A study was conducted in tomato using an 8 × 8 diallel set excluding reciprocals to quantify the ... more A study was conducted in tomato using an 8 × 8 diallel set excluding reciprocals to quantify the magnitude of heterosis for yield and its five yield components: number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits set per cluster, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight and fruit yield per plant. Seven accessions and one locally approved variety were crossed in half diallel fashion and the resulting F1 progeny along with their parents were evaluated in a 6 × 6 Tripple Lattice Design at Agricultural Research Institute, Mingora (NWFP), Pakistan during 2007 - 2008 crop season. Highly significant differences were observed among the genotypes for all the studied traits. Highly significant heterosis of positive nature was found for flowers per cluster (53.1 and 37.2%), fruits per cluster (38.9%), fruit length (32.7 and 15.5%), fruit weight (48.7 and 45.0%) and yield per plant (34.9%) over the mid and better parents, respectively. Positive significant heterosis was observed for flowers per clus...
Consistent isolation of best quality deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.... more Consistent isolation of best quality deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is particularly problematic due to the presence of phenolic compounds and polysaccharides. Inconsistencies in extraction results can be attributed to the age and growth stages of the plant material analyzed. Mature leaves have higher quantities of polyphenols, tannins and polysaccharides that can contaminate DNA during isolation. In this study, we used fresh and dried leaves as well as seeds for optimization of high quality DNA isolation protocols from A. hypogaea. The DNA extracted with three different methods cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and cesium chloride (CsCl) density gradient) were comparatively studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis in terms of quantity and quality. High quality genomic DNA was obtained from fresh leaves by modified CTAB methods. The DNA obtained ranged from 1 to 2.5 ng/μl. DNA obtained by this method was strong and reliable showing its compatibility for simple sequence repeat (SSR) analyses. The SDS based methodology give large quantities of DNA contaminated with polysaccharides. Fresh leaves also gave best result in SDS method. The quantity and quality of DNA obtained was very poor in all the tested methods in case of dried leaf tissues. The current protocol will probably be useful for the extraction of high-molecular weight DNA from other plant materials containing large amounts of secondary metabolites and essential oils.
Genetic diversity among 114 rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) accessions was investigated for see... more Genetic diversity among 114 rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) accessions was investigated for seed protein profiling using Sodium Dodecyl Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). In total, 16 protein bands were observed with molecular weight ranging from 20 kDa to more than 66 kDa. Among total protein bands, 12 (75%) were polymorphic which resolved taxonomic variation. The data was analyzed statistically using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA). A dendrogram was formed and on the basis of banding pattern, the data was clustered into 4 regions. All the regions exhibited polymorphism for one or the other protein band.
The current study was aimed to explore the genetic diversity among seventy Pakistani accessions o... more The current study was aimed to explore the genetic diversity among seventy Pakistani accessions of Arachis hypogaea. In Pakistan their morphological and biochemical variations have already documented but still so far, molecular variations need to be studied for this valuable crop. For molecular diversity study DNA was extracted from all seventy accessions of Arachis hypogaea. The extracted DNA was primed with thirty SSR primers and amplified through PCR. Fifteen out of thirty primers generated polymorphic bands among the selected accessions. In total, forty different polymorphic loci were determined across the selected accessions. The range of number of polymorphic loci detected was ranged from 2 to 4 for each primer, with an average of 2.6 loci per primer. Polymorph ic Index Content (PIC) value was calculated for each marker. The dendrogram was constructed on the basis of allelic data from fifteen SSR markers across the selected accessions. All the accessions were divided into six ...
Context: Direct selection based on crop yields is often a paradox in breeding programmes because ... more Context: Direct selection based on crop yields is often a paradox in breeding programmes because yield is a complex polygenically inherited character, influenced by its component traits. Objectives: The present research work was taken up to assess genetic variability, phenotypic and genotypic associations between various components of grain yield to provide basis for selection and yield improvement in rice. Materials and Methods: Correlation coefficient and path association are used to find out the degree (strength) and direction of relationship between two or more variable and for fixing up the characters which are having decisive role in influencing the yield. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out to establish the extent of association between yield and yield components and others characters in rice. Analysis of variance revealed that significant amount of genetic variability was present in the entire characters studied. Results: High heritability coupled with high t...
Thirteen advance lines and three check varieties viz. , Chakwal-86, Pak-81 and Rawal-87 of wheat ... more Thirteen advance lines and three check varieties viz. , Chakwal-86, Pak-81 and Rawal-87 of wheat were planted at nine locations to estimate genotype x environment interaction. Both the linear and non-linear (pooled deviation) components were highly significant, indicating the presence of both predictable and unpredictable components of "G X E" interaction. The stability parameters for the individual genotype revealed that the genotypes, 89R-35 and 90R-36 showed the regression closer to unity along with low deviation from regression and thus may be stated as stable genotypes.
Six cultivars of blackgram Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper selected from genetically diverse groups based... more Six cultivars of blackgram Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper selected from genetically diverse groups based on three years evaluation under field conditions were crossed and generations were advanced accordingly. The final experiment consisting 4 generations of 11 hybrids along with their respective parents were evaluated in four replications at N.A.R.C., Islamabad, Pakistan. The source of variation was attributed to both the factors, i.e., hybrids and generations representing high proportions of the total sum of squares. Two factors gave eigen values greater than unity and these contributed 77% of the total variability. A clear response for grouping of F 1 and F 2 was observed, whereas other two generations were intermixed, although a low level of separation was observed. On the basis of performance and hybrid vigour, three hybrids; Mash 3/Mash 1, BG 9012/BG 9025 and BG 9020/Mash 1 exhibited better potential. The hybrids with high mean performance and hybrid vigour are expected to give better chance for selection to develop superior cultivars of blackgram.
Selection for complex genetic traits, such as frost tolerance, can be simplified in plant breedin... more Selection for complex genetic traits, such as frost tolerance, can be simplified in plant breeding programs when linked markers were detected. The use of microsatellite markers for tagging and mapping important genes or QTLs is a goal in wheat genetic projects. In this study, 200 microsatellite markers were studied and after parental assay, 41 polymorphic SSR markers were used for genotyping of 280 F2 individual plants derived from F1 generation of wheat cross (Norstar× Zagros). The progeny of individual F2 plants were used as F2:3 families for the assessment of LT50 and heading time. Single marker analysis revealed that seven markers with total of 27% of phenotypic variance determination linked to LT50 and five markers linked to the heading time. Two markers that were located on 2B and 5A chromosomes affected both LT50 and heading time significantly. It was assumed, therefore, that some closely linked QTLs or QTLs with pleiotropic effects govern both traits simultaneously, as the LT50 of F2:3 families were significantly correlated with the heading time of F2:3 families, Thus, it is concluded that later heading time is associated with the higher level of frost tolerance in wheat.
Two hundred and sixty three genotypes of Pisum sativum were analyzed for numerical taxonomy to in... more Two hundred and sixty three genotypes of Pisum sativum were analyzed for numerical taxonomy to investigate inter and intra-cluster distances and superior accessions were identified with broad genetic base. High variance for grain yield per plant, biomass per plant and pods per plant indicated the scope of improvement through simple selection for high mean values for these traits. Based on average mean variance, five clusters with varying degrees on inter cluster distances were observed. Thirty-seven accessions of cluster-IV were early in maturity and high yielding, whereas 66 members of cluster-V were late in maturity and low yielding. Among selected genotypes, some exhibited better performance for more than two characters, hence these are suggested to evaluate under wide range of climatic conditions.
Thirty-seven pure-lines selected at random from a broad based germplasm were studied for quantita... more Thirty-seven pure-lines selected at random from a broad based germplasm were studied for quantitative traits to investigate the impact of selection on diversity in relationship to agronomic performance. Multivariate approach proved its validity to classify blackgram genotypes on the basis of agronomic performance and geographic origin. Five yield contributing traits (branches per plant, pods per plant, biomass per plant, grain yield per plant, harvest index) were important for first PC three years, hence populations in this component were categorized as high yielding with maximum number of reproductive organs. Cluster analysis grouped high yielding genotypes that indicated the importance of selection from a large set of germplasm. The breeding program is suggested to broaden involving diverse parents from various clusters.
Thirty six tomato genotypes, including cultivar, were evaluated at National Agricultural Research... more Thirty six tomato genotypes, including cultivar, were evaluated at National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, during summer, 2002 and 2003 to estimate the nature and magnitude of genetic variability based on days to first harvest, number of pickings, plant height, number of fruit plant-1 , fruit weight plant-1 , fruit size, single fruit weight, number of locules, pericarp thickness, TSS, fruit pH, seeds fruit-1 and 1000 seed weight. A wide range of variation was observed among the characters studied which have a great interest for tomato breeders. Heritability for (broad sense) ranged from 51.8 to 99.8 % in 2002 and from 86.0 to 99.9 % in 2003. Single fruit weight gave the highest heritability during 2002, however, it was at maximum for days to first harvest during 2003. Fruit weight plant-1 showed high and positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation with number of picking and with number of fruits plant-1 , thus indicating that these traits were the most important yield components. On the basis of performance and keeping in view the selection criteria observed in the present study, 14 genotypes were identified for future testing under wide range of environments.
Three hundred and seventeen accessions of lentil collected from all over the country were evaluat... more Three hundred and seventeen accessions of lentil collected from all over the country were evaluated for six quantitative traits to investigate inter and intra-accession diversity in association with geographic pattern. Variation indicated that areas with high geographic diversity that is supposed to ...
Kalonji (Nigella sativa) is an annual flowering plant investigated recently for its potential as ... more Kalonji (Nigella sativa) is an annual flowering plant investigated recently for its potential as a crop in Pakistan. NARC-Kalonji has been developed by the Institute of Agri-Biotechnology & Genetic Resources, National Agricultural Research Center (IABGR, NARC), Islamabad. A promising line was selected from indigenous germplasm collected from the Lahore area during 2002-2003 and was given the number MP120. After preliminary screening of 32 accessions, four elite lines were selected as promising genotypes on the basis of per row seed yield. These four accessions were grown over an area of 60 m 2 in plots during 2003-2004 using standard cultural practices. Significant differences in per acre yield were observed among the four accessions. Based upon two years of field evaluation at NARC, Islamabad, accession MP120 was selected for further testing for its seed yield and oil contents. Seed yield of NARC-Kalonji ranged between 290 and 333 kg/acre under field conditions at NARC, Islamabad. Seed of this accession was multiplied and trialed in diverse areas of Punjab before it was recommended as a new variety. The performance of the variety was assessed in the irrigated areas of Bahawalpur,
Pathogenecity of 42 isolates derived from single spore cultures representing 15 collecting sites ... more Pathogenecity of 42 isolates derived from single spore cultures representing 15 collecting sites of Pakistan were studied on 7 chickpea varieties. The isolates exhibited variation in morphological and cultural characteristics. Chickpea varieties C-727 and C 44 revealed high degree of susceptibility and suggested to be used as susceptible checks for screening experiments. The factor analysis revealed that first principal component (PC) was more related to blight reaction, second PC contributed more for isolate colony colour. The variability for other morphological traits was distributed among all the three components. The first PC was a weighted average of all the variables. Two clusters were observed using UPGMA that was able to separate A. rabiei isolates on the basis of virulence or aggressiveness. The virulent isolates gave same intensity of infection, whereas others were observed with varying degrees of infection. Multivariate analyses were able to distinguish isolates on the basis of virulence rather than origin or morphological/cultural characterization. The susceptible differentials were identified but no variety could be established as resistant that might be due to complex nature of A. rabiei. The situation suggests to modify chickpea breeding for blight resistance and to use multiple crosses to build resistance pyramids involving parents with known level of tolerance. Clustering pattern indicated the exchange of breeding material and disease cultures among the researchers or high heterogeneity in the isolates.
Ten isolates of Ascochyta rabiei derived from single spore cultures were studied for their morpho... more Ten isolates of Ascochyta rabiei derived from single spore cultures were studied for their morphological characters and pathogenic variability. These isolates exhibited variation in morphological and cultural characteristics. Variation in rating of each A. rabiei isolates towards all the test ...
Sixty-seven pea genotypes originating from 5 countries were investigated for genetic divergence b... more Sixty-seven pea genotypes originating from 5 countries were investigated for genetic divergence based on seed protein profile using Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Based on seed proteins, 25 subunits were observed and among these 20 ...
Three hundred and seventeen accessions of lentil collected from all over the country were charact... more Three hundred and seventeen accessions of lentil collected from all over the country were characterized for stem colour, pedicle colour, growth habit, tendrils, hairiness, leaf pubescence, leaflet size, pod pigmentation, pod indehiscence, presence/absence of beak, seed coat colour, ...
Thirty-three soybean genotypes were evaluated for days to flowering, days to maturity, pod length... more Thirty-three soybean genotypes were evaluated for days to flowering, days to maturity, pod length, number of branches, number of unfilled, filled pods and total pods, 100 seed weight and seed yield. Grain yield (kg ha-1) was estimated on the basis of 12 m2 plot size. Genetic ...
A study was conducted in tomato using an 8 × 8 diallel set excluding reciprocals to quantify the ... more A study was conducted in tomato using an 8 × 8 diallel set excluding reciprocals to quantify the magnitude of heterosis for yield and its five yield components: number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits set per cluster, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight and fruit yield per plant. Seven accessions and one locally approved variety were crossed in half diallel fashion and the resulting F1 progeny along with their parents were evaluated in a 6 × 6 Tripple Lattice Design at Agricultural Research Institute, Mingora (NWFP), Pakistan during 2007 - 2008 crop season. Highly significant differences were observed among the genotypes for all the studied traits. Highly significant heterosis of positive nature was found for flowers per cluster (53.1 and 37.2%), fruits per cluster (38.9%), fruit length (32.7 and 15.5%), fruit weight (48.7 and 45.0%) and yield per plant (34.9%) over the mid and better parents, respectively. Positive significant heterosis was observed for flowers per clus...
Consistent isolation of best quality deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.... more Consistent isolation of best quality deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is particularly problematic due to the presence of phenolic compounds and polysaccharides. Inconsistencies in extraction results can be attributed to the age and growth stages of the plant material analyzed. Mature leaves have higher quantities of polyphenols, tannins and polysaccharides that can contaminate DNA during isolation. In this study, we used fresh and dried leaves as well as seeds for optimization of high quality DNA isolation protocols from A. hypogaea. The DNA extracted with three different methods cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and cesium chloride (CsCl) density gradient) were comparatively studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis in terms of quantity and quality. High quality genomic DNA was obtained from fresh leaves by modified CTAB methods. The DNA obtained ranged from 1 to 2.5 ng/μl. DNA obtained by this method was strong and reliable showing its compatibility for simple sequence repeat (SSR) analyses. The SDS based methodology give large quantities of DNA contaminated with polysaccharides. Fresh leaves also gave best result in SDS method. The quantity and quality of DNA obtained was very poor in all the tested methods in case of dried leaf tissues. The current protocol will probably be useful for the extraction of high-molecular weight DNA from other plant materials containing large amounts of secondary metabolites and essential oils.
Genetic diversity among 114 rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) accessions was investigated for see... more Genetic diversity among 114 rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) accessions was investigated for seed protein profiling using Sodium Dodecyl Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). In total, 16 protein bands were observed with molecular weight ranging from 20 kDa to more than 66 kDa. Among total protein bands, 12 (75%) were polymorphic which resolved taxonomic variation. The data was analyzed statistically using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA). A dendrogram was formed and on the basis of banding pattern, the data was clustered into 4 regions. All the regions exhibited polymorphism for one or the other protein band.
The current study was aimed to explore the genetic diversity among seventy Pakistani accessions o... more The current study was aimed to explore the genetic diversity among seventy Pakistani accessions of Arachis hypogaea. In Pakistan their morphological and biochemical variations have already documented but still so far, molecular variations need to be studied for this valuable crop. For molecular diversity study DNA was extracted from all seventy accessions of Arachis hypogaea. The extracted DNA was primed with thirty SSR primers and amplified through PCR. Fifteen out of thirty primers generated polymorphic bands among the selected accessions. In total, forty different polymorphic loci were determined across the selected accessions. The range of number of polymorphic loci detected was ranged from 2 to 4 for each primer, with an average of 2.6 loci per primer. Polymorph ic Index Content (PIC) value was calculated for each marker. The dendrogram was constructed on the basis of allelic data from fifteen SSR markers across the selected accessions. All the accessions were divided into six ...
Context: Direct selection based on crop yields is often a paradox in breeding programmes because ... more Context: Direct selection based on crop yields is often a paradox in breeding programmes because yield is a complex polygenically inherited character, influenced by its component traits. Objectives: The present research work was taken up to assess genetic variability, phenotypic and genotypic associations between various components of grain yield to provide basis for selection and yield improvement in rice. Materials and Methods: Correlation coefficient and path association are used to find out the degree (strength) and direction of relationship between two or more variable and for fixing up the characters which are having decisive role in influencing the yield. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out to establish the extent of association between yield and yield components and others characters in rice. Analysis of variance revealed that significant amount of genetic variability was present in the entire characters studied. Results: High heritability coupled with high t...
Thirteen advance lines and three check varieties viz. , Chakwal-86, Pak-81 and Rawal-87 of wheat ... more Thirteen advance lines and three check varieties viz. , Chakwal-86, Pak-81 and Rawal-87 of wheat were planted at nine locations to estimate genotype x environment interaction. Both the linear and non-linear (pooled deviation) components were highly significant, indicating the presence of both predictable and unpredictable components of "G X E" interaction. The stability parameters for the individual genotype revealed that the genotypes, 89R-35 and 90R-36 showed the regression closer to unity along with low deviation from regression and thus may be stated as stable genotypes.
Six cultivars of blackgram Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper selected from genetically diverse groups based... more Six cultivars of blackgram Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper selected from genetically diverse groups based on three years evaluation under field conditions were crossed and generations were advanced accordingly. The final experiment consisting 4 generations of 11 hybrids along with their respective parents were evaluated in four replications at N.A.R.C., Islamabad, Pakistan. The source of variation was attributed to both the factors, i.e., hybrids and generations representing high proportions of the total sum of squares. Two factors gave eigen values greater than unity and these contributed 77% of the total variability. A clear response for grouping of F 1 and F 2 was observed, whereas other two generations were intermixed, although a low level of separation was observed. On the basis of performance and hybrid vigour, three hybrids; Mash 3/Mash 1, BG 9012/BG 9025 and BG 9020/Mash 1 exhibited better potential. The hybrids with high mean performance and hybrid vigour are expected to give better chance for selection to develop superior cultivars of blackgram.
Selection for complex genetic traits, such as frost tolerance, can be simplified in plant breedin... more Selection for complex genetic traits, such as frost tolerance, can be simplified in plant breeding programs when linked markers were detected. The use of microsatellite markers for tagging and mapping important genes or QTLs is a goal in wheat genetic projects. In this study, 200 microsatellite markers were studied and after parental assay, 41 polymorphic SSR markers were used for genotyping of 280 F2 individual plants derived from F1 generation of wheat cross (Norstar× Zagros). The progeny of individual F2 plants were used as F2:3 families for the assessment of LT50 and heading time. Single marker analysis revealed that seven markers with total of 27% of phenotypic variance determination linked to LT50 and five markers linked to the heading time. Two markers that were located on 2B and 5A chromosomes affected both LT50 and heading time significantly. It was assumed, therefore, that some closely linked QTLs or QTLs with pleiotropic effects govern both traits simultaneously, as the LT50 of F2:3 families were significantly correlated with the heading time of F2:3 families, Thus, it is concluded that later heading time is associated with the higher level of frost tolerance in wheat.
Two hundred and sixty three genotypes of Pisum sativum were analyzed for numerical taxonomy to in... more Two hundred and sixty three genotypes of Pisum sativum were analyzed for numerical taxonomy to investigate inter and intra-cluster distances and superior accessions were identified with broad genetic base. High variance for grain yield per plant, biomass per plant and pods per plant indicated the scope of improvement through simple selection for high mean values for these traits. Based on average mean variance, five clusters with varying degrees on inter cluster distances were observed. Thirty-seven accessions of cluster-IV were early in maturity and high yielding, whereas 66 members of cluster-V were late in maturity and low yielding. Among selected genotypes, some exhibited better performance for more than two characters, hence these are suggested to evaluate under wide range of climatic conditions.
Thirty-seven pure-lines selected at random from a broad based germplasm were studied for quantita... more Thirty-seven pure-lines selected at random from a broad based germplasm were studied for quantitative traits to investigate the impact of selection on diversity in relationship to agronomic performance. Multivariate approach proved its validity to classify blackgram genotypes on the basis of agronomic performance and geographic origin. Five yield contributing traits (branches per plant, pods per plant, biomass per plant, grain yield per plant, harvest index) were important for first PC three years, hence populations in this component were categorized as high yielding with maximum number of reproductive organs. Cluster analysis grouped high yielding genotypes that indicated the importance of selection from a large set of germplasm. The breeding program is suggested to broaden involving diverse parents from various clusters.
Thirty six tomato genotypes, including cultivar, were evaluated at National Agricultural Research... more Thirty six tomato genotypes, including cultivar, were evaluated at National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, during summer, 2002 and 2003 to estimate the nature and magnitude of genetic variability based on days to first harvest, number of pickings, plant height, number of fruit plant-1 , fruit weight plant-1 , fruit size, single fruit weight, number of locules, pericarp thickness, TSS, fruit pH, seeds fruit-1 and 1000 seed weight. A wide range of variation was observed among the characters studied which have a great interest for tomato breeders. Heritability for (broad sense) ranged from 51.8 to 99.8 % in 2002 and from 86.0 to 99.9 % in 2003. Single fruit weight gave the highest heritability during 2002, however, it was at maximum for days to first harvest during 2003. Fruit weight plant-1 showed high and positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation with number of picking and with number of fruits plant-1 , thus indicating that these traits were the most important yield components. On the basis of performance and keeping in view the selection criteria observed in the present study, 14 genotypes were identified for future testing under wide range of environments.
Three hundred and seventeen accessions of lentil collected from all over the country were evaluat... more Three hundred and seventeen accessions of lentil collected from all over the country were evaluated for six quantitative traits to investigate inter and intra-accession diversity in association with geographic pattern. Variation indicated that areas with high geographic diversity that is supposed to ...
Kalonji (Nigella sativa) is an annual flowering plant investigated recently for its potential as ... more Kalonji (Nigella sativa) is an annual flowering plant investigated recently for its potential as a crop in Pakistan. NARC-Kalonji has been developed by the Institute of Agri-Biotechnology & Genetic Resources, National Agricultural Research Center (IABGR, NARC), Islamabad. A promising line was selected from indigenous germplasm collected from the Lahore area during 2002-2003 and was given the number MP120. After preliminary screening of 32 accessions, four elite lines were selected as promising genotypes on the basis of per row seed yield. These four accessions were grown over an area of 60 m 2 in plots during 2003-2004 using standard cultural practices. Significant differences in per acre yield were observed among the four accessions. Based upon two years of field evaluation at NARC, Islamabad, accession MP120 was selected for further testing for its seed yield and oil contents. Seed yield of NARC-Kalonji ranged between 290 and 333 kg/acre under field conditions at NARC, Islamabad. Seed of this accession was multiplied and trialed in diverse areas of Punjab before it was recommended as a new variety. The performance of the variety was assessed in the irrigated areas of Bahawalpur,
Pathogenecity of 42 isolates derived from single spore cultures representing 15 collecting sites ... more Pathogenecity of 42 isolates derived from single spore cultures representing 15 collecting sites of Pakistan were studied on 7 chickpea varieties. The isolates exhibited variation in morphological and cultural characteristics. Chickpea varieties C-727 and C 44 revealed high degree of susceptibility and suggested to be used as susceptible checks for screening experiments. The factor analysis revealed that first principal component (PC) was more related to blight reaction, second PC contributed more for isolate colony colour. The variability for other morphological traits was distributed among all the three components. The first PC was a weighted average of all the variables. Two clusters were observed using UPGMA that was able to separate A. rabiei isolates on the basis of virulence or aggressiveness. The virulent isolates gave same intensity of infection, whereas others were observed with varying degrees of infection. Multivariate analyses were able to distinguish isolates on the basis of virulence rather than origin or morphological/cultural characterization. The susceptible differentials were identified but no variety could be established as resistant that might be due to complex nature of A. rabiei. The situation suggests to modify chickpea breeding for blight resistance and to use multiple crosses to build resistance pyramids involving parents with known level of tolerance. Clustering pattern indicated the exchange of breeding material and disease cultures among the researchers or high heterogeneity in the isolates.
Ten isolates of Ascochyta rabiei derived from single spore cultures were studied for their morpho... more Ten isolates of Ascochyta rabiei derived from single spore cultures were studied for their morphological characters and pathogenic variability. These isolates exhibited variation in morphological and cultural characteristics. Variation in rating of each A. rabiei isolates towards all the test ...
Sixty-seven pea genotypes originating from 5 countries were investigated for genetic divergence b... more Sixty-seven pea genotypes originating from 5 countries were investigated for genetic divergence based on seed protein profile using Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Based on seed proteins, 25 subunits were observed and among these 20 ...
Three hundred and seventeen accessions of lentil collected from all over the country were charact... more Three hundred and seventeen accessions of lentil collected from all over the country were characterized for stem colour, pedicle colour, growth habit, tendrils, hairiness, leaf pubescence, leaflet size, pod pigmentation, pod indehiscence, presence/absence of beak, seed coat colour, ...
Thirty-three soybean genotypes were evaluated for days to flowering, days to maturity, pod length... more Thirty-three soybean genotypes were evaluated for days to flowering, days to maturity, pod length, number of branches, number of unfilled, filled pods and total pods, 100 seed weight and seed yield. Grain yield (kg ha-1) was estimated on the basis of 12 m2 plot size. Genetic ...
Uploads
Papers by Abdul Ghafoor