Papers by Abbas Khosravi Farsani
این روزها بحث فتوای ضد سلاح هسته‌ای «رهبری» داغ است. گفته می‌شود که خامنه‌ای در دهه ۹۰ فتوایی علی... more این روزها بحث فتوای ضد سلاح هسته‌ای «رهبری» داغ است. گفته می‌شود که خامنه‌ای در دهه ۹۰ فتوایی علیه سلاح‌های کشتار جمعی صادر کرده بود، اما ایران به ساخت موشک‌های قاره پیما ادامه داده است.
In the context of the Iran-West nuclear talks, a peculiar issue that is occasionally conjured up ... more In the context of the Iran-West nuclear talks, a peculiar issue that is occasionally conjured up by the Islamic Republic officials in order to demonstrate the “peaceful” nature of the I.R. nuclear activities is the so-called “Nuclear Fatwa” by the Islamic Republic’s incumbent Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.
One of the demonstrations presented to prove God’s existence and rationality of religious beliefs... more One of the demonstrations presented to prove God’s existence and rationality of religious beliefs is known as ‘Pascal’s wager’. William James has reviewed this demonstration and has presented a new account of it. According to his opinion we do not always form and accept our beliefs based on mere rational reasons; rather in many cases our will and feelings determine the direction of our beliefs. He believes that religious beliefs are among these cases as well. Criticizing skepticism and suspension of propositions on religious beliefs، James believes although the questions and problems related to accepting or rejecting religious beliefs might be rationally unanswered and without a final response such that we cannot take a definite rational position about them، but in practice and considering our emotional needs and the demands of our willing and emotive nature، they are among genuine and real choices which are living، unavoidable and momentous and we cannot be indifferent to them; rather we should study them considering the needs of our emotive and willing nature، if they are in accordance with our wills and pleasures we should accept them and otherwise we should reject them. James’ view has been criticized. Some of the most important criticisms of William James’ account of ‘Pascal’s wager’ are as follows: having an instrumental look at truth، accepting cognitive volitionaism، contradiction in ethical objectivism، paying attention to the profit of this world and ambiguity of concepts such as emotion and feelings.
Keywords
Pascal’s wager, William James, Existence of God, Contextualism, Fideism, Pragmatism, Volitionalism, Ethics of Belief; Rationalism; The Will to Belive
Pascal’s Wager is one of the most important and challenging arguments for the existence of God an... more Pascal’s Wager is one of the most important and challenging arguments for the existence of God and rationality of religious believes. According to this argument, where the rational and theoretical arguments for the existence of God are not satisfying, still in practice and decision-making, living on the base of belief in God and other religious believes like life after death, is the most prudential and rational option and the best bet, although these believes are not rationally and certainly provable; Avoiding the probable loss of atheism, namely eternal and infinite damnation in afterlife – that is more important than certain utility and restricted and finite pleasure of life in this world, is the ground of rationality of this decision-making. The psychological use of this argument is very effective, but the justificatory use of it have many difficulties; This article proceeding to the most important critics of this argument in the frame of subjects like plurality of religions, rationalism, evidentialism, ethics of belief, voluntarism and probabilities calculus.
Key Words
Pascal’s wager; existence of God; rationalism; evidentialism; pluralism; voluntarism; ethics of belief; probabilities calculus.
One of the arguments for proving God’s existence and the intelligibility of religious beliefs is ... more One of the arguments for proving God’s existence and the intelligibility of religious beliefs is that which is known as Pascal’s Wager. According to this highly disputable argument, in the absence of sufficient theoretical and rational evidence for proving God’s existence, the only intelligible and cautious option is belief in God, the afterlife, and shaping our lives thereon. A prudent and expedient mind necessitates the consideration of God and the justification of religious beliefs when it comes to decision-making and practice.
This argument is polished by the decision-making theory and by considering discourses on “rules of probability”, “expected utility” and “ risk-taking”, and had led to four new expositions: the argument from dominance, argument from expected utility, argument from dominating expected utility, and argument from strong dominance.
Keywords
Pascal’s Wager; probability of God’s existence; theism; rationality of religious belief; decision, making theory; Probabilities Calculus; expected utility
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Papers by Abbas Khosravi Farsani
Keywords
Pascal’s wager, William James, Existence of God, Contextualism, Fideism, Pragmatism, Volitionalism, Ethics of Belief; Rationalism; The Will to Belive
Key Words
Pascal’s wager; existence of God; rationalism; evidentialism; pluralism; voluntarism; ethics of belief; probabilities calculus.
This argument is polished by the decision-making theory and by considering discourses on “rules of probability”, “expected utility” and “ risk-taking”, and had led to four new expositions: the argument from dominance, argument from expected utility, argument from dominating expected utility, and argument from strong dominance.
Keywords
Pascal’s Wager; probability of God’s existence; theism; rationality of religious belief; decision, making theory; Probabilities Calculus; expected utility
Keywords
Pascal’s wager, William James, Existence of God, Contextualism, Fideism, Pragmatism, Volitionalism, Ethics of Belief; Rationalism; The Will to Belive
Key Words
Pascal’s wager; existence of God; rationalism; evidentialism; pluralism; voluntarism; ethics of belief; probabilities calculus.
This argument is polished by the decision-making theory and by considering discourses on “rules of probability”, “expected utility” and “ risk-taking”, and had led to four new expositions: the argument from dominance, argument from expected utility, argument from dominating expected utility, and argument from strong dominance.
Keywords
Pascal’s Wager; probability of God’s existence; theism; rationality of religious belief; decision, making theory; Probabilities Calculus; expected utility