Mouth dissolving tablets are gaining more demand and popularity from last few years since these d... more Mouth dissolving tablets are gaining more demand and popularity from last few years since these dosage forms when placed in the mouth disperse readily in the saliva and thus make it easy to swallow for geriatric and pediatric patients. This experimental study was performed to formulate and develop Repaglinide mouth dissolving tablet which shall be helpful for these patients and shall increase the patient compliance. Polacrilin Potassium was be used as a super disintegrant that was found better as compared to Croscarmellose sodium in the development of Mouth dissolving tablet of Repaglinide because of their smaller particle size, the high rate of swelling. Moreover, colloidal silicon dioxide when used intragranularly makes the granules more porous for water penetration and acted as an effective disintegrant for the tablet. A quantity of Poloxamer as surfactant/solubilizing agent, Polacrilin potassium as the disintegrant and Magnesium stearate as lubricant plays an important role in t...
International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies, 2021
In recent years, machining of hard-to-cut metals by hard turning process is an embryonic technolo... more In recent years, machining of hard-to-cut metals by hard turning process is an embryonic technology for machining industry and research development. Hard turning is generally defined as the material removal process of hardened steel having hardness greater than 45 HRC. The current research presents a comparative hard turning investigation on EN 31 (56 ± 1 HRC) grade steel using physical vapor deposition (PVD) coated carbide tool under dry and wet cooling. The selection of a better cooling strategy among dry and wet cooling was based on the value of obtained surface roughness (Ra) and material removal rate (MRR) in hard turning. Wet cooling exhibited better performance over dry cutting as lower Ra and greater MRR are achieved with wet cooling. Further, considering Taguchi L16 orthogonal array, hard turning experiments were executed in wet cooling and responses like surface roughness (Ra), material removal rate (MRR), and diameter error were studied. Further, the Grey-fuzzy hybrid op...
According to a well-known proverb saying, the Indian peasant is born in debt, lives in debt and d... more According to a well-known proverb saying, the Indian peasant is born in debt, lives in debt and dies in debt. The mass illiteracy of Indian people in general and rural people, in particular, compounded the problems of agricultural credit with around 70 to 80 percent of the farmers being illiteracy. This study throws light on various issues and challenges that are currently facing by the rural farmers and possible solution thereof. Further, this study also throws light on the exact cause of farmers’ suicide & possible solution for the prevention of the farmer’s suicide which is a big problem in the current scenario. This also justifies the possible phenomenon for the overall upliftment in agricultural production and development. In the rural areas of India, where almost a third of the working population is in the agriculture sector, farmer earnings are so low that they sometimes cannot even meet minimum needs for their families.
In almost all countries, classroom teaching has been suspended from mid March 2020 and currently ... more In almost all countries, classroom teaching has been suspended from mid March 2020 and currently no fresh dates have been announced by Governments to start the date. In view of this, almost all educational institutions in India are offering a variety of alternative teaching learning platforms to their students, whether Government run Institutions or privately run Institutions. The Institutions also conducted or planning to conduct their internal or final examinations through various platforms. In this paper, a number of online options for teaching and evaluation are discussed. The study is limited to India and discussion of software based platforms, whether web based or mobile apps based are considered. The research is limited to higher education sector specifically in undergraduate engineering education.
Journal of Technology Management for Growing Economies, 2019
Consumer price index (CPI) a popular economic indicator for India that represents the prices paid... more Consumer price index (CPI) a popular economic indicator for India that represents the prices paid by customers for goods and services consumedby them.CPI is often used as an economic indicator that reflects the change in prices of goods and services over a period of time. In this work an attempt has been made to develop a forecasting model for India’s CPI for the period of May to December 2018. The data used in this work is the all-India CPI data for the period January 2013 - April 2018. SPSS Expert Modeler method has been used to fit the models and analyzing the data.
International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, 2017
The present study investigates performance and feasibility of application of low cost cemented ca... more The present study investigates performance and feasibility of application of low cost cemented carbide insert in dry machining of AISI 52100 steel hardened to (55 ± 1 HRC) which is rarely researched as far as machining of bearing steel is concerned. Machinability studies i.e. flank wear, surface roughness and morphology analysis of chip has been investigated and statistical regression modeling has been developed. The test has been conducted based on Taguchi L16 OA taking machining parameters like cutting speed, feed and depth of cut. It is observed that uncoated cemented carbide insert performs well at some selected runs (Run 1, 5 and 9) which show its feasibility for hard turning applications. The developed serrated saw tooth chip of burnt blue colour adversely affects the surface quality. Adequacy of the developed statistical regression model has been checked using ANOVA analysis (depending on F value, P value and R 2 value) and normal probability plot at 95% confidence level. The results of optimal parametric combinations may be adopted while turning hardened AISI 52100 steel under dry environment with uncoated cemented carbide insert.
international journal of industrial engineering computations, 2014
This paper presents an experimental investigation on cutting temperature during hard turning of E... more This paper presents an experimental investigation on cutting temperature during hard turning of EN 24 steel (50 HRC) using TiN coated carbide insert under dry environment. The prediction model is developed using response surface methodology and optimization of process parameter is performed by desirability approach. A stiff rise in cutting temperature is noticed when feed and cutting speed are elevated. The effect of depth of cut on cutting temperature is not that much significant compared with cutting speed and feed as observed from main effects plot. The response surface second order model presented high correlation coefficient (R 2 = 0.992) explaining 99.2 % of the variability in the cutting temperature which indicates the goodness of fit for the model to the actual data and high statistical significance of the model. The experimental and predicted values are very close to each other. The calculated error for cutting temperature lies between 1.88-3.19 % during confirmation trial. Therefore, the developed second order model correlates the relationship of the cutting temperature with the process parameters with good degree of approximation. The optimal combination for process parameter is depth of cut at 0.2mm, feed of 0.1597 mm/rev and cutting speed of 70m/min. Based on these combination, the value of cutting temperature is 302.95 0 C whose desirability is one.
International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, 2011
This paper presents the experimental study, development of mathematical model and parametric opti... more This paper presents the experimental study, development of mathematical model and parametric optimization for surface roughness in turning D2 steel using TiN coated carbide insert using Taguchi parameter design and response surface methodology. The experimental plan and analysis was based on the Taguchi L 27 orthogonal array taking cutting speed (v), feed (f) and depth of cut (d) as important cutting parameters. The influence of the machining parameters on the surface finish has also been investigated and the optimum cutting condition for minimizing the surface roughness is evaluated. The optimal parametric combination for TiN coated cutting insert is found to be v3-f1-d3. The ANOVA result shows that feed the most significant process parameter on surface roughness followed by depth of cut. The cutting speed is found to be insignificant from the study. The RSM model shows good accuracy between predicted values and experimental values with 95% confidence intervals and adequate. It is concluded that the developed RSM model can be effectively utilized to predict the surface roughness in turning D2 steel.
A trend in the tool and die making industry is seen towards using highly wear-resistant and extre... more A trend in the tool and die making industry is seen towards using highly wear-resistant and extremely hard dies for stamping and forming operations, which are made of tungsten carbides. The limiting factor to manufacture such dies is the poor machinability of these materials. In this paper orthogonal cutting tests on different tungsten carbides with diamond-coated tungsten carbides tools were carried out. It was observed that ductile cutting of tungsten carbides is possible. The influence of different tungsten carbide grades on specific cutting forces with variable process parameters was evaluated in this paper.
Low cost machining puts tremendous pressure on the research in machining hardened steel compared ... more Low cost machining puts tremendous pressure on the research in machining hardened steel compared to traditional grinding. As environmental regulations are strict enough on application of cutting fluids, a novel method called spray impingement cooling (SIC) assisted hard turning has been studied. The current work explores the distinguish wear modes, surface characteristics, chip-tool interface temperature and chip morphology in turning of AISI D2 steel by coated carbide tools (TiN/TiCN/Al 2 O 3 /TiN). The results revealed the favorable chip tool interaction during machining in context to surface roughness, surface topology, flank wear, chip morphology, chip reduction coefficient and tool life. In the SIC, evaporation occurred due to atomization of water jet and sufficient to generate significant cooling as maximum temperature has been found as 200.6 0 C. Modes of wear like abrasion, chipping and catastrophic breakage are noticed at tool-tip in hard turning. The optimal settings of parameters are founds as ap1-fn1-vc2 i.e. depth of cut-0.1 mm; feed-0.04 mm/rev; cutting speed-108 m/min. At these parametric conditions, the measured tool life is found as 20.3 minutes.
This article presents the abrasion wear behaviour of different industrial wastes filled glass/pol... more This article presents the abrasion wear behaviour of different industrial wastes filled glass/polyester composites. Two types of fillers such as fly ash and granite dust are chosen with different weight proportions along with polyester and glass fiber for fabricating the composite using hand layup route. Abrasion wear properties of the developed composites are studied in the dry sand abrasion wear test rig as per the ASTM-G-65 standard. The experiments were conducted based on Taguchi design. Between the two fillers, granite filled composite showed better abrasion resistance property as compared with fly ash. Normal load and filler content are found to be the most influential factor for the abrasion loss of the composites followed by abrading distance and sliding velocity. The results are predicted using neural network and also compared with the experimental and regression model data. Abraded surfaces are examined by the SEM to ascertain the different wear mechanisms responsible for abrasion loss of material.
With the introduction of novel super cutting hard tool materials the innovative hard part turning... more With the introduction of novel super cutting hard tool materials the innovative hard part turning process has cogently replaced by conventional grinding operations. Coatings have a deep-seated effect on cutting output characteristics. Coated tools can diminish considerably the coefficient of friction tends to minimisation of machining forces and surface machined roughness of the work even at more cutting paces. Evolution of the cutting practice has been convoyed by the continuous growth of cutting tool performance because of evolution of thin coatings that providing significant characteristics for every cutting setting. The layer on tool acts as imperative pillar in enhancing the wear resistance. Moreover, the cutting tool characteristics can be advanced during exploiting the coating layer Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) or Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) of Titanium nitride (TiN), Titanium Carbonitride (TiCN), Titanium Aluminium Nitride (TiAlN), Aluminium Chromium Nitride (AlCrN) etc. This take stock summarizes the properties of PVD and CVD multilayer coating and further identification of research challenges from the perspective of cutting tool technology related with tribological phenomena. High strength low alloy steels (HSLA), for instance, AISI 4340 steel are extensively used in automotive, defence and aerospace scenario. In view of attaining better process efficiency, this report will map out the tool characteristics that can be practically fill the window for the researchers to accomplish further investigation on the machining performance of this alloy steel.
Ad hoc networks works on wireless networks for communication among mobile devices. In wireless ad... more Ad hoc networks works on wireless networks for communication among mobile devices. In wireless ad hoc network multimedia data transmission has more importance because of its highly varying bandwidth. In the wireless network, the major problem is resource allocation. In this paper we discuss an approach OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access). This approach will act for real-time (RT) and best-effort (BE) services over a wireless channel. The purpose of this approach is to achieve maximum system throughput and minimum transmission delay as better quality of service (QoS) requirements. We will take required average transmission rate for both RT and BE services that will effectively control the variation in transmission rates and RT packet delays. The optimization problem representing the resource allocation will overcome applying the dual optimization technique. Simulation results will be compared with existing algorithms.
Sign language recognition is helpful in communication between signing people and non-signing peop... more Sign language recognition is helpful in communication between signing people and non-signing people. Various research projects are in progress on different sign language recognition systems worldwide. The research is limited to a particular country as there are country wide variations available. The idea of this project is to design a system that can interpret the Indian sign language in the domain of numerals accurately so that the less fortunate people will be able to communicate with the outside world without need of an interpreter in public places like railway stations, banks, etc. The research presented here describes a system for automatic recognition of Indian sign language of numeric signs which are in the form of isolated images, in which only a regular camera was used to acquire the signs. To use the project in real environment, first we created a numeric sign database containing 5000 signs, 500 images per numeral sign. Direct pixel value and hierarchical centroid techniqu...
Sign language recognition is a topic of current research in Computer Science and Engineering fiel... more Sign language recognition is a topic of current research in Computer Science and Engineering field. This application will be a boost to the deaf and hard hearing people. They are not able to use the computers and other hand held devices as it is very difficult for them to interact with such devices. So, in this area a lot of research is going on to help them. In India, either no standard database is available to carry research in this area and or no systems are available for them. In the proposed research we will try to develop a system for hard hearing and physically challenged persons. Here we present an overview of current research dimension in national and international scenario.
Mouth dissolving tablets are gaining more demand and popularity from last few years since these d... more Mouth dissolving tablets are gaining more demand and popularity from last few years since these dosage forms when placed in the mouth disperse readily in the saliva and thus make it easy to swallow for geriatric and pediatric patients. This experimental study was performed to formulate and develop Repaglinide mouth dissolving tablet which shall be helpful for these patients and shall increase the patient compliance. Polacrilin Potassium was be used as a super disintegrant that was found better as compared to Croscarmellose sodium in the development of Mouth dissolving tablet of Repaglinide because of their smaller particle size, the high rate of swelling. Moreover, colloidal silicon dioxide when used intragranularly makes the granules more porous for water penetration and acted as an effective disintegrant for the tablet. A quantity of Poloxamer as surfactant/solubilizing agent, Polacrilin potassium as the disintegrant and Magnesium stearate as lubricant plays an important role in t...
International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies, 2021
In recent years, machining of hard-to-cut metals by hard turning process is an embryonic technolo... more In recent years, machining of hard-to-cut metals by hard turning process is an embryonic technology for machining industry and research development. Hard turning is generally defined as the material removal process of hardened steel having hardness greater than 45 HRC. The current research presents a comparative hard turning investigation on EN 31 (56 ± 1 HRC) grade steel using physical vapor deposition (PVD) coated carbide tool under dry and wet cooling. The selection of a better cooling strategy among dry and wet cooling was based on the value of obtained surface roughness (Ra) and material removal rate (MRR) in hard turning. Wet cooling exhibited better performance over dry cutting as lower Ra and greater MRR are achieved with wet cooling. Further, considering Taguchi L16 orthogonal array, hard turning experiments were executed in wet cooling and responses like surface roughness (Ra), material removal rate (MRR), and diameter error were studied. Further, the Grey-fuzzy hybrid op...
According to a well-known proverb saying, the Indian peasant is born in debt, lives in debt and d... more According to a well-known proverb saying, the Indian peasant is born in debt, lives in debt and dies in debt. The mass illiteracy of Indian people in general and rural people, in particular, compounded the problems of agricultural credit with around 70 to 80 percent of the farmers being illiteracy. This study throws light on various issues and challenges that are currently facing by the rural farmers and possible solution thereof. Further, this study also throws light on the exact cause of farmers’ suicide & possible solution for the prevention of the farmer’s suicide which is a big problem in the current scenario. This also justifies the possible phenomenon for the overall upliftment in agricultural production and development. In the rural areas of India, where almost a third of the working population is in the agriculture sector, farmer earnings are so low that they sometimes cannot even meet minimum needs for their families.
In almost all countries, classroom teaching has been suspended from mid March 2020 and currently ... more In almost all countries, classroom teaching has been suspended from mid March 2020 and currently no fresh dates have been announced by Governments to start the date. In view of this, almost all educational institutions in India are offering a variety of alternative teaching learning platforms to their students, whether Government run Institutions or privately run Institutions. The Institutions also conducted or planning to conduct their internal or final examinations through various platforms. In this paper, a number of online options for teaching and evaluation are discussed. The study is limited to India and discussion of software based platforms, whether web based or mobile apps based are considered. The research is limited to higher education sector specifically in undergraduate engineering education.
Journal of Technology Management for Growing Economies, 2019
Consumer price index (CPI) a popular economic indicator for India that represents the prices paid... more Consumer price index (CPI) a popular economic indicator for India that represents the prices paid by customers for goods and services consumedby them.CPI is often used as an economic indicator that reflects the change in prices of goods and services over a period of time. In this work an attempt has been made to develop a forecasting model for India’s CPI for the period of May to December 2018. The data used in this work is the all-India CPI data for the period January 2013 - April 2018. SPSS Expert Modeler method has been used to fit the models and analyzing the data.
International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, 2017
The present study investigates performance and feasibility of application of low cost cemented ca... more The present study investigates performance and feasibility of application of low cost cemented carbide insert in dry machining of AISI 52100 steel hardened to (55 ± 1 HRC) which is rarely researched as far as machining of bearing steel is concerned. Machinability studies i.e. flank wear, surface roughness and morphology analysis of chip has been investigated and statistical regression modeling has been developed. The test has been conducted based on Taguchi L16 OA taking machining parameters like cutting speed, feed and depth of cut. It is observed that uncoated cemented carbide insert performs well at some selected runs (Run 1, 5 and 9) which show its feasibility for hard turning applications. The developed serrated saw tooth chip of burnt blue colour adversely affects the surface quality. Adequacy of the developed statistical regression model has been checked using ANOVA analysis (depending on F value, P value and R 2 value) and normal probability plot at 95% confidence level. The results of optimal parametric combinations may be adopted while turning hardened AISI 52100 steel under dry environment with uncoated cemented carbide insert.
international journal of industrial engineering computations, 2014
This paper presents an experimental investigation on cutting temperature during hard turning of E... more This paper presents an experimental investigation on cutting temperature during hard turning of EN 24 steel (50 HRC) using TiN coated carbide insert under dry environment. The prediction model is developed using response surface methodology and optimization of process parameter is performed by desirability approach. A stiff rise in cutting temperature is noticed when feed and cutting speed are elevated. The effect of depth of cut on cutting temperature is not that much significant compared with cutting speed and feed as observed from main effects plot. The response surface second order model presented high correlation coefficient (R 2 = 0.992) explaining 99.2 % of the variability in the cutting temperature which indicates the goodness of fit for the model to the actual data and high statistical significance of the model. The experimental and predicted values are very close to each other. The calculated error for cutting temperature lies between 1.88-3.19 % during confirmation trial. Therefore, the developed second order model correlates the relationship of the cutting temperature with the process parameters with good degree of approximation. The optimal combination for process parameter is depth of cut at 0.2mm, feed of 0.1597 mm/rev and cutting speed of 70m/min. Based on these combination, the value of cutting temperature is 302.95 0 C whose desirability is one.
International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, 2011
This paper presents the experimental study, development of mathematical model and parametric opti... more This paper presents the experimental study, development of mathematical model and parametric optimization for surface roughness in turning D2 steel using TiN coated carbide insert using Taguchi parameter design and response surface methodology. The experimental plan and analysis was based on the Taguchi L 27 orthogonal array taking cutting speed (v), feed (f) and depth of cut (d) as important cutting parameters. The influence of the machining parameters on the surface finish has also been investigated and the optimum cutting condition for minimizing the surface roughness is evaluated. The optimal parametric combination for TiN coated cutting insert is found to be v3-f1-d3. The ANOVA result shows that feed the most significant process parameter on surface roughness followed by depth of cut. The cutting speed is found to be insignificant from the study. The RSM model shows good accuracy between predicted values and experimental values with 95% confidence intervals and adequate. It is concluded that the developed RSM model can be effectively utilized to predict the surface roughness in turning D2 steel.
A trend in the tool and die making industry is seen towards using highly wear-resistant and extre... more A trend in the tool and die making industry is seen towards using highly wear-resistant and extremely hard dies for stamping and forming operations, which are made of tungsten carbides. The limiting factor to manufacture such dies is the poor machinability of these materials. In this paper orthogonal cutting tests on different tungsten carbides with diamond-coated tungsten carbides tools were carried out. It was observed that ductile cutting of tungsten carbides is possible. The influence of different tungsten carbide grades on specific cutting forces with variable process parameters was evaluated in this paper.
Low cost machining puts tremendous pressure on the research in machining hardened steel compared ... more Low cost machining puts tremendous pressure on the research in machining hardened steel compared to traditional grinding. As environmental regulations are strict enough on application of cutting fluids, a novel method called spray impingement cooling (SIC) assisted hard turning has been studied. The current work explores the distinguish wear modes, surface characteristics, chip-tool interface temperature and chip morphology in turning of AISI D2 steel by coated carbide tools (TiN/TiCN/Al 2 O 3 /TiN). The results revealed the favorable chip tool interaction during machining in context to surface roughness, surface topology, flank wear, chip morphology, chip reduction coefficient and tool life. In the SIC, evaporation occurred due to atomization of water jet and sufficient to generate significant cooling as maximum temperature has been found as 200.6 0 C. Modes of wear like abrasion, chipping and catastrophic breakage are noticed at tool-tip in hard turning. The optimal settings of parameters are founds as ap1-fn1-vc2 i.e. depth of cut-0.1 mm; feed-0.04 mm/rev; cutting speed-108 m/min. At these parametric conditions, the measured tool life is found as 20.3 minutes.
This article presents the abrasion wear behaviour of different industrial wastes filled glass/pol... more This article presents the abrasion wear behaviour of different industrial wastes filled glass/polyester composites. Two types of fillers such as fly ash and granite dust are chosen with different weight proportions along with polyester and glass fiber for fabricating the composite using hand layup route. Abrasion wear properties of the developed composites are studied in the dry sand abrasion wear test rig as per the ASTM-G-65 standard. The experiments were conducted based on Taguchi design. Between the two fillers, granite filled composite showed better abrasion resistance property as compared with fly ash. Normal load and filler content are found to be the most influential factor for the abrasion loss of the composites followed by abrading distance and sliding velocity. The results are predicted using neural network and also compared with the experimental and regression model data. Abraded surfaces are examined by the SEM to ascertain the different wear mechanisms responsible for abrasion loss of material.
With the introduction of novel super cutting hard tool materials the innovative hard part turning... more With the introduction of novel super cutting hard tool materials the innovative hard part turning process has cogently replaced by conventional grinding operations. Coatings have a deep-seated effect on cutting output characteristics. Coated tools can diminish considerably the coefficient of friction tends to minimisation of machining forces and surface machined roughness of the work even at more cutting paces. Evolution of the cutting practice has been convoyed by the continuous growth of cutting tool performance because of evolution of thin coatings that providing significant characteristics for every cutting setting. The layer on tool acts as imperative pillar in enhancing the wear resistance. Moreover, the cutting tool characteristics can be advanced during exploiting the coating layer Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) or Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) of Titanium nitride (TiN), Titanium Carbonitride (TiCN), Titanium Aluminium Nitride (TiAlN), Aluminium Chromium Nitride (AlCrN) etc. This take stock summarizes the properties of PVD and CVD multilayer coating and further identification of research challenges from the perspective of cutting tool technology related with tribological phenomena. High strength low alloy steels (HSLA), for instance, AISI 4340 steel are extensively used in automotive, defence and aerospace scenario. In view of attaining better process efficiency, this report will map out the tool characteristics that can be practically fill the window for the researchers to accomplish further investigation on the machining performance of this alloy steel.
Ad hoc networks works on wireless networks for communication among mobile devices. In wireless ad... more Ad hoc networks works on wireless networks for communication among mobile devices. In wireless ad hoc network multimedia data transmission has more importance because of its highly varying bandwidth. In the wireless network, the major problem is resource allocation. In this paper we discuss an approach OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access). This approach will act for real-time (RT) and best-effort (BE) services over a wireless channel. The purpose of this approach is to achieve maximum system throughput and minimum transmission delay as better quality of service (QoS) requirements. We will take required average transmission rate for both RT and BE services that will effectively control the variation in transmission rates and RT packet delays. The optimization problem representing the resource allocation will overcome applying the dual optimization technique. Simulation results will be compared with existing algorithms.
Sign language recognition is helpful in communication between signing people and non-signing peop... more Sign language recognition is helpful in communication between signing people and non-signing people. Various research projects are in progress on different sign language recognition systems worldwide. The research is limited to a particular country as there are country wide variations available. The idea of this project is to design a system that can interpret the Indian sign language in the domain of numerals accurately so that the less fortunate people will be able to communicate with the outside world without need of an interpreter in public places like railway stations, banks, etc. The research presented here describes a system for automatic recognition of Indian sign language of numeric signs which are in the form of isolated images, in which only a regular camera was used to acquire the signs. To use the project in real environment, first we created a numeric sign database containing 5000 signs, 500 images per numeral sign. Direct pixel value and hierarchical centroid techniqu...
Sign language recognition is a topic of current research in Computer Science and Engineering fiel... more Sign language recognition is a topic of current research in Computer Science and Engineering field. This application will be a boost to the deaf and hard hearing people. They are not able to use the computers and other hand held devices as it is very difficult for them to interact with such devices. So, in this area a lot of research is going on to help them. In India, either no standard database is available to carry research in this area and or no systems are available for them. In the proposed research we will try to develop a system for hard hearing and physically challenged persons. Here we present an overview of current research dimension in national and international scenario.
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