Nepentheceae, the most prominent carnivorous family in the Caryophyllales order, comprises the Ne... more Nepentheceae, the most prominent carnivorous family in the Caryophyllales order, comprises the Nepenthes genus, which has modified leaf trap characteristics. Although most Nepenthes species have unique morphologies, their vegetative stages are identical, making identification based on morphology difficult. DNA barcoding is seen as a potential tool for plant identification, with small DNA segments amplified for species identification. In this study, three barcode loci; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL), intergenic spacer 1 (ITS1) and intergenic spacer 2 (ITS2) and the usefulness of the ITS1 and ITS2 secondary structure for the molecular identification of Nepenthes species were investigated. An analysis of barcodes was conducted using BLASTn, pairwise genetic distance and diversity, followed by secondary structure prediction. The findings reveal that PCR and sequencing were both 100% successful. The present study showed the successful amplification of all targeted DNA barcodes ...
Sangat menarik melakukan studi untuk mengetahui jaminan sosial kesehatan dasar dalam rangka menca... more Sangat menarik melakukan studi untuk mengetahui jaminan sosial kesehatan dasar dalam rangka mencari penyelesaian terhadap permasalahan kerugian BPJS Kesehatan dalam menjamin kebutuhan kesehatan bagi peserta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode troubling method untuk mengukur hubungan sebab akibat, mendengarkan masukan berbagai pihak dan menemukan gagasan jalan keluar sebagaimana mestinya melalui pengkajian narasi-narasi yang diungkapkan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pentingnya jaminan sosial dilakukan secara universal dan kcomprehensif namun tetap mempertahankan tingkat keberlangsungan program dan senantiasa tetap menjamin kebutuhan kesehatan dasar sesuai kebutuhan medis peserta.
Strategi manajemen sumber daya manusia dalam perspektif Islam sebagai strategi dalam menghadapi p... more Strategi manajemen sumber daya manusia dalam perspektif Islam sebagai strategi dalam menghadapi perang, dengan mengutip strategi menurut Al-Quran pada surah Al-ANFAL Ayat 9, Ayat 60 dan Ayat 66 yang menjelaskan strategi manajemen sumber daya manusia dalam menghadapi perang, yaitu pertama, bahwa pada surah Al-ANFAL Ayat 9, strategi yang diterapkan ditempuh dengan penuh kesabaran, semata-mata melaksanakan perintah Allah Swt., dengan penuh kesabaran dalam rangka mempersiapkan umat Islam menuju perang Badar. Kedua, strategi manajemen SDM pada surah Al-ANFAL Ayat 60, yang menjelaskan strategi yang diterapkan dalam menghadapi perang dengan menyusun taktik, menyusun cara menghadapi musuh dengan melakukan persiapan yang sangat lengkap atau persiapan maksimal, yang dilakukan dengan menyiapkan segala sesuatu yang dibutuhkan dalam menghadapi perang. Dalam sejarah strategi ini dilakukan umat Islam dalam setiap perang setelah perang Badar. Ketiga, strategi manajemen sumber daya manusia dal...
Tujuan penelitan ini adalah untuk mengetahui perkembangan penggunaan aplikasi Analisa data pada b... more Tujuan penelitan ini adalah untuk mengetahui perkembangan penggunaan aplikasi Analisa data pada bidang sumber daya manusia dan tantangan analisis data dalam isu-isu global yang penting pada era industri 4.0 dalam memenuhi kemustahilan mengganti kecerdasan manusia dengan mesin, dengan di dasarkan pada kemampuan mesin dan manusia mengelola data. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif troubling method analisis. Hasilnya menemukan applikasi data Analisa pada era industri 4.0 pada seluruh aspek kecerdasan manusia dapat digantikan oleh robot dengan memori data yang sangat besar.
We prove that, for many parameterized problems in the class FPT, the existence of polynomial kern... more We prove that, for many parameterized problems in the class FPT, the existence of polynomial kernels implies the collapse of the Whierarchy (i.e., W[P] = FPT). The collapsing results are also extended to assumed exponential kernels for problems in the class FPT. In particular, we establish a close relationship between polynomial (and exponential) kernelizability and the existence of sub-exponential time algorithms for a spectrum of circuit satisfiability problems in FPT. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that connects hardness for polynomial kernelizability of FPT problems to parameterized intractability. Our work also offers some new insights into the class FPT.
International Journal of Medical, Pharmacy and Drug Research, 2022
Newcastle disease (ND) is a major cause severe illness in poultry birds and other wild species of... more Newcastle disease (ND) is a major cause severe illness in poultry birds and other wild species of bird, harshly effecting the poultry industry by mortality of many birds in result becoming cause of loss of industry. ND is very common in Asia especially Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. The cause of this disease is a virus which belongs to family Paramyxoviridae named as Avian avulavirus 1.It has different strain which is categories on the basis of their virulence. In this study we describe the new castle disease and its causes, prevention and cure as well as vaccines and immunization procedures, and also describe how can we recover our birds through different methods. Because the industrious, social, financial, communal, and environmental situations that enable endemicity of poultry in Pakistan and other developing countries of world, furthermost of the difficulties and control methods are explained here. As we know there is no specific treatment we gave a method to minimize mortality due to ND we increased the quantitative life by adopting some measures.
International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology, 2018
This paper presents an artificial neural network technique which is used for classification of mu... more This paper presents an artificial neural network technique which is used for classification of multi-criteria inventory for retailers. The control of large inventory items is not possible for maximum profit with an equal attention. Generally, single criteria inventory classification is followed by inventory manager such as total cost. It has been realized that for retail organizations the single criteria inventory classification is less effective, So, instead of cost, there are some other criteria which are more important, which are profit per unit, demand of the item, shelf-life, of an item and lead time to the store. So a multi-criteria approach has been used here for inventory classification of retail outlets. For this purpose, the artificial neural network technique has been used the classification of inventory has carried out by pattern recognition and classification tool in MATLAB software. For training, the network scaled conjugate gradient backpropagation is used in this wor...
The purpose of this prospective study was to compare length of hospital stay, in hospital complic... more The purpose of this prospective study was to compare length of hospital stay, in hospital complications and operative time between laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) and open appendectomy (OA). Setting: This prospective study was carried out at King Khalid Hospital, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia over a period of 26 months from July 2002 to August 2004. Methods: Patients were randomly divided into laparoscopic and open appendectomy groups and length of stay, operative time and in hospital complications were noted. Results:60 patients underwent laparoscopic appendectomy and 65 underwent open. Operating time was longer in laparoscopic group but length of stay was shorter in laparoscopic group. Wound infection was the common complication in both group but it was higher in patients who underwent open appendectomy. Conclusion: Laparoscopic appendectomy can be performed with morbidity similar to open appendectomy and may actually have decreased wound infection rate.
The enhanced specific strength of SiC Particulate Metal Matrix Composites (PMMC) has been the maj... more The enhanced specific strength of SiC Particulate Metal Matrix Composites (PMMC) has been the major contributing factor which helps to find applications in the aerospace and automotive industries. Uniform distribution of the particulates in PMMC controls the attainment of better mechanical properties. The most accepted method for producing such a composite is stir casting in which the homogeneity of particulate reinforcement is a significant challenge. This research work proposes a new method for mixing the particulate reinforcement with the liquid and semi-solid aluminium matrix to ensure a uniform mix of the particulates using a gyro shaker. Gyro shaker is a dual rotation mixer commonly used for mixing high viscous fluids. It rotates about two mutually perpendicular axes which help in thoroughly mixing of the ingredients. Developed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation model of the mixing device in finding the mixing performance while mixing SiC particulates with glycerol. The results of the simulation were also validated by experimentation. Analogue fluid simulation of gyro casting was carried out using water and glycerol/water mixture which are having a closer value of viscosity as that of liquid aluminium and semi-solid aluminium. The mixing time obtained in the water system at gyration
The Yamnaya expansions from the western steppe into Europe and Asia during the Early Bronze Age (... more The Yamnaya expansions from the western steppe into Europe and Asia during the Early Bronze Age (~3000 BCE) are believed to have brought with them Indo-European languages and possibly horse husbandry. We analyze 74 ancient whole-genome sequences from across Inner Asia and Anatolia and show that the Botai people associated with the earliest horse husbandry derived from a hunter-gatherer population deeply diverged from the Yamnaya. Our results also suggest distinct migrations bringing West Eurasian ancestry into South Asia before and after but not at the time of Yamnaya culture. We find no evidence of steppe ancestry in Bronze Age Anatolia from when Indo-European languages are attested there. Thus, in contrast to Europe, Early Bronze Age Yamnaya-related migrations had limited direct genetic impact in Asia.
Persicaria minor (Kesum) is an important medicinal plant with high level of secondary metabolite ... more Persicaria minor (Kesum) is an important medicinal plant with high level of secondary metabolite contents, especially, terpenoids and flavonoids. Previous studies have revealed that application of exogenous phytohormone could increase secondary metabolite contents of the plant. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that play important regulatory roles in various biological processes. In order to explore the possible role of miRNA in the regulation of these phytohormones signaling pathway and uncovering their potential correlation, we, for the first time, have generated the smallRNA library of Kesum plant. The library was developed in response to methyl jasmonate (MJ) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment by using next-generation sequencing technology. Raw reads have been deposited to SRA database with the accession numbers, SRX2655642 and SRX2655643 (MJ-treated), SRXSRX2655644 and SRX2655645 (ABA-treated) and SRX2655646and SRX2655647 (Control).
Persicaria minor (kesum) is an important medicinal plant and commonly found in southeast countrie... more Persicaria minor (kesum) is an important medicinal plant and commonly found in southeast countries; Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam. This plant is enriched with a variety of secondary metabolites (SMs), and among these SMs, terpenoids are in high abundance. Terpenoids are comprised of many valuable biomolecules which have well-established role in agriculture and pharmaceutical industry. In P. minor, for the first time, we have generated small RNAs data sets, which can be used as tool in deciphering their roles in terpenoid biosynthesis pathways. Fungal pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum was used as elicitor to trigger SMs biosynthesis in P. minor. Raw reads and small RNA analysis data have already been deposited at GenBank under the accessions; SRX2645684 (Fusarium-treated), SRX2645685 (Fusarium-treated), SRX2645686 (mock-infected), and SRX2645687 (mock-infected).
Recent achievements in plant microRNA (miRNA), a large class of small and non-coding RNAs, are ve... more Recent achievements in plant microRNA (miRNA), a large class of small and non-coding RNAs, are very exciting. A wide array of techniques involving forward genetic, molecular cloning, bioinformatic analysis, and the latest technology, deep sequencing have greatly advanced miRNA discovery. A tiny miRNA sequence has the ability to target single/multiple mRNA targets. Most of the miRNA targets are transcription factors (TFs) which have paramount importance in regulating the plant growth and development. Various families of TFs, which have regulated a range of regulatory networks, may assist plants to grow under normal and stress environmental conditions. This present review focuses on the regulatory relationships between miRNAs and different families of TFs like; NF-Y, MYB, AP2, TCP, WRKY, NAC, GRF, and SPL. For instance NF-Y play important role during drought tolerance and flower development, MYB are involved in signal transduction and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, AP2 regulate the floral development and nodule formation, TCP direct leaf development and growth hormones signaling. WRKY have known roles in multiple stress tolerances, NAC regulate lateral root formation, GRF are involved in root growth, flower, and seed development, and SPL regulate plant transition from juvenile to adult. We also studied the relation between miRNAs and TFs by consolidating the research findings from different plant species which will help plant scientists in understanding the mechanism of action and interaction between these regulators in the plant growth and development under normal and stress environmental conditions.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
A 25 years old young man presented with the right scrotal and supra-pubic fecal fistulae due to t... more A 25 years old young man presented with the right scrotal and supra-pubic fecal fistulae due to the spontaneous bursting of a congenital inguinal hernia. This hernia remained obstructed and strangulated for about ten days before getting ruptured. Resection and end to end anastomosis of involved ileum was done. The literature search could reveal only five such cases in pediatric age group and this complication is considered to be much rarer among the adult population. This case report is being presented here in view of the extreme rarity of this complication in the adult age group.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
The objective of this study was to determine the mortality rate in patients presenting with Necro... more The objective of this study was to determine the mortality rate in patients presenting with Necrotizing Fasciitis. This prospective study was conducted at ward 26, JPMC Karachi over a period of two years from March 2001 to Feb 2003. All patients above the age of 12 years diagnosed to be having Necrotizing Fasciitis and admitted through the Accident and emergency department were included in this study. After resuscitation, the patients underwent the emergency exploration and aggressive surgical debridement. Post-operatively, the patients were managed in isolated section of the ward. The patients requiring grafting were referred to plastic surgery unit. The patients were followed up in outpatients department for about two years. Over all, 25 male and 5 female patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. The common clinical manifestations include redness, swelling, discharging abscess, pain, fever, skin necrosis and foul smelling discharge etc. The most co...
Stochastic context-free grammar (SCFG) has been successful in modeling biomolecular structures, t... more Stochastic context-free grammar (SCFG) has been successful in modeling biomolecular structures, typically RNA secondary structure, for statistical analysis and structure prediction. Context-free grammar rules specify parallel and nested co-occurrences of terminals, and thus are ideal for modeling nucleotide canonical base pairs that constitute the RNA secondary structure. Stochastic grammars have been sought, which may adequately model biomolecular tertiary structures that are beyond context-free. Some of the existing linguistic grammars, developed mostly for natural language processing, appear insufficient to account for crossing relationships incurred by distant interactions of bio-residues, while others are overly powerful and cause excessive computational complexity. This paper introduces a novel stochastic grammar, called stochastic k-tree grammar (SkTG), for the analysis of context-sensitive languages. With the new grammar rules, co-occurrences of distant terminals are characterized and recursively organized into k-tree graphs. The new grammar offers a viable approach to modeling context-sensitive interactions between bioresidues because such relationships are often constrained by k-trees, for small values of k, as demonstrated by earlier investigations. In this paper it is shown, for the first time, that probabilistic analysis of k-trees over strings are computable in polynomial time n O(k). Hence, SkTG permits not only modeling of biomolecular tertiary structures but also efficient analysis and prediction of such structures.
International Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2014
Novel anthracenone derivatives were designed throughin silicostudies including 3D QSAR, pharmacop... more Novel anthracenone derivatives were designed throughin silicostudies including 3D QSAR, pharmacophore mapping, and molecular docking approaches. Tubulin protein was explored for the residues imperative for activity by analyzing the binding pattern of colchicine and selected compounds of anthracenone derivatives in the active domain. The docking methodology applied in the study was first validated by comparative evaluation of the predicted and experimental inhibitory activity. Furthermore, the essential features responsible for the activity were established by carrying out pharmacophore mapping studies. 3D QSAR studies were carried out for a series of 1,5- and 1,8-disubstituted10-benzylidene-10H-anthracen-9-ones and 10-(2-oxo-2-phenylethylidene)-10H-anthracen-9-one derivatives for their antiproliferation activity. Based on the pattern recognition studies obtained from QSAR results, ten novel compounds were designed and docked in the active domain of tubulin protein. One of the novel ...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SD12, was earlier reported to have potent antifungal activity again... more Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SD12, was earlier reported to have potent antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani. In the present work, the antifungal activity of 1-OH-PHZ on 40S ribosomal S9 protein was validated by molecular docking approach. 1-OH-PHZ showed interaction with two polar contacts with residues, Arg69 and Phe19, which inhibits the synthesis of fungal protein. Our study reveals that 1-OH-PHZ can be a potent inhibitor of 40S ribosomal S9 protein of R. solani that may be a promising approach for the management of fungal diseases.
Nepentheceae, the most prominent carnivorous family in the Caryophyllales order, comprises the Ne... more Nepentheceae, the most prominent carnivorous family in the Caryophyllales order, comprises the Nepenthes genus, which has modified leaf trap characteristics. Although most Nepenthes species have unique morphologies, their vegetative stages are identical, making identification based on morphology difficult. DNA barcoding is seen as a potential tool for plant identification, with small DNA segments amplified for species identification. In this study, three barcode loci; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL), intergenic spacer 1 (ITS1) and intergenic spacer 2 (ITS2) and the usefulness of the ITS1 and ITS2 secondary structure for the molecular identification of Nepenthes species were investigated. An analysis of barcodes was conducted using BLASTn, pairwise genetic distance and diversity, followed by secondary structure prediction. The findings reveal that PCR and sequencing were both 100% successful. The present study showed the successful amplification of all targeted DNA barcodes ...
Sangat menarik melakukan studi untuk mengetahui jaminan sosial kesehatan dasar dalam rangka menca... more Sangat menarik melakukan studi untuk mengetahui jaminan sosial kesehatan dasar dalam rangka mencari penyelesaian terhadap permasalahan kerugian BPJS Kesehatan dalam menjamin kebutuhan kesehatan bagi peserta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode troubling method untuk mengukur hubungan sebab akibat, mendengarkan masukan berbagai pihak dan menemukan gagasan jalan keluar sebagaimana mestinya melalui pengkajian narasi-narasi yang diungkapkan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pentingnya jaminan sosial dilakukan secara universal dan kcomprehensif namun tetap mempertahankan tingkat keberlangsungan program dan senantiasa tetap menjamin kebutuhan kesehatan dasar sesuai kebutuhan medis peserta.
Strategi manajemen sumber daya manusia dalam perspektif Islam sebagai strategi dalam menghadapi p... more Strategi manajemen sumber daya manusia dalam perspektif Islam sebagai strategi dalam menghadapi perang, dengan mengutip strategi menurut Al-Quran pada surah Al-ANFAL Ayat 9, Ayat 60 dan Ayat 66 yang menjelaskan strategi manajemen sumber daya manusia dalam menghadapi perang, yaitu pertama, bahwa pada surah Al-ANFAL Ayat 9, strategi yang diterapkan ditempuh dengan penuh kesabaran, semata-mata melaksanakan perintah Allah Swt., dengan penuh kesabaran dalam rangka mempersiapkan umat Islam menuju perang Badar. Kedua, strategi manajemen SDM pada surah Al-ANFAL Ayat 60, yang menjelaskan strategi yang diterapkan dalam menghadapi perang dengan menyusun taktik, menyusun cara menghadapi musuh dengan melakukan persiapan yang sangat lengkap atau persiapan maksimal, yang dilakukan dengan menyiapkan segala sesuatu yang dibutuhkan dalam menghadapi perang. Dalam sejarah strategi ini dilakukan umat Islam dalam setiap perang setelah perang Badar. Ketiga, strategi manajemen sumber daya manusia dal...
Tujuan penelitan ini adalah untuk mengetahui perkembangan penggunaan aplikasi Analisa data pada b... more Tujuan penelitan ini adalah untuk mengetahui perkembangan penggunaan aplikasi Analisa data pada bidang sumber daya manusia dan tantangan analisis data dalam isu-isu global yang penting pada era industri 4.0 dalam memenuhi kemustahilan mengganti kecerdasan manusia dengan mesin, dengan di dasarkan pada kemampuan mesin dan manusia mengelola data. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif troubling method analisis. Hasilnya menemukan applikasi data Analisa pada era industri 4.0 pada seluruh aspek kecerdasan manusia dapat digantikan oleh robot dengan memori data yang sangat besar.
We prove that, for many parameterized problems in the class FPT, the existence of polynomial kern... more We prove that, for many parameterized problems in the class FPT, the existence of polynomial kernels implies the collapse of the Whierarchy (i.e., W[P] = FPT). The collapsing results are also extended to assumed exponential kernels for problems in the class FPT. In particular, we establish a close relationship between polynomial (and exponential) kernelizability and the existence of sub-exponential time algorithms for a spectrum of circuit satisfiability problems in FPT. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that connects hardness for polynomial kernelizability of FPT problems to parameterized intractability. Our work also offers some new insights into the class FPT.
International Journal of Medical, Pharmacy and Drug Research, 2022
Newcastle disease (ND) is a major cause severe illness in poultry birds and other wild species of... more Newcastle disease (ND) is a major cause severe illness in poultry birds and other wild species of bird, harshly effecting the poultry industry by mortality of many birds in result becoming cause of loss of industry. ND is very common in Asia especially Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. The cause of this disease is a virus which belongs to family Paramyxoviridae named as Avian avulavirus 1.It has different strain which is categories on the basis of their virulence. In this study we describe the new castle disease and its causes, prevention and cure as well as vaccines and immunization procedures, and also describe how can we recover our birds through different methods. Because the industrious, social, financial, communal, and environmental situations that enable endemicity of poultry in Pakistan and other developing countries of world, furthermost of the difficulties and control methods are explained here. As we know there is no specific treatment we gave a method to minimize mortality due to ND we increased the quantitative life by adopting some measures.
International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology, 2018
This paper presents an artificial neural network technique which is used for classification of mu... more This paper presents an artificial neural network technique which is used for classification of multi-criteria inventory for retailers. The control of large inventory items is not possible for maximum profit with an equal attention. Generally, single criteria inventory classification is followed by inventory manager such as total cost. It has been realized that for retail organizations the single criteria inventory classification is less effective, So, instead of cost, there are some other criteria which are more important, which are profit per unit, demand of the item, shelf-life, of an item and lead time to the store. So a multi-criteria approach has been used here for inventory classification of retail outlets. For this purpose, the artificial neural network technique has been used the classification of inventory has carried out by pattern recognition and classification tool in MATLAB software. For training, the network scaled conjugate gradient backpropagation is used in this wor...
The purpose of this prospective study was to compare length of hospital stay, in hospital complic... more The purpose of this prospective study was to compare length of hospital stay, in hospital complications and operative time between laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) and open appendectomy (OA). Setting: This prospective study was carried out at King Khalid Hospital, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia over a period of 26 months from July 2002 to August 2004. Methods: Patients were randomly divided into laparoscopic and open appendectomy groups and length of stay, operative time and in hospital complications were noted. Results:60 patients underwent laparoscopic appendectomy and 65 underwent open. Operating time was longer in laparoscopic group but length of stay was shorter in laparoscopic group. Wound infection was the common complication in both group but it was higher in patients who underwent open appendectomy. Conclusion: Laparoscopic appendectomy can be performed with morbidity similar to open appendectomy and may actually have decreased wound infection rate.
The enhanced specific strength of SiC Particulate Metal Matrix Composites (PMMC) has been the maj... more The enhanced specific strength of SiC Particulate Metal Matrix Composites (PMMC) has been the major contributing factor which helps to find applications in the aerospace and automotive industries. Uniform distribution of the particulates in PMMC controls the attainment of better mechanical properties. The most accepted method for producing such a composite is stir casting in which the homogeneity of particulate reinforcement is a significant challenge. This research work proposes a new method for mixing the particulate reinforcement with the liquid and semi-solid aluminium matrix to ensure a uniform mix of the particulates using a gyro shaker. Gyro shaker is a dual rotation mixer commonly used for mixing high viscous fluids. It rotates about two mutually perpendicular axes which help in thoroughly mixing of the ingredients. Developed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation model of the mixing device in finding the mixing performance while mixing SiC particulates with glycerol. The results of the simulation were also validated by experimentation. Analogue fluid simulation of gyro casting was carried out using water and glycerol/water mixture which are having a closer value of viscosity as that of liquid aluminium and semi-solid aluminium. The mixing time obtained in the water system at gyration
The Yamnaya expansions from the western steppe into Europe and Asia during the Early Bronze Age (... more The Yamnaya expansions from the western steppe into Europe and Asia during the Early Bronze Age (~3000 BCE) are believed to have brought with them Indo-European languages and possibly horse husbandry. We analyze 74 ancient whole-genome sequences from across Inner Asia and Anatolia and show that the Botai people associated with the earliest horse husbandry derived from a hunter-gatherer population deeply diverged from the Yamnaya. Our results also suggest distinct migrations bringing West Eurasian ancestry into South Asia before and after but not at the time of Yamnaya culture. We find no evidence of steppe ancestry in Bronze Age Anatolia from when Indo-European languages are attested there. Thus, in contrast to Europe, Early Bronze Age Yamnaya-related migrations had limited direct genetic impact in Asia.
Persicaria minor (Kesum) is an important medicinal plant with high level of secondary metabolite ... more Persicaria minor (Kesum) is an important medicinal plant with high level of secondary metabolite contents, especially, terpenoids and flavonoids. Previous studies have revealed that application of exogenous phytohormone could increase secondary metabolite contents of the plant. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that play important regulatory roles in various biological processes. In order to explore the possible role of miRNA in the regulation of these phytohormones signaling pathway and uncovering their potential correlation, we, for the first time, have generated the smallRNA library of Kesum plant. The library was developed in response to methyl jasmonate (MJ) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment by using next-generation sequencing technology. Raw reads have been deposited to SRA database with the accession numbers, SRX2655642 and SRX2655643 (MJ-treated), SRXSRX2655644 and SRX2655645 (ABA-treated) and SRX2655646and SRX2655647 (Control).
Persicaria minor (kesum) is an important medicinal plant and commonly found in southeast countrie... more Persicaria minor (kesum) is an important medicinal plant and commonly found in southeast countries; Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam. This plant is enriched with a variety of secondary metabolites (SMs), and among these SMs, terpenoids are in high abundance. Terpenoids are comprised of many valuable biomolecules which have well-established role in agriculture and pharmaceutical industry. In P. minor, for the first time, we have generated small RNAs data sets, which can be used as tool in deciphering their roles in terpenoid biosynthesis pathways. Fungal pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum was used as elicitor to trigger SMs biosynthesis in P. minor. Raw reads and small RNA analysis data have already been deposited at GenBank under the accessions; SRX2645684 (Fusarium-treated), SRX2645685 (Fusarium-treated), SRX2645686 (mock-infected), and SRX2645687 (mock-infected).
Recent achievements in plant microRNA (miRNA), a large class of small and non-coding RNAs, are ve... more Recent achievements in plant microRNA (miRNA), a large class of small and non-coding RNAs, are very exciting. A wide array of techniques involving forward genetic, molecular cloning, bioinformatic analysis, and the latest technology, deep sequencing have greatly advanced miRNA discovery. A tiny miRNA sequence has the ability to target single/multiple mRNA targets. Most of the miRNA targets are transcription factors (TFs) which have paramount importance in regulating the plant growth and development. Various families of TFs, which have regulated a range of regulatory networks, may assist plants to grow under normal and stress environmental conditions. This present review focuses on the regulatory relationships between miRNAs and different families of TFs like; NF-Y, MYB, AP2, TCP, WRKY, NAC, GRF, and SPL. For instance NF-Y play important role during drought tolerance and flower development, MYB are involved in signal transduction and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, AP2 regulate the floral development and nodule formation, TCP direct leaf development and growth hormones signaling. WRKY have known roles in multiple stress tolerances, NAC regulate lateral root formation, GRF are involved in root growth, flower, and seed development, and SPL regulate plant transition from juvenile to adult. We also studied the relation between miRNAs and TFs by consolidating the research findings from different plant species which will help plant scientists in understanding the mechanism of action and interaction between these regulators in the plant growth and development under normal and stress environmental conditions.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
A 25 years old young man presented with the right scrotal and supra-pubic fecal fistulae due to t... more A 25 years old young man presented with the right scrotal and supra-pubic fecal fistulae due to the spontaneous bursting of a congenital inguinal hernia. This hernia remained obstructed and strangulated for about ten days before getting ruptured. Resection and end to end anastomosis of involved ileum was done. The literature search could reveal only five such cases in pediatric age group and this complication is considered to be much rarer among the adult population. This case report is being presented here in view of the extreme rarity of this complication in the adult age group.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
The objective of this study was to determine the mortality rate in patients presenting with Necro... more The objective of this study was to determine the mortality rate in patients presenting with Necrotizing Fasciitis. This prospective study was conducted at ward 26, JPMC Karachi over a period of two years from March 2001 to Feb 2003. All patients above the age of 12 years diagnosed to be having Necrotizing Fasciitis and admitted through the Accident and emergency department were included in this study. After resuscitation, the patients underwent the emergency exploration and aggressive surgical debridement. Post-operatively, the patients were managed in isolated section of the ward. The patients requiring grafting were referred to plastic surgery unit. The patients were followed up in outpatients department for about two years. Over all, 25 male and 5 female patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. The common clinical manifestations include redness, swelling, discharging abscess, pain, fever, skin necrosis and foul smelling discharge etc. The most co...
Stochastic context-free grammar (SCFG) has been successful in modeling biomolecular structures, t... more Stochastic context-free grammar (SCFG) has been successful in modeling biomolecular structures, typically RNA secondary structure, for statistical analysis and structure prediction. Context-free grammar rules specify parallel and nested co-occurrences of terminals, and thus are ideal for modeling nucleotide canonical base pairs that constitute the RNA secondary structure. Stochastic grammars have been sought, which may adequately model biomolecular tertiary structures that are beyond context-free. Some of the existing linguistic grammars, developed mostly for natural language processing, appear insufficient to account for crossing relationships incurred by distant interactions of bio-residues, while others are overly powerful and cause excessive computational complexity. This paper introduces a novel stochastic grammar, called stochastic k-tree grammar (SkTG), for the analysis of context-sensitive languages. With the new grammar rules, co-occurrences of distant terminals are characterized and recursively organized into k-tree graphs. The new grammar offers a viable approach to modeling context-sensitive interactions between bioresidues because such relationships are often constrained by k-trees, for small values of k, as demonstrated by earlier investigations. In this paper it is shown, for the first time, that probabilistic analysis of k-trees over strings are computable in polynomial time n O(k). Hence, SkTG permits not only modeling of biomolecular tertiary structures but also efficient analysis and prediction of such structures.
International Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2014
Novel anthracenone derivatives were designed throughin silicostudies including 3D QSAR, pharmacop... more Novel anthracenone derivatives were designed throughin silicostudies including 3D QSAR, pharmacophore mapping, and molecular docking approaches. Tubulin protein was explored for the residues imperative for activity by analyzing the binding pattern of colchicine and selected compounds of anthracenone derivatives in the active domain. The docking methodology applied in the study was first validated by comparative evaluation of the predicted and experimental inhibitory activity. Furthermore, the essential features responsible for the activity were established by carrying out pharmacophore mapping studies. 3D QSAR studies were carried out for a series of 1,5- and 1,8-disubstituted10-benzylidene-10H-anthracen-9-ones and 10-(2-oxo-2-phenylethylidene)-10H-anthracen-9-one derivatives for their antiproliferation activity. Based on the pattern recognition studies obtained from QSAR results, ten novel compounds were designed and docked in the active domain of tubulin protein. One of the novel ...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SD12, was earlier reported to have potent antifungal activity again... more Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SD12, was earlier reported to have potent antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani. In the present work, the antifungal activity of 1-OH-PHZ on 40S ribosomal S9 protein was validated by molecular docking approach. 1-OH-PHZ showed interaction with two polar contacts with residues, Arg69 and Phe19, which inhibits the synthesis of fungal protein. Our study reveals that 1-OH-PHZ can be a potent inhibitor of 40S ribosomal S9 protein of R. solani that may be a promising approach for the management of fungal diseases.
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Papers by Abdul Samad