KP, Pakistan during Kharif 2016. To study the effect of different phosphorus (P) sources and their ratios on maize yield and yield components, an experiment was carried out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replication. The treatments consisted of sole application of Farmyard Manure (FYM), Poultry Manure (PM) and Diammonium Phosphate (DAP), 75% FYM+25% DAP, 50% FYM+50% DAP, 75% PM+25% DAP, 50% PM+50% DAP and a control treatment with no P fertilizer. Phosphorus was applied at the rate of 100 kg ha-1 from different sources in different ratios. The results indicated a significant effect of different phosphorus sources on days to tasselling, days to silking, days to maturity, plant height, grains ear-1, grain yield, biological yield, and harvest index, whereas the emergence m-2 was found non-significant with different P sources. The combined use of organic and inorganic P sources delayed tasselling, silking and maturity. Plant height, grains ear-1, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index was also higher with the addition of P from both sources as compared with the sole application of organic or inorga nic fertilizer. The combined application of organic manures 50:50 (FYM or PM) and inorganic fertilizer (DAP) performed better as compared to the rest of the ratios and produced higher yield and yield components.
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