Papers by Abdul Qayoom Jakhrani
The electrical characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) modules are affected by solar radiation and m... more The electrical characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) modules are affected by solar radiation and module temperature in outdoor environment. It was found that polycrystalline gained a yearly 0.50°C more average module temperature than monocrystalline. Non-crystalline amorphous modules got a yearly 0.83°C more average temperature than thin film modules. The attainment and release of module temperature was related with material properties of PV module technologies. The amorphous module gave 5.7%, 2.7% and 15.0% more yearly average open-circuit voltage than polycrystalline, monocrystalline and thin film modules. Besides that, the thin film modules gave 6.5% and 1.7%, 9.3% and 4.0%, and 11.3% and 8.8% more yearly average normalized short-circuit current and power output than polycrystalline, monocrystalline and thin film modules respectively. It was shown that the maximum annual average open-circuit voltage was given by amorphous modules and maximum short-circuit current and power output ...
Abstract: Tidal energy is one of the most predictable and reliable source of renewable energy. Th... more Abstract: Tidal energy is one of the most predictable and reliable source of renewable energy. The kinetic energy from tidal streams can be used for generation of electrical power. The purpose of this study was to draw the mapping of extractable tidal stream energy resources in Sarawak coastline. The tidal stream speed and corresponding power densities were computed through empirical equations. The mapping of potential locations was made by weighting of different elements required for the selection of suitable sites. It was found from the study that only a single site of Pulau Triso at Batang Lupar fulfilled the criteria of the required tidal stream speed and the clearance of shallow-draft oceangoing vessels. Off Kuala Igan met only the clearance requirements of all types of oceangoing vessels and the tidal stream speed were found to be lower than set limits. Other examined sites could not accomplish any criterion set for the site selection. It was concluded that the only practicabl...
This paper evaluates the different empirical models used for the estimation of solar energy irrad... more This paper evaluates the different empirical models used for the estimation of solar energy irradiation on tilted surfaces. For this purpose, three isotropic and the same number of anisotropic sky models were employed by using monthly mean solar radiation and weather data of Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. The tilt angle was fixed at 11oS towards the equator for optimization of incoming solar radiation from the sun during the worst months of the year from October to March due to overcast skies. It was discovered that the Reindl et al. model estimated the highest amount of incident solar energy in the whole year and Badescu model established the lowest among all isotropic as well as anisotropic models, whereas, Liu and Jordan model performs well at the time of bad weather conditions. It is concluded that the selection of Liu and Jordan model could be useful for the prediction of solar energy irradiation on tilted surfaces in the study area, where the weather is mostly cloudy.
3 Abstract: The use of solar drying in recent years becomes popular for increasing the quality of... more 3 Abstract: The use of solar drying in recent years becomes popular for increasing the quality of agricultural crops especially in developing countries. A wide range of solar dryers is available with various characteristics for drying of crops and food products. A prototype indirect solar dryer with a biomass backup burner was designed and developed for the use of small scale rural farmers to dry their harvested pepper berries. The traditional direct sun drying was only dependent on the availability of solar radiation. It was taking 5-7 days for whole drying process. The results of proposed solar dryer were found to be encouraging. The developed solar dryer took shorter drying time with 11 hours of day time solar radiation and 6 hours of night time with biomass burning. The chemical properties of the dried pepper berries were also found to be within the standards set by American Seed Trade Association.
The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of tilted surface solar radiation models... more The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of tilted surface solar radiation models for selection of estimated amount of solar radiation. The model results were evaluated on the basis of one-sample statistical test. The statistical test includes four measures namely the mean, standard deviation, standard error mean and the range of 95% confidence interval of the difference. The analysis revealed that yearly average solar radiation data recorded by local meteorological stations were 7% less than satellite-derived data acquired from National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The estimated results of tilted surface radiation models showed that Reindl et al., model executed maximum variation and Klucher model displayed minimum error as per one-sample statistical test among the examined models. It was concluded from the study that Klucher model could be preferred for the estimation of tilted surface radiations.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the tidal stream energy resources in the Sarawak coastl... more The purpose of this study was to estimate the tidal stream energy resources in the Sarawak coastline and to assess the potential impacts of tidal structures on coastal environments. For that, a total of eight locations in the Sarawak coastline were selected for calculation of tidal stream energy resources. The sites were screened based on average peak tidal stream of more than 1.5 m/s. Tidal stream tables of selected sites were acquired from Sarawak Marine Department. On-site measurements of tidal stream speed were carried out at Pulau Triso (River mouth of Batang Lupar) with a current meter due to absence of tidal stream tables. The current meter was dipped 5 meter below the water surface and is scheduled to log a reading of the tidal stream speed for every 5 minutes. Power density was calculated based on depth-averaged speed instead of tidal stream speed at the water surface to prevent the overestimation of results. The mean monthly power density was determined by excluding the od...
The electrical characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) modules are affected by solar radiation and m... more The electrical characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) modules are affected by solar radiation and module temperature in outdoor environment. It was found that polycrystalline gained a yearly 0.50°C more average module temperature than monocrystalline. Non-crystalline amorphous modules got a yearly 0.83°C more average temperature than thin film modules. The attainment and release of module temperature was related with material properties of PV module technologies. The amorphous module gave 5.7%, 2.7% and 15.0% more yearly average open-circuit voltage than polycrystalline, monocrystalline and thin film modules. Besides that, the thin film modules gave 6.5% and 1.7%, 9.3% and 4.0%, and 11.3% and 8.8% more yearly average normalized short-circuit current and power output than polycrystalline, monocrystalline and thin film modules respectively. It was shown that the maximum annual average open-circuit voltage was given by amorphous modules and maximum short-circuit current and power output ...
The purpose of this study was to examine the level of particulates and carbon concentrations in t... more The purpose of this study was to examine the level of particulates and carbon concentrations in the form of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in Karachi and Hyderabad cities of Sindh province and to propose possible options for reducing the level of air pollutants. For that, a total of six critical locations each in Karachi and Hyderabad cities were selected for recording and analysis of air pollutants. The air quality parameters were recorded for thirty times in each location using standard instruments. The level of single parameter recording took about ninety minutes as the readings were noted after stability of the values in the instrument. The measured results were also compared with National Ambient Air Quality Standards. It was found from the results that the average level of PM at all locations in Karachi city was almost double than Hyderabad city. 2.5 The concentration level of CO and CO was found to be more in Karachi than Hyderabad. The level of PM 2 2.5 in Karachi and PM...
Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research
This study was conducted to appraise climatic conditions for potential applications of solar ener... more This study was conducted to appraise climatic conditions for potential applications of solar energy units in Nawabshah and Quetta cities. For that, twenty two annual monthly average data of insolation on horizontal surface, at various slopes on titled surface, air temperature, earth skin temperature was acquired and evaluated through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. It is discovered from the study that Quetta is a more promising place for installation of solar energy applications as compared to Nawabshah as it receives more solar radiations and less air temperature.
Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research
The purpose of this study is to fabricate and analyze an active cooling system for reducing photo... more The purpose of this study is to fabricate and analyze an active cooling system for reducing photovoltaic (PV) module temperature and increasing its efficiency. An active cooling system was devised to cool the PV module. Two modules of same specifications were used for this study. One module was cooled, and other was left un-cooled for performance comparison. Solar radiations, wind speed, ambient temperature and temperatures at different points of the fabricated system were measured. The modules were mounted on a frame facing true south at the inclination of the latitude of the location. The measurements were taken during daytime with one hour intervals for two weeks. The temperatures at various points on cooled and un-cooled photovoltaic modules were noted using two different flow rates with 1 lit/min and 2 lit/min. It was discovered that the efficiency of PV module was enhanced from 6% to 7% during study period. The flow rate of 1lit/min was found more feasible for heat extraction ...
The aim of this work was to estimate the obtainable amount of global solar radiation for the deve... more The aim of this work was to estimate the obtainable amount of global solar radiation for the development of solar photovoltaic power systems at four locations namely Sri Aman, Sibu, Bintulu and Limbang in Sarawak, Malaysia.
This paper aims to investigate the power output of a solar photovoltaic module by various models ... more This paper aims to investigate the power output of a solar photovoltaic module by various models and to formulate a suitable model for predicting the performance of solar photovoltaic modules. The model was used to correct the configurations of solar photovoltaic systems for sustainable power supply. Different types of models namely the efficiency, power, fill factor and current-voltage characteristic curve models have been reviewed. It was found that the examined models predicted a 40% yield of the rated power in cloudy weather conditions and up to 80% in clear skies. The models performed well in terms of electrical efficiency in cloudy days if the influence of low irradiance were incorporated. Both analytical and numerical methods were employed in the formulation of improved model which gave ±2% error when compared with the rated power output of solar photovoltaic module. The proposed model is more practical in terms of number of variables used and acceptable performance in humid atmospheres. Therefore, it could be useful for the estimation of power output of the solar photovoltaic systems in Sarawak region.
This paper presents the comparative study of the different models that used to predict the solar ... more This paper presents the comparative study of the different models that used to predict the solar photovoltaic module temperature, which is one of the most important factors responsible for lowering the performance of photovoltaic modules. The approach of the different models was examined in order to evaluate the estimated behavior of module temperature increase with respect to ambient temperature and solar radiation. A total of 16 models have been reviewed by employing monthly mean daily meteorological data of Kuching, Sarawak. The most models showed similar trend of increase or decrease of solar photovoltaic module temperature due variation of solar radiation intensity. However, the results of reviewed models were quite different under constant solar radiation and ambient temperature conditions. It was found that the variation in the results was due to the use of different variables, climatic conditions, configuration of photovoltaic modules and the approach used by various researchers in their models.
This paper investigates the accessibility and potential of solar and wind energy resources at fiv... more This paper investigates the accessibility and potential of solar and wind energy resources at five typical locations in Sarawak. The availability and status of solar and wind power potential is ascertained by various environmental factors, such as solar radiation, wind speed, air temperature and pressure, humidity, amount of rainfall and cloud cover. The acquired data of selected locations namely Kuching, Sri Aman, Sibu, Bintulu, and Limbang, was systematically evaluated. The quantity and magnitude of available solar and wind energy resources has been estimated by the determination of required parameters from different climatic variables. It is intended that these results could be used as input data for the simulation of a standalone photovoltaic-wind power system for the estimation of annual energy production based upon the local meteorological conditions and the characteristics of the hybrid system. Keywords: Environmental parameters; Energy resources ; Solar and wind power
Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research
Quantity, characteristics, and energy content in sugarcane trash of six different indigenous suga... more Quantity, characteristics, and energy content in sugarcane trash of six different indigenous sugarcane varieties were computed for their possible utilization. Results revealed that the total sugarcane trash weight percentage was 24.0% of the total sugarcane crop. Among all examined varieties, variety 240 produced the highest and the variety HS12 the lowest percentage of sugarcane trash with 28% and 18.6% respectively. Moisture and ash content were found less in brown leaves and more in the tops of sugarcane trash parts. The fixed carbon values in brown leaves, green leaves, and tops of the variety Thatta10 were the highest found, with 18.4%, 15.5%, and 17.3% respectively. Carbon element’s percentage in brown leaves of variety HS12 was the highest with 50.0% and in Thatta10 was the lowest with 43.4%. Highest heating value was found in Thatta10 with 16.0MJ/kg, which is close to the literature reported values.
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of module temperature on the efficiency o... more The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of module temperature on the efficiency of polycrystalline (p-Si), monocrystalline (m-Si), amorphous (a-Si) and thin film photovoltaic modules at outdoor environment of Nawabshah city Pakistan. The experimental setup was made and installed over the top roof of departmental building. Weather conditions, such as global solar radiation, ambient temperature, wind speed and relative humidity, power output and temperature of all selected four types of module technologies were measured at the site by logging data. Then, the logged data was normalized because of different rated power of photovoltaic modules for comparison purpose. Results revealed that less temperature impact was noted from thin film module and thus it gave more normalized power with 45.6% among other examined modules. On the basis of overall efficiency, p-Si, m-Si, a-Si and thin film modules gave 92.4%, 93.7%, 94.4% and 95.4% yearly average normalized efficiencies res...
International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES
The purpose of this study was to develop a treatment unit for arsenic contaminated groundwater sa... more The purpose of this study was to develop a treatment unit for arsenic contaminated groundwater samples. The samples were collected from different locations of Taluka Sakrand by means of installed hand pumps and tube wells. The treatment unit was developed locally with three layers, each with iron nails, activated carbon and milled rice husk from the top to bottom. The arsenic contaminated groundwater samples were put from the top layer and treated samples were collected from the bottom of the unit through tap valve. The arsenic contamination level of the samples was checked before and after treatment with the help of arsenic measuring kit. The contact time of the samples through the beds of developed unit was around 30 minutes. The highest concentration of arsenic in groundwater samples was found 60 ppb taken from village Miru Kalhoro. No arsenic amount was found in all treated samples after passing through the layers of installed unit. It is concluded that the developed unit is a suitable and effective for the treatment of arsenic contaminated groundwater samples up to 60 ppb concentrations.
International Journal of Photoenergy
It is prerequisite to predict the behaviour of photovoltaic (PV) modules in a particular geograph... more It is prerequisite to predict the behaviour of photovoltaic (PV) modules in a particular geographical area where the system is to be installed for their better performance and increasing lifetime. For that, models are the easiest and acceptable tools to characterise the behaviour of PV modules in any location. The purpose of this study was to develop an empirical model to predict the influence of temperature on the performance of four different PV module technologies, namely, polycrystalline, monocrystalline, amorphous, and thin film in an outdoor environment. The model has been developed by fitting of one year experimental data using the least squares method. The estimated results of the developed model were validated with real-time data (winter and summer season) and a comparison of other existing model estimates using error analysis with 95% confidence interval. The proposed model estimations confirm that the monocrystalline module performs better in winter and polycrystalline in...
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
A line focusing concentrated solar distillation unit was developed and its techno-economic analys... more A line focusing concentrated solar distillation unit was developed and its techno-economic analysis was carried out using batch flow, continuous flow without and with tracking mechanisms. Physical quality parameters of feed and distilled water samples, water temperature at different points, performance analysis and estimated production of developed unit were examined. The examined quality parameters of distilled water were well below permissible limits. The water temperature inside the concentrated tube was in the range of 107.0˚C to 109.0˚C. The quantity of distilled water was observed to be inversely proportional to the amount of total dissolved solids in the water samples. The measured average daily and estimated lifetime yield from the developed unit during batch flow was 4.0 and 13,621.0 liters, for continuous flow without tracking 5.1 and 19,689.0 liters, and with tracking mechanism 5.7 and 21,758.0 liters, respectively. The continuous flow with tracking mechanism was found as...
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Papers by Abdul Qayoom Jakhrani