We estimated the age of plantation-grown trees lacking distinct and consistent annual rings to ex... more We estimated the age of plantation-grown trees lacking distinct and consistent annual rings to examine whether an anatomical method for determining the vessel traits of wood is effective in the tropical rain forest climate. Stem disks from 1 Dipterocarpaceae and 2 Meliaceae species for which the planting year was known were collected, and radial strips were sawn out from 2 different radii on each disk. We measured mean vessel lumen area (MVLA) and vessel frequency (VF) and found that radial changes in the 2 variables showed cyclic variation in all samples. The cycle number of both MVLA and VF mostly matched the tree age when they were analyzed with proper radial resolution. The number and shape of the cyclic variations were different between the 2 radii; this inconsistency could partly be ascribed to asynchronous cambium activity. The result implies that (1) the selection of sample species is important and (2) more than 1 radius should be analyzed to increase the accuracy of estimation.
Proof Carrying Code (PCC) is a promising new technology for enforcing security policies. We prese... more Proof Carrying Code (PCC) is a promising new technology for enforcing security policies. We present an information flow type system for RISC-style assembly language that enforces confidentiality through noninterference. Based on the security-type system, the PCC can be used for checking untrusted code for noninterference, and thus enabling end-users to protect their confidential data.
... 117 and 335. Arnold,London(1960).2. AAABDULAzI~~ and MM ANWAR, Corros. Sci. Jn press. ... Ref... more ... 117 and 335. Arnold,London(1960).2. AAABDULAzI~~ and MM ANWAR, Corros. Sci. Jn press. ... References. ES Hedges, Tin and its Alloys, Arnold (1960), p. 117. ES Hedges, Tin and its Alloys,Arnold, London (1960), p. 335. AA Abdul Azim and MM Anwar, Corros. Sci. In press. ...
The lifetime of graphite anodes in sulphuric acid media can be increased by a factor of 3.2 by mu... more The lifetime of graphite anodes in sulphuric acid media can be increased by a factor of 3.2 by multiple impregnation with coal tar pitch. For single impregnation, linseed oil yielded the largest improvement. The results were interpreted on the premise that properties such as viscosity, melting point and coking value determine the effectiveness of the impregnant. The proper selection of the impregnant and procedure of impregnation is dependent on the electrolysis temperature.
Software quality is a complex concept containing a large number of quality criteria. These qualit... more Software quality is a complex concept containing a large number of quality criteria. These quality criteria are usually interactive where preference outcome of one criterion over another criterion is always influenced by the remaining criteria. However, to avoid complexity researchers always tend to construct independent criteria which causing some bias effect in evaluation. This paper presents a method to investigate and identify the relationships of quality criteria in the development of web-based applications (WBA). Experienced-based approach and an online survey were conducted to gather the intended relationships. The results have shown that there exist relationships and interaction between the quality attributes. These relationships will be used later on in the aggregation procedure for the evaluation of the WBA.
Graphite electrodes were prepared by mixing calcined coke and coal tar pitch. They were pressed u... more Graphite electrodes were prepared by mixing calcined coke and coal tar pitch. They were pressed under 250 kg cm -2 and heat treated up to 2800 ~ C. Rectangles measuring 70 mmx 40 mm x 8 mm were anodically polarized under galvanostatic and potentiostatic conditions. Electrolyses were conducted at 10-50 mA cm -2 for periods ranging from 10-120 hours in Na2SO4 solutions acidified with sulphuric acid to various pH values. The wear of graphite anodes increased with decreasing bath temperature, increasing acid concentration, decreasing pH of the electrolyte and increasing current density. A model is suggested which assumes that corrosion takes place via the formation of a lamellar crystal compound with the formula (C~O)(OH)sHSO~-2H2SO4.
ABSTRACT Graphite electrode samples measuring 30 × 30 × 6 mm were machined from an industrial syn... more ABSTRACT Graphite electrode samples measuring 30 × 30 × 6 mm were machined from an industrial synthetic graphite plate. These were anodically polarized in sodium chloride solution under galvanostatic and potentiostatic conditions. Electolyses experiments were performed within the current density of 25–50 mA/cm−2 for periods ranging from 20–160 hours. The effects of chloride ion concentration, bath temperature, brine pH value and current density on the wear rate of the graphite anodes were investigated. The results obtained reveal that corrosion rate of the graphite anodes during electrolysis of brine takes place 1.(1) due to the neucleophilic attack of water, and2.(2) via the formation of a chloride-graphite compound having the chemical formula: The compound was isolated and identified. It decomposes to carbon slimes, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, chlorine gases, and water. A model for corrosion of graphite anodes has been suggested which assumes that chloride ions are adsorbed on the anode blanketing its surface from the brine attack, and hence inhibit corrosion rate. The overall formation and decomposition reactions of the isolated compound are an endothermic process whereby wear rate is enhanced with rise in temperature. Increasing the current density imparts a corresponding increase in positively charged carbon atoms maintained on the anode surface leading to an increase in wear rate. The latter attains its maximum at neutral rather than in acidic or alkaline solutions. Dense electrode material having mesopores is less corroded than electrodes having pores with pore diameter ⩾5,000 nm.
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry (1959), 1966
Ch+z.; I I, (x-46) $823QO POLARISXTIOX B\* Pb-Sb _%LLOYs AT LOW CURRENT DENSITIES 283 J_ EZecLroa... more Ch+z.; I I, (x-46) $823QO POLARISXTIOX B\* Pb-Sb _%LLOYs AT LOW CURRENT DENSITIES 283 J_ EZecLroanaZ. Chem.,
After introducing Agile approach in 2001, several Agile methods were founded over the last decade... more After introducing Agile approach in 2001, several Agile methods were founded over the last decade. Agile values such as customer collaboration, embracing changes, iteration and frequent delivery, continuous integration, etc. motivate all software stakeholders to use these methods in their projects. Moving to Agile methods needs a huge change in organization and involved people. This change is a fundamental and critical mutation. The main issue is that Agile transition and governance action plan needs to consider different aspects of change related issues. Conduction a Grounded Theory study with participation of 37 Agile experts from 13 countries showed that software companies should consider three main factors before inception of transformation action plan: Adoption styles, Method selection and Awareness of challenges and constraints. These fundamental considerations encompass many critical items for Agile movement and adoption process. However these items may lead to different results in different companies, but they should be studied in deep before any transition action plan.
This cross sectional study was done in the . In this study 30 patients of sinonasal malignancy we... more This cross sectional study was done in the . In this study 30 patients of sinonasal malignancy were studied and to observe the clinicopathological pattern of sinonasal malignancy. The diagnosis was made by detailed history, clinical, radiological and histopathological examinations. In this study majority of the patients were within 40 to 70 years of age (77%). Male to female ratio was 2.33:1. Majority of the malignancy came from maxillary sinuses 15(50.00%); ethmoidal sinuses were involved in 8(26.66%) cases, multiple sinuses were involved in 5(16.66%). Neck node metastases was found in 4(14%) cases. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type (70.00%); the other less common histological types were adenoid cystic carcinoma (06.66%), adenocarcinoma (06.66%), Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (06.66%), least frequent types were malignant fibrous histocytoma, transitional cell carcinoma, olfactory neuroblastoma.
Agile software development (ASD) methods were introduced as a reaction to traditional software de... more Agile software development (ASD) methods were introduced as a reaction to traditional software development methods. Principles of these methods are different from traditional methods and so there are some different processes and activities in agile methods comparing to traditional methods. Thus ASD methods require different measurement practices comparing to traditional methods. Agile teams often do their projects in the simplest
Problem statement: How a host (the code consumer) can determine with certainty that a downloaded ... more Problem statement: How a host (the code consumer) can determine with certainty that a downloaded program received from untrusted source (the code producer) will maintain the confidentiality of the data it manipulates and it is safe to install and execute. Approach: The approach adopted for verifying that a downloaded program will not leak confidential data to unauthorized parties was based on the concept of Proof-Carrying Code (PCC). A mobile program (in its assembly form) was analyzed for information flow security based on the concept of proof-carrying code. The security policy was centered on a type system for analyzing information flows within assembly programs based on the notion of noninterference. Results: A verification tool for verifying assembly programs for information flow security was built. The tool certifies SPARC assembly programs for secure information flow by statically analyzing the program based on the idea of Proof-Carrying Code (PCC). The tool operated directly on the machine-code requiring only the inputs and outputs of the code annotated with security levels. The tool provided a windows user interface enabling the users to control the verification process. The proofs that untrusted program did not leak sensitive information were generated and checked on the host machine and if they are valid, then the untrusted program can be installed and executed safely. Conclusion: By basing proof-carrying code infrastructure on information flow analysis type-system, a sufficient assurance of protecting confidential data manipulated by the mobile program can be obtained. This assurance was come due to the fact that type systems provide a sufficient guarantee of protecting confidentiality.
Zeitschrift f�r anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, 1971
The infrared absorption spectra of α-, β-, γ- and δ- MnO2 prepared by different methods, were mea... more The infrared absorption spectra of α-, β-, γ- and δ- MnO2 prepared by different methods, were measured and discussed. It was found that the ratio of absorbancies of the bands at 595 ± 20 cm−1 und 535 ± 20 cm−1 (φ) is related to the amorphous content. Each preparation is characterized by a certain value of φ. The mode of change of φ as a result of heating the different preparations is discussed. Infrared spectra help in differentiating α-, γ and δ-MnO2 on the one hand, and β-MnO2 on the other, and in indicating the transformation of γ-into β-MnO2 by heating the former at 450 °C.α-, β-, γ und δ-MnO2 wurden nach verschiedenen Methoden dargestellt und ihre IR-Spektren aufgenommen und verglichen. Es zeigte sich. Daß das Verhältnis der Absorption der Banden bei 595 ± 20 cm−1 und 535 ± 20 cm−1 (φ) abhängt vom amorphen Anteil. Jede Charge wird durch einen bestimmten Wert von φ charakterisiert. Die Art der Ånderung von φ durch Tempern der Proben wird diskutiert. Die IR-Spektren erlauben eine Unterscheidung von α-, γ- und δ-MnO2 einerseits und β-MnO2 andererseits; auch ist der Übergang der γ- in die β-Form beim Tempern bei 450°C zu erkennen.
The effect of Sb203, ASzO3 and P20s on the cycle life of the lead-acid cell has been studied with... more The effect of Sb203, ASzO3 and P20s on the cycle life of the lead-acid cell has been studied with the help of a small cell which avoids the complicating factors encountered in a complete cell. The behaviour of the active mass in absence and presence of different concentration of the additives was compared with the corresponding behaviour of pure a-and t3-PbO2. X-ray as well as microscopic examinations of the active mass were carried out.
We estimated the age of plantation-grown trees lacking distinct and consistent annual rings to ex... more We estimated the age of plantation-grown trees lacking distinct and consistent annual rings to examine whether an anatomical method for determining the vessel traits of wood is effective in the tropical rain forest climate. Stem disks from 1 Dipterocarpaceae and 2 Meliaceae species for which the planting year was known were collected, and radial strips were sawn out from 2 different radii on each disk. We measured mean vessel lumen area (MVLA) and vessel frequency (VF) and found that radial changes in the 2 variables showed cyclic variation in all samples. The cycle number of both MVLA and VF mostly matched the tree age when they were analyzed with proper radial resolution. The number and shape of the cyclic variations were different between the 2 radii; this inconsistency could partly be ascribed to asynchronous cambium activity. The result implies that (1) the selection of sample species is important and (2) more than 1 radius should be analyzed to increase the accuracy of estimation.
Proof Carrying Code (PCC) is a promising new technology for enforcing security policies. We prese... more Proof Carrying Code (PCC) is a promising new technology for enforcing security policies. We present an information flow type system for RISC-style assembly language that enforces confidentiality through noninterference. Based on the security-type system, the PCC can be used for checking untrusted code for noninterference, and thus enabling end-users to protect their confidential data.
... 117 and 335. Arnold,London(1960).2. AAABDULAzI~~ and MM ANWAR, Corros. Sci. Jn press. ... Ref... more ... 117 and 335. Arnold,London(1960).2. AAABDULAzI~~ and MM ANWAR, Corros. Sci. Jn press. ... References. ES Hedges, Tin and its Alloys, Arnold (1960), p. 117. ES Hedges, Tin and its Alloys,Arnold, London (1960), p. 335. AA Abdul Azim and MM Anwar, Corros. Sci. In press. ...
The lifetime of graphite anodes in sulphuric acid media can be increased by a factor of 3.2 by mu... more The lifetime of graphite anodes in sulphuric acid media can be increased by a factor of 3.2 by multiple impregnation with coal tar pitch. For single impregnation, linseed oil yielded the largest improvement. The results were interpreted on the premise that properties such as viscosity, melting point and coking value determine the effectiveness of the impregnant. The proper selection of the impregnant and procedure of impregnation is dependent on the electrolysis temperature.
Software quality is a complex concept containing a large number of quality criteria. These qualit... more Software quality is a complex concept containing a large number of quality criteria. These quality criteria are usually interactive where preference outcome of one criterion over another criterion is always influenced by the remaining criteria. However, to avoid complexity researchers always tend to construct independent criteria which causing some bias effect in evaluation. This paper presents a method to investigate and identify the relationships of quality criteria in the development of web-based applications (WBA). Experienced-based approach and an online survey were conducted to gather the intended relationships. The results have shown that there exist relationships and interaction between the quality attributes. These relationships will be used later on in the aggregation procedure for the evaluation of the WBA.
Graphite electrodes were prepared by mixing calcined coke and coal tar pitch. They were pressed u... more Graphite electrodes were prepared by mixing calcined coke and coal tar pitch. They were pressed under 250 kg cm -2 and heat treated up to 2800 ~ C. Rectangles measuring 70 mmx 40 mm x 8 mm were anodically polarized under galvanostatic and potentiostatic conditions. Electrolyses were conducted at 10-50 mA cm -2 for periods ranging from 10-120 hours in Na2SO4 solutions acidified with sulphuric acid to various pH values. The wear of graphite anodes increased with decreasing bath temperature, increasing acid concentration, decreasing pH of the electrolyte and increasing current density. A model is suggested which assumes that corrosion takes place via the formation of a lamellar crystal compound with the formula (C~O)(OH)sHSO~-2H2SO4.
ABSTRACT Graphite electrode samples measuring 30 × 30 × 6 mm were machined from an industrial syn... more ABSTRACT Graphite electrode samples measuring 30 × 30 × 6 mm were machined from an industrial synthetic graphite plate. These were anodically polarized in sodium chloride solution under galvanostatic and potentiostatic conditions. Electolyses experiments were performed within the current density of 25–50 mA/cm−2 for periods ranging from 20–160 hours. The effects of chloride ion concentration, bath temperature, brine pH value and current density on the wear rate of the graphite anodes were investigated. The results obtained reveal that corrosion rate of the graphite anodes during electrolysis of brine takes place 1.(1) due to the neucleophilic attack of water, and2.(2) via the formation of a chloride-graphite compound having the chemical formula: The compound was isolated and identified. It decomposes to carbon slimes, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, chlorine gases, and water. A model for corrosion of graphite anodes has been suggested which assumes that chloride ions are adsorbed on the anode blanketing its surface from the brine attack, and hence inhibit corrosion rate. The overall formation and decomposition reactions of the isolated compound are an endothermic process whereby wear rate is enhanced with rise in temperature. Increasing the current density imparts a corresponding increase in positively charged carbon atoms maintained on the anode surface leading to an increase in wear rate. The latter attains its maximum at neutral rather than in acidic or alkaline solutions. Dense electrode material having mesopores is less corroded than electrodes having pores with pore diameter ⩾5,000 nm.
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry (1959), 1966
Ch+z.; I I, (x-46) $823QO POLARISXTIOX B\* Pb-Sb _%LLOYs AT LOW CURRENT DENSITIES 283 J_ EZecLroa... more Ch+z.; I I, (x-46) $823QO POLARISXTIOX B\* Pb-Sb _%LLOYs AT LOW CURRENT DENSITIES 283 J_ EZecLroanaZ. Chem.,
After introducing Agile approach in 2001, several Agile methods were founded over the last decade... more After introducing Agile approach in 2001, several Agile methods were founded over the last decade. Agile values such as customer collaboration, embracing changes, iteration and frequent delivery, continuous integration, etc. motivate all software stakeholders to use these methods in their projects. Moving to Agile methods needs a huge change in organization and involved people. This change is a fundamental and critical mutation. The main issue is that Agile transition and governance action plan needs to consider different aspects of change related issues. Conduction a Grounded Theory study with participation of 37 Agile experts from 13 countries showed that software companies should consider three main factors before inception of transformation action plan: Adoption styles, Method selection and Awareness of challenges and constraints. These fundamental considerations encompass many critical items for Agile movement and adoption process. However these items may lead to different results in different companies, but they should be studied in deep before any transition action plan.
This cross sectional study was done in the . In this study 30 patients of sinonasal malignancy we... more This cross sectional study was done in the . In this study 30 patients of sinonasal malignancy were studied and to observe the clinicopathological pattern of sinonasal malignancy. The diagnosis was made by detailed history, clinical, radiological and histopathological examinations. In this study majority of the patients were within 40 to 70 years of age (77%). Male to female ratio was 2.33:1. Majority of the malignancy came from maxillary sinuses 15(50.00%); ethmoidal sinuses were involved in 8(26.66%) cases, multiple sinuses were involved in 5(16.66%). Neck node metastases was found in 4(14%) cases. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type (70.00%); the other less common histological types were adenoid cystic carcinoma (06.66%), adenocarcinoma (06.66%), Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (06.66%), least frequent types were malignant fibrous histocytoma, transitional cell carcinoma, olfactory neuroblastoma.
Agile software development (ASD) methods were introduced as a reaction to traditional software de... more Agile software development (ASD) methods were introduced as a reaction to traditional software development methods. Principles of these methods are different from traditional methods and so there are some different processes and activities in agile methods comparing to traditional methods. Thus ASD methods require different measurement practices comparing to traditional methods. Agile teams often do their projects in the simplest
Problem statement: How a host (the code consumer) can determine with certainty that a downloaded ... more Problem statement: How a host (the code consumer) can determine with certainty that a downloaded program received from untrusted source (the code producer) will maintain the confidentiality of the data it manipulates and it is safe to install and execute. Approach: The approach adopted for verifying that a downloaded program will not leak confidential data to unauthorized parties was based on the concept of Proof-Carrying Code (PCC). A mobile program (in its assembly form) was analyzed for information flow security based on the concept of proof-carrying code. The security policy was centered on a type system for analyzing information flows within assembly programs based on the notion of noninterference. Results: A verification tool for verifying assembly programs for information flow security was built. The tool certifies SPARC assembly programs for secure information flow by statically analyzing the program based on the idea of Proof-Carrying Code (PCC). The tool operated directly on the machine-code requiring only the inputs and outputs of the code annotated with security levels. The tool provided a windows user interface enabling the users to control the verification process. The proofs that untrusted program did not leak sensitive information were generated and checked on the host machine and if they are valid, then the untrusted program can be installed and executed safely. Conclusion: By basing proof-carrying code infrastructure on information flow analysis type-system, a sufficient assurance of protecting confidential data manipulated by the mobile program can be obtained. This assurance was come due to the fact that type systems provide a sufficient guarantee of protecting confidentiality.
Zeitschrift f�r anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, 1971
The infrared absorption spectra of α-, β-, γ- and δ- MnO2 prepared by different methods, were mea... more The infrared absorption spectra of α-, β-, γ- and δ- MnO2 prepared by different methods, were measured and discussed. It was found that the ratio of absorbancies of the bands at 595 ± 20 cm−1 und 535 ± 20 cm−1 (φ) is related to the amorphous content. Each preparation is characterized by a certain value of φ. The mode of change of φ as a result of heating the different preparations is discussed. Infrared spectra help in differentiating α-, γ and δ-MnO2 on the one hand, and β-MnO2 on the other, and in indicating the transformation of γ-into β-MnO2 by heating the former at 450 °C.α-, β-, γ und δ-MnO2 wurden nach verschiedenen Methoden dargestellt und ihre IR-Spektren aufgenommen und verglichen. Es zeigte sich. Daß das Verhältnis der Absorption der Banden bei 595 ± 20 cm−1 und 535 ± 20 cm−1 (φ) abhängt vom amorphen Anteil. Jede Charge wird durch einen bestimmten Wert von φ charakterisiert. Die Art der Ånderung von φ durch Tempern der Proben wird diskutiert. Die IR-Spektren erlauben eine Unterscheidung von α-, γ- und δ-MnO2 einerseits und β-MnO2 andererseits; auch ist der Übergang der γ- in die β-Form beim Tempern bei 450°C zu erkennen.
The effect of Sb203, ASzO3 and P20s on the cycle life of the lead-acid cell has been studied with... more The effect of Sb203, ASzO3 and P20s on the cycle life of the lead-acid cell has been studied with the help of a small cell which avoids the complicating factors encountered in a complete cell. The behaviour of the active mass in absence and presence of different concentration of the additives was compared with the corresponding behaviour of pure a-and t3-PbO2. X-ray as well as microscopic examinations of the active mass were carried out.
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