This present study demonstrated the preparation of a highly crystalline anatase (ana) form of tit... more This present study demonstrated the preparation of a highly crystalline anatase (ana) form of titanium oxide (TiO2) doped silk nanocrystal (SNC) nanohybrid (ana-TCS) of diameter (7.5 ± 1.4 nm) by the sol–gel method using titanium (IV) butoxide as the hydrolysis material. This prepared nanohybrid with surface hydroxyl groups acted as a co-initiator for the synthesis of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA)-g-ana-TSC nanocomposite with grafted PLLA chains via the in situ polymerization technique, using tin-octoate as a catalyst. The fabricated nanocomposite had a high number average molecular weight of 83 kDa with good processibility. This prepared nanocomposite was hydrophobic in nature, with a contact angle of 105°, which was further enhanced to 122 ± 1° when processed via electrospinning technique into a non-woven fabric. The prepared nanocomposite could degrade up to 43% methylene blue dye in 15 days. This nanocomposite showed no significant molecular weight reduction after 1 h of aqeous tre...
Reducing power activities of ten vegetables commonly consumed in Katsina State, Nigeria have been... more Reducing power activities of ten vegetables commonly consumed in Katsina State, Nigeria have been assessed with the view of establishing their antioxidant capacities. Preliminary, the phytochemicals of the individual plants were screened, and it was found that various constituents were present. In particular, flavonoids and anthraquinones were found in Ficus glumosa which also appeared to demonstrate the best reducing power activity (4.898 at 25 mg/L).
Amino acids (AAs) play significant roles in metal binding, antioxidant defense, and signaling in ... more Amino acids (AAs) play significant roles in metal binding, antioxidant defense, and signaling in plants during heavy metal stress. In the present study, the essential amino acids (EAAs), non-essential amino acids (NEAAs), as well as the enzymes of proline and cysteine biosynthetic pathways were studied in contrasting arsenic accumulating rice genotypes grown in hydroponic solutions with addition of arsenate (As V) or arsenite (As III). Under a mild As stress, the total AAs content significantly increased in both the rice genotypes with a greater increase in a low As accumulating rice genotype (LAARG; IET-19226) than in a high As accumulating rice genotype (HAARG; BRG-12). At the equimolar concentration (10 µM), As III had a greater effect on EAAs than As V. Conversely, As V was more effective in inducing a proline accumulation than As III. Among NEAAs, As significantly induced the accumulation of histidine, aspartic acid, and serine. In contrast, a higher As concentration (50 µM) reduced the content of most AAs, the effect being more prominent during As III exposure. The inhibition of glutamate kinase activity was noticed in HAARG, conversely, serine acetyltransferase and cysteine synthase activities were increased which was positively correlated with the cysteine synthesis.
ABSTRACTThe spectral and kinetic properties of photoluminescence of Pb2+ aggregated phase in CsC1... more ABSTRACTThe spectral and kinetic properties of photoluminescence of Pb2+ aggregated phase in CsC1 host, together with scintillation characteristics of CsCI:Pb crystals, are reported in the 10 - 300 K temperature range. Absorption, steady-state excitation and emission spectra of Pb2+ phase in CsCI host are similar to those of CsPbCl3 bulk crystal (emission peak at 419 nm at 10 K). The decay of the 421 nm luminescence of the Pb2+ phase in CsCl shows single exponential behavior with extremely short decay time of 40 ps at 421 nm and 10 K,which is considerably shorter than the decay times found in the decay of CsPbCl3 bulk emission (0.45, 2.8 and 12 ns at 418 nm and 10 K). In the scintillation decay of CsCI:Pb, two components with 0.95-1 ns and 2-3 ns decay times were found and no slower component is present at room temperature.
Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the extent to which pretreatment with micr... more Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the extent to which pretreatment with microneedles can enhance skin permeation of nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo. Permeation of live bacteria, which are physically nanoparticles or microparticles, through mouse skin pretreated with microneedles was also studied to evaluate the potential risk of microbial infection. Methods and results: It was found that pretreatment of mouse skin with microneedles allowed permeation of solid lipid nanoparticles, size 230 nm, with ovalbumin conjugated on their surface. Transcutaneous immunization in a mouse skin area pretreated with microneedles with ovalbumin nanoparticles induced a stronger antiovalbumin antibody response than using ovalbumin alone. The dose of ovalbumin antigen determined whether microneedle-mediated transcutaneous immunization with ovalbumin nanoparticles induced a stronger immune response than subcutaneous injection of the same ovalbumin nanoparticles. Microneedle treatment permitted skin permeation of live Escherichia coli, but the extent of the permeation was not greater than that enabled by hypodermic injection. Conclusion: Transcutaneous immunization on a microneedle-treated skin area with antigens carried by nanoparticles can potentially induce a strong immune response, and the risk of bacterial infection associated with microneedle treatment is no greater than that with a hypodermic injection.
Toxic metal(loid) contamination of soil and sediment poses long term risk to soil and human healt... more Toxic metal(loid) contamination of soil and sediment poses long term risk to soil and human health through plant-human or plant-animal-human food chain pathways. Iron plaque (IP) formation is frequent in aquatic and wetland plant species and is responsible for the sequestration of various metal(loids). The presence of IP may act as a buffer or barrier and may thus enhance or reduce the uptake of potentially phytotoxic metals and metalloids by plants. If IP acts as a barrier, then low IP producing macrophytes/aquatic plants may be better accumulators of toxic metals and may find use in constructed wetlands for remediation of pollutants, while high IP forming edible plant species could be safer for human consumption. Conversely, if IP acts as a buffer for mineral nutrients and toxic elements then those cultivars may be rich in nutrients, but may also cause toxicity. However, an ecotoxicological risk is also inevitable if IP rich macrophyte roots containing heavy metals are consumed by herbivores. In this review, we summarize the current understanding about the role of IP in metal and metalloid sequestration, uptake, and transport. Furthermore, we will address the role of root IP in Oryza sativa for arsenic (As) sequestration leading to lower grain As translocation, reducing the risk of human exposure.
Undoped and aluminium (Al)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods have been synthesized by electrochemic... more Undoped and aluminium (Al)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods have been synthesized by electrochemical route. The synthesized materials have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectrometer and scanning electron microscope. The Al-doped ZnO nanorods have been coated with polyvinyl alcohol. Currentvoltage characteristics have been investigated in dark and under UV-light illumination. Aluminium doping in ZnO increase its electrical conductivity and further polyvinyl alcohol coating on Al-doped ZnO increase UV sensitivity of the material. Response and recovery time of Al-doped ZnO and PVA-coated Al-doped ZnO nanorods have been recorded. PVA-coated Al-doped ZnO nanorods shows very fast response and recovery time of 10 s in comparison to uncoated ZnO (20 min) nanorods.
The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users ar... more The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record.
Objectives Depot formulation as a carrier for cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs is not well studie... more Objectives Depot formulation as a carrier for cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs is not well studied. The objective of this study is to test the feasibility of using a subcutaneous depot formulation to administer a cytotoxic anti-cancer drug for systemic therapy. Methods A fatty-acid amide prodrug of the nucleoside analogue gemcitabine (4-(N)-stearoyl gemcitabine (GemC18)) was incorporated into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles or microspheres. A GemC18 solution was used as a control. The anti-tumour activity was evaluated after subcutaneous injection of the different formulations in C57BL/6 mice with pre-established model tumours. The clearance of GemC18 from the injection site was determined by measuring the percentage of GemC18 remaining at the injection site at different times after the injection. Key findings The depot formulation based on the GemC18-loaded PLGA nanoparticles showed the strongest anti-tumour effect, likely due to the proper ‘release’ of GemC18 fr...
The Amino acids are crucial to plant growth and are also the first point of affect due to stress.... more The Amino acids are crucial to plant growth and are also the first point of affect due to stress. The tolerance in plants to various stresses is also controlled by amino acids. The amino acidsproline, cysteine and glycine which are the special cases structurally are known to be induced under stress primarily. Certain other amino acids like histidine and glutamic acid are also induced under certain abiotic stresses. Proline and cysteine are the dominant amino acids involved in stress tolerance. Proline has been reported to accumulate in tissues/organs of plants subjected to various abiotic stresses including heavy metal toxicity and appears to be a preferred organic osmoticum for many plants. Under stress like drought, salinity and heavy metal, oxidative stress is produced. Proline acts as nonenzymatic antioxidants and help plant tolerate stress. Cysteine and glycine are important components of plant chelators, which help in lowering the toxicity of metals on the other hand. Total amino acid contents as a whole may degrade in sensitive species hinting towards metabolic dys-regulation and senescence either caused by the metal directly and oxidative stress caused thereby or also due to some signalling molecules induced by the stress action. While in tolerant species several stress related amino acids may get induced more, leading to enhanced tolerance to stress. Therefore, amino acid metabolic changes play a key role in understanding the tolerance in plants against abiotic stress.
Hydroxyterminated polybutadiene (HTPB) based porous polyurethaneurea (PUU) membranes were prepare... more Hydroxyterminated polybutadiene (HTPB) based porous polyurethaneurea (PUU) membranes were prepared. The porosity was developed by incorporation of lithium chloride into polymer matrix with subsequent leaching of the same in hot water. Scanning electron microscopic analysis of the prepared membrane surfaces was performed. The pervaporation performance of the synthesized membrane was studied with aqueous 4-nitrophenol solution as feed. The effects of various parameters on 4-nitrophenol separation factor and total as well as 4-nitrophenol flux were studied. Polyurethaneurea membrane was found to permeate 4-nitrophenol selectively with high separation factors for the organic component. Pore size and number of pores on the surface of the membrane were calculated from SEM image of the membranes. Effects of pore size and porosity on pervaporation flux were also investigated.
Background Stroke is the second most common cause of death and disability worldwide. It is a mult... more Background Stroke is the second most common cause of death and disability worldwide. It is a multi-factorial disease influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Studies from the different ethnic regions of world have reported variable results on association of Apolioprotein E (APOE), Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (ENOS), Factor V Leiden (F5), Cytochrome P450 4F2 (CYP4F2), beta-fibrinogen and Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) gene in stroke. There has been substantial evidence from the European descent genetic studies showing that genetic risk of stroke varies as per specific subtypes of ischemic stroke. This study aims to test the hypothesis that above mentioned encoding gene polymorphisms are associated with stroke and to determine whether risk varies as per specific subtypes of stroke. Methods/Design The study design would be case–control study. Six hundred cases with diagnosis of stroke and 600 age and sex matched controls wil...
A mathematical model of isoelectric focusing at the steady state has been developed for an M-comp... more A mathematical model of isoelectric focusing at the steady state has been developed for an M-component system of electrachemically defined ampholytes. The model is formulated from fundamental principles describing the components' chemical equilibria, mass transfer resulting from diffusion and electromigration, and electroneutrality. The model consists of ordinary differential equations coupled with a system of algebraic equations. The model is implemented on a digital computer using FORTRAN-based simulation software. Computer simulation data are presented for several two-component systems showing the effects of varying the isoelectric points and dissociation constants of the constituents. I _ Introduction In isoelectric focusing (IEF) a stable "natural" pH gradient is created by electrophoretic migration of carrier ampholytes to stationary zones in the separation column. Ampholytic sample components introduced in the system distribute themselves on the pH gradient so that they exhibit concentration maxima at their respective isoelectric points. The initial theory of steady-state IEF is attributable to Svensson [I] and was developed in conjunction with the introduction of the technique_ Svensson addressed the one-component system, i.e., the concentration distribution of a pure end-component, and also the concentration distribution of an ampholytic component added to a system whose pH and conductance are known as a function of the distance along the separation axis. Subsequent considerations of the theory of IEF have commonly assumed stable linear pH and conductivity gradients [2-6] _ Such systems can be experimentally approximated as a result of * Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. M. Bier. Vesterberg's [7] development of a random mixture of carrier ampholytes, commercially introduced by LKB Produkter AB of Bromma, Sweden, under the tradename Ampholine. The wide applicability and ready availability of Ampholine and other similar products have assured the remarkable growth of various IEF techniques. Unfortunately, they have also dampened the stimulus for further development of the theory of steady state IEF, as their composition and electrochemical properties are unknown. The most advanced model hitherto available is due to Ahngren [8] _ Unfortunately, some of the simplifying assumptions have limited the applicability of this model. These assumptions were: (i) the mobilities of all components of the mixture, except hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, are identical: the ratio of hydrogen and hydroxyl ion mobilities to mobilities of the remaining species is constant, i.e., 7 and 3 respectively; (ii) the current density is proportional to the conductivity and the voltage gradient, i.e., the contribution of diffusional current is neglected. This latter assumption might be justitied in specific situations but is no: valid in many practical situations, particularly involv-0 301-4622/81/0000-0000/S 2.50 0 North-Holland Publishing Company
Abstract Emerging issues such as climate change, ozone layer depletion and global warming have dr... more Abstract Emerging issues such as climate change, ozone layer depletion and global warming have driven policy makers to put a cap on the emission of pollutants through various legislations. Policies and legislations are the most important instrument for the proper functioning of any sector of society. Through legislative framework and regulatory policies, the fissure between the 'natural environment' and 'human society' can be bridged, which is the need of the hour in order that sustainable development and protection of the environment can progress in parallel. Legislation serves as a valuable tool for educating institutions about their responsibility in maintaining a healthy environment. Legislation has already been put forth at national and international levels but its proper implementation and enforcement has gone unseen. Witnessing the present scenario, more stringent laws need to be framed, especially by global leaders. This chapter highlights the importance of laws and policies and their role in reducing air pollution. It also critically analyses various regulatory measures and policies in the most polluted countries of the world, and what has been achieved through treaties and conventions organized by the United Nations, such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Montreal Protocol.
International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development, 2020
This research was planned to ascertain to explore the relationship of self esteem towards life sa... more This research was planned to ascertain to explore the relationship of self esteem towards life satisfaction and emotional Intelligence amongst secondary school teachers of Mathura district (U.P.). The research employed normative survey method and convenience sampling technique for the purpose of investigation. The investigator used for measuring self
Background: A good research project may run the risk of rejection simply because the proposal is ... more Background: A good research project may run the risk of rejection simply because the proposal is poorly written. With the current challenges in funding, it appears essential for senior investigators to impart their grant proposal writing expertise to junior investigators. Objective: To determine if the perceived gain in research proposal writing skills is more in those with lower baseline skill than in those with higher baseline skill. Methods: A one day workshop on “How to Write a Research Grant Proposal” was organized in All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS). A total of 55 participants participated in the workshop. We received 36 completed evaluation forms out of 55 participants. All the participants were newly joined faculties of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. At the end of the workshop, pre-tested evaluation forms were distributed among the workshop participants consisting of eight questions. Statistical analysis of perceived improvement of ...
3D IC technology has demonstrated significant performance and power gains over 2D. However, for t... more 3D IC technology has demonstrated significant performance and power gains over 2D. However, for technology to be viable yield should be increased. Testing a complete 3D IC after stacking leads to an exponential decay in yield. Pre-bond tests are required to insure correct functionality of the die. In this work we propose a hypergraph based biased netlist partitioning scheme scheme for pre-bond testing of individual dies to reduce extra-hardware (flip-flops) required. Further reduction in hardware is achieved by a logic cone based flip-flop sharing scheme. Simulation results on ISCAS89 benchmark circuits and several industrial benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
... 4, Pt. A, spring, New York (1978) p.126. [14] Poonam Uniyal and KL Yadav, J. Alloys Compd. 49... more ... 4, Pt. A, spring, New York (1978) p.126. [14] Poonam Uniyal and KL Yadav, J. Alloys Compd. 492 (2010) 406. [15] Amit Kumar, KL Yadav, Hemant Singh, Ratnakar Pandu and P. Ravinder Reddy, Physica B 405 (2010) 2362. ...
This present study demonstrated the preparation of a highly crystalline anatase (ana) form of tit... more This present study demonstrated the preparation of a highly crystalline anatase (ana) form of titanium oxide (TiO2) doped silk nanocrystal (SNC) nanohybrid (ana-TCS) of diameter (7.5 ± 1.4 nm) by the sol–gel method using titanium (IV) butoxide as the hydrolysis material. This prepared nanohybrid with surface hydroxyl groups acted as a co-initiator for the synthesis of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA)-g-ana-TSC nanocomposite with grafted PLLA chains via the in situ polymerization technique, using tin-octoate as a catalyst. The fabricated nanocomposite had a high number average molecular weight of 83 kDa with good processibility. This prepared nanocomposite was hydrophobic in nature, with a contact angle of 105°, which was further enhanced to 122 ± 1° when processed via electrospinning technique into a non-woven fabric. The prepared nanocomposite could degrade up to 43% methylene blue dye in 15 days. This nanocomposite showed no significant molecular weight reduction after 1 h of aqeous tre...
Reducing power activities of ten vegetables commonly consumed in Katsina State, Nigeria have been... more Reducing power activities of ten vegetables commonly consumed in Katsina State, Nigeria have been assessed with the view of establishing their antioxidant capacities. Preliminary, the phytochemicals of the individual plants were screened, and it was found that various constituents were present. In particular, flavonoids and anthraquinones were found in Ficus glumosa which also appeared to demonstrate the best reducing power activity (4.898 at 25 mg/L).
Amino acids (AAs) play significant roles in metal binding, antioxidant defense, and signaling in ... more Amino acids (AAs) play significant roles in metal binding, antioxidant defense, and signaling in plants during heavy metal stress. In the present study, the essential amino acids (EAAs), non-essential amino acids (NEAAs), as well as the enzymes of proline and cysteine biosynthetic pathways were studied in contrasting arsenic accumulating rice genotypes grown in hydroponic solutions with addition of arsenate (As V) or arsenite (As III). Under a mild As stress, the total AAs content significantly increased in both the rice genotypes with a greater increase in a low As accumulating rice genotype (LAARG; IET-19226) than in a high As accumulating rice genotype (HAARG; BRG-12). At the equimolar concentration (10 µM), As III had a greater effect on EAAs than As V. Conversely, As V was more effective in inducing a proline accumulation than As III. Among NEAAs, As significantly induced the accumulation of histidine, aspartic acid, and serine. In contrast, a higher As concentration (50 µM) reduced the content of most AAs, the effect being more prominent during As III exposure. The inhibition of glutamate kinase activity was noticed in HAARG, conversely, serine acetyltransferase and cysteine synthase activities were increased which was positively correlated with the cysteine synthesis.
ABSTRACTThe spectral and kinetic properties of photoluminescence of Pb2+ aggregated phase in CsC1... more ABSTRACTThe spectral and kinetic properties of photoluminescence of Pb2+ aggregated phase in CsC1 host, together with scintillation characteristics of CsCI:Pb crystals, are reported in the 10 - 300 K temperature range. Absorption, steady-state excitation and emission spectra of Pb2+ phase in CsCI host are similar to those of CsPbCl3 bulk crystal (emission peak at 419 nm at 10 K). The decay of the 421 nm luminescence of the Pb2+ phase in CsCl shows single exponential behavior with extremely short decay time of 40 ps at 421 nm and 10 K,which is considerably shorter than the decay times found in the decay of CsPbCl3 bulk emission (0.45, 2.8 and 12 ns at 418 nm and 10 K). In the scintillation decay of CsCI:Pb, two components with 0.95-1 ns and 2-3 ns decay times were found and no slower component is present at room temperature.
Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the extent to which pretreatment with micr... more Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the extent to which pretreatment with microneedles can enhance skin permeation of nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo. Permeation of live bacteria, which are physically nanoparticles or microparticles, through mouse skin pretreated with microneedles was also studied to evaluate the potential risk of microbial infection. Methods and results: It was found that pretreatment of mouse skin with microneedles allowed permeation of solid lipid nanoparticles, size 230 nm, with ovalbumin conjugated on their surface. Transcutaneous immunization in a mouse skin area pretreated with microneedles with ovalbumin nanoparticles induced a stronger antiovalbumin antibody response than using ovalbumin alone. The dose of ovalbumin antigen determined whether microneedle-mediated transcutaneous immunization with ovalbumin nanoparticles induced a stronger immune response than subcutaneous injection of the same ovalbumin nanoparticles. Microneedle treatment permitted skin permeation of live Escherichia coli, but the extent of the permeation was not greater than that enabled by hypodermic injection. Conclusion: Transcutaneous immunization on a microneedle-treated skin area with antigens carried by nanoparticles can potentially induce a strong immune response, and the risk of bacterial infection associated with microneedle treatment is no greater than that with a hypodermic injection.
Toxic metal(loid) contamination of soil and sediment poses long term risk to soil and human healt... more Toxic metal(loid) contamination of soil and sediment poses long term risk to soil and human health through plant-human or plant-animal-human food chain pathways. Iron plaque (IP) formation is frequent in aquatic and wetland plant species and is responsible for the sequestration of various metal(loids). The presence of IP may act as a buffer or barrier and may thus enhance or reduce the uptake of potentially phytotoxic metals and metalloids by plants. If IP acts as a barrier, then low IP producing macrophytes/aquatic plants may be better accumulators of toxic metals and may find use in constructed wetlands for remediation of pollutants, while high IP forming edible plant species could be safer for human consumption. Conversely, if IP acts as a buffer for mineral nutrients and toxic elements then those cultivars may be rich in nutrients, but may also cause toxicity. However, an ecotoxicological risk is also inevitable if IP rich macrophyte roots containing heavy metals are consumed by herbivores. In this review, we summarize the current understanding about the role of IP in metal and metalloid sequestration, uptake, and transport. Furthermore, we will address the role of root IP in Oryza sativa for arsenic (As) sequestration leading to lower grain As translocation, reducing the risk of human exposure.
Undoped and aluminium (Al)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods have been synthesized by electrochemic... more Undoped and aluminium (Al)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods have been synthesized by electrochemical route. The synthesized materials have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectrometer and scanning electron microscope. The Al-doped ZnO nanorods have been coated with polyvinyl alcohol. Currentvoltage characteristics have been investigated in dark and under UV-light illumination. Aluminium doping in ZnO increase its electrical conductivity and further polyvinyl alcohol coating on Al-doped ZnO increase UV sensitivity of the material. Response and recovery time of Al-doped ZnO and PVA-coated Al-doped ZnO nanorods have been recorded. PVA-coated Al-doped ZnO nanorods shows very fast response and recovery time of 10 s in comparison to uncoated ZnO (20 min) nanorods.
The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users ar... more The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record.
Objectives Depot formulation as a carrier for cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs is not well studie... more Objectives Depot formulation as a carrier for cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs is not well studied. The objective of this study is to test the feasibility of using a subcutaneous depot formulation to administer a cytotoxic anti-cancer drug for systemic therapy. Methods A fatty-acid amide prodrug of the nucleoside analogue gemcitabine (4-(N)-stearoyl gemcitabine (GemC18)) was incorporated into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles or microspheres. A GemC18 solution was used as a control. The anti-tumour activity was evaluated after subcutaneous injection of the different formulations in C57BL/6 mice with pre-established model tumours. The clearance of GemC18 from the injection site was determined by measuring the percentage of GemC18 remaining at the injection site at different times after the injection. Key findings The depot formulation based on the GemC18-loaded PLGA nanoparticles showed the strongest anti-tumour effect, likely due to the proper ‘release’ of GemC18 fr...
The Amino acids are crucial to plant growth and are also the first point of affect due to stress.... more The Amino acids are crucial to plant growth and are also the first point of affect due to stress. The tolerance in plants to various stresses is also controlled by amino acids. The amino acidsproline, cysteine and glycine which are the special cases structurally are known to be induced under stress primarily. Certain other amino acids like histidine and glutamic acid are also induced under certain abiotic stresses. Proline and cysteine are the dominant amino acids involved in stress tolerance. Proline has been reported to accumulate in tissues/organs of plants subjected to various abiotic stresses including heavy metal toxicity and appears to be a preferred organic osmoticum for many plants. Under stress like drought, salinity and heavy metal, oxidative stress is produced. Proline acts as nonenzymatic antioxidants and help plant tolerate stress. Cysteine and glycine are important components of plant chelators, which help in lowering the toxicity of metals on the other hand. Total amino acid contents as a whole may degrade in sensitive species hinting towards metabolic dys-regulation and senescence either caused by the metal directly and oxidative stress caused thereby or also due to some signalling molecules induced by the stress action. While in tolerant species several stress related amino acids may get induced more, leading to enhanced tolerance to stress. Therefore, amino acid metabolic changes play a key role in understanding the tolerance in plants against abiotic stress.
Hydroxyterminated polybutadiene (HTPB) based porous polyurethaneurea (PUU) membranes were prepare... more Hydroxyterminated polybutadiene (HTPB) based porous polyurethaneurea (PUU) membranes were prepared. The porosity was developed by incorporation of lithium chloride into polymer matrix with subsequent leaching of the same in hot water. Scanning electron microscopic analysis of the prepared membrane surfaces was performed. The pervaporation performance of the synthesized membrane was studied with aqueous 4-nitrophenol solution as feed. The effects of various parameters on 4-nitrophenol separation factor and total as well as 4-nitrophenol flux were studied. Polyurethaneurea membrane was found to permeate 4-nitrophenol selectively with high separation factors for the organic component. Pore size and number of pores on the surface of the membrane were calculated from SEM image of the membranes. Effects of pore size and porosity on pervaporation flux were also investigated.
Background Stroke is the second most common cause of death and disability worldwide. It is a mult... more Background Stroke is the second most common cause of death and disability worldwide. It is a multi-factorial disease influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Studies from the different ethnic regions of world have reported variable results on association of Apolioprotein E (APOE), Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (ENOS), Factor V Leiden (F5), Cytochrome P450 4F2 (CYP4F2), beta-fibrinogen and Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) gene in stroke. There has been substantial evidence from the European descent genetic studies showing that genetic risk of stroke varies as per specific subtypes of ischemic stroke. This study aims to test the hypothesis that above mentioned encoding gene polymorphisms are associated with stroke and to determine whether risk varies as per specific subtypes of stroke. Methods/Design The study design would be case–control study. Six hundred cases with diagnosis of stroke and 600 age and sex matched controls wil...
A mathematical model of isoelectric focusing at the steady state has been developed for an M-comp... more A mathematical model of isoelectric focusing at the steady state has been developed for an M-component system of electrachemically defined ampholytes. The model is formulated from fundamental principles describing the components' chemical equilibria, mass transfer resulting from diffusion and electromigration, and electroneutrality. The model consists of ordinary differential equations coupled with a system of algebraic equations. The model is implemented on a digital computer using FORTRAN-based simulation software. Computer simulation data are presented for several two-component systems showing the effects of varying the isoelectric points and dissociation constants of the constituents. I _ Introduction In isoelectric focusing (IEF) a stable "natural" pH gradient is created by electrophoretic migration of carrier ampholytes to stationary zones in the separation column. Ampholytic sample components introduced in the system distribute themselves on the pH gradient so that they exhibit concentration maxima at their respective isoelectric points. The initial theory of steady-state IEF is attributable to Svensson [I] and was developed in conjunction with the introduction of the technique_ Svensson addressed the one-component system, i.e., the concentration distribution of a pure end-component, and also the concentration distribution of an ampholytic component added to a system whose pH and conductance are known as a function of the distance along the separation axis. Subsequent considerations of the theory of IEF have commonly assumed stable linear pH and conductivity gradients [2-6] _ Such systems can be experimentally approximated as a result of * Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. M. Bier. Vesterberg's [7] development of a random mixture of carrier ampholytes, commercially introduced by LKB Produkter AB of Bromma, Sweden, under the tradename Ampholine. The wide applicability and ready availability of Ampholine and other similar products have assured the remarkable growth of various IEF techniques. Unfortunately, they have also dampened the stimulus for further development of the theory of steady state IEF, as their composition and electrochemical properties are unknown. The most advanced model hitherto available is due to Ahngren [8] _ Unfortunately, some of the simplifying assumptions have limited the applicability of this model. These assumptions were: (i) the mobilities of all components of the mixture, except hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, are identical: the ratio of hydrogen and hydroxyl ion mobilities to mobilities of the remaining species is constant, i.e., 7 and 3 respectively; (ii) the current density is proportional to the conductivity and the voltage gradient, i.e., the contribution of diffusional current is neglected. This latter assumption might be justitied in specific situations but is no: valid in many practical situations, particularly involv-0 301-4622/81/0000-0000/S 2.50 0 North-Holland Publishing Company
Abstract Emerging issues such as climate change, ozone layer depletion and global warming have dr... more Abstract Emerging issues such as climate change, ozone layer depletion and global warming have driven policy makers to put a cap on the emission of pollutants through various legislations. Policies and legislations are the most important instrument for the proper functioning of any sector of society. Through legislative framework and regulatory policies, the fissure between the 'natural environment' and 'human society' can be bridged, which is the need of the hour in order that sustainable development and protection of the environment can progress in parallel. Legislation serves as a valuable tool for educating institutions about their responsibility in maintaining a healthy environment. Legislation has already been put forth at national and international levels but its proper implementation and enforcement has gone unseen. Witnessing the present scenario, more stringent laws need to be framed, especially by global leaders. This chapter highlights the importance of laws and policies and their role in reducing air pollution. It also critically analyses various regulatory measures and policies in the most polluted countries of the world, and what has been achieved through treaties and conventions organized by the United Nations, such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Montreal Protocol.
International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development, 2020
This research was planned to ascertain to explore the relationship of self esteem towards life sa... more This research was planned to ascertain to explore the relationship of self esteem towards life satisfaction and emotional Intelligence amongst secondary school teachers of Mathura district (U.P.). The research employed normative survey method and convenience sampling technique for the purpose of investigation. The investigator used for measuring self
Background: A good research project may run the risk of rejection simply because the proposal is ... more Background: A good research project may run the risk of rejection simply because the proposal is poorly written. With the current challenges in funding, it appears essential for senior investigators to impart their grant proposal writing expertise to junior investigators. Objective: To determine if the perceived gain in research proposal writing skills is more in those with lower baseline skill than in those with higher baseline skill. Methods: A one day workshop on “How to Write a Research Grant Proposal” was organized in All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS). A total of 55 participants participated in the workshop. We received 36 completed evaluation forms out of 55 participants. All the participants were newly joined faculties of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. At the end of the workshop, pre-tested evaluation forms were distributed among the workshop participants consisting of eight questions. Statistical analysis of perceived improvement of ...
3D IC technology has demonstrated significant performance and power gains over 2D. However, for t... more 3D IC technology has demonstrated significant performance and power gains over 2D. However, for technology to be viable yield should be increased. Testing a complete 3D IC after stacking leads to an exponential decay in yield. Pre-bond tests are required to insure correct functionality of the die. In this work we propose a hypergraph based biased netlist partitioning scheme scheme for pre-bond testing of individual dies to reduce extra-hardware (flip-flops) required. Further reduction in hardware is achieved by a logic cone based flip-flop sharing scheme. Simulation results on ISCAS89 benchmark circuits and several industrial benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
... 4, Pt. A, spring, New York (1978) p.126. [14] Poonam Uniyal and KL Yadav, J. Alloys Compd. 49... more ... 4, Pt. A, spring, New York (1978) p.126. [14] Poonam Uniyal and KL Yadav, J. Alloys Compd. 492 (2010) 406. [15] Amit Kumar, KL Yadav, Hemant Singh, Ratnakar Pandu and P. Ravinder Reddy, Physica B 405 (2010) 2362. ...
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