Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences, 2019
Eczacı ve Hasta Arasındaki İletişimin Hastaların Gözünden Değerlendirilmesi Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma ... more Eczacı ve Hasta Arasındaki İletişimin Hastaların Gözünden Değerlendirilmesi Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Eczacıların sundukları hizmetlerin hasta gözünden değerlendirilmesidir. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön n-t te em ml le er r: : Araştırmanın örneklemini, Malatya'da rastgele seçilmiş yaş aralığı 20-65 yıl olan toplam 100 hasta oluşturmuştur. Hasta-eczacı iletişimini değerlendirmeye yönelik bir anket uygulanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen anket formu ve 4'lü likert ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi SPSS ver 20 Paket programı kullanılarak, ki-kare testi ile analiz edilmiştir. p<0,05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : Çalışma sonuçlarına göre eczacıların büyük çoğunluğunun hastaları ile iletişim kurarken anlaşılır bir dil kullandığı (%82), güler yüzlü ve ilgili olduğu (%89), dürüst ve güvenilir olduğu (%81) bulunmuştur. Hastaların ise büyük kısmının eczacısından memnun olduğu (%91), mahremiyete dikkat ettiği (%88) ve eczacısının hastalar arasında ayrım yapmadığı (%68) gözlenmiştir. Eczacıların hastaya verdikleri bilgileri tekrarlattırması (%17), sözlü iletişimin yanı sıra yazılı kaynaklar da sunması (%51), eczanelerinde bulunma sürelerine özen göstermesi (%46), eczanede hastanın kendini rahat ifade edebileceği bir mekânın bulunması (%47) eczacı-hasta iletişiminde geliştirilmesi gereken faktörler olarak sıralanabilmektedir. S So on nu uç ç: : Eczacıların hastaları ile kuracakları iletişimde geliştirmesi gereken yönler; ilaçların nasıl kullanılacağını hastalara tekrarlattırması, hastalarına sözlü bilgi vermenin yanı sıra yazılı doküman da sağlaması, hastalar arasında ayrım yapılmadığını hastanın düşünmesinin sağlanması, kadınların yanı sıra erkek hastaların da eczacılarına güvenmeleri ve çekinmeden konuşmalarının sağlanması, eczanede hastaların sorunlarını eczacı ile paylaşabilecekleri uygun bir mekânın bulunması olarak sıralanabilmektedir.
Although cadmium (Cd) and ethanol (Et-OH) induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) has been observed in n... more Although cadmium (Cd) and ethanol (Et-OH) induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) has been observed in numerous tissues, information on the combined effects of Cd and Et-OH on the primary target organs is still controversial. So the aim of this study was to determine whether intake of Et-OH (% 5-10 v/v in liquid diet for 8 weeks), could affect the level of lipid peroxides in rat liver treated with Cd (as a single i.p. dose of 3 mg/kg to rats). LPO was considered as an important mechanism in hepatic injury. lt was assessed by measurement of malonyldialdehyde (NIDA) using the method of Jamall and Smith. MDA levels of livers were significantly increase (p<0.001) for all treated groups relative to control. However, no significant change in comparison to Cd or Et-OH groups was observed in livers of Et-OH+ Cd treated group ( p>0.05). Our data suggest Et-OH does not enhance the Cd-İnduced LPO, and vice versa.
In this study, ameliorating effects of N-acetylcysteine, a potent free radical scavenger, and a d... more In this study, ameliorating effects of N-acetylcysteine, a potent free radical scavenger, and a diphenylpiperazine derivative calcium antagonist cinnarizine, useful for the treatment of neurological disorders besides cardiovascular, hepatic and renal diseases, on paraquat-induced oxidative stress were investigated. N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 50 mg/kg, i.p.) and cinnarizine (CIN, 200 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered one hour prior to the administration of paraquat (PQ, 40 mg/kg, i.p.). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and gluhathione (GSH) were determined as markers of oxidative stress. After PQ treatment, MDA levels, an index of lipid peroxidation, significantly increased in both brain and liver (p<O.OOl). Pretreatment with NAC and CIN prevented PQ-induced increases in MDA in brain (p<0.05) and in liver (p<O.OOl, p<0.05 respectively). Mice dosed with NAC show ed a significant increase in GSH levels in both tissues (p-cü.Gl ) compared to the group dosed with PQ only. On the other hand, the alteration in brain and liver GSH levels in CIN adrninistered group was not found meaningfull statistically.
Ankara Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Dergisi, 1999
In order to investigate the role of lipid peroxidation in the paracetamol and aspirin hepatotoxic... more In order to investigate the role of lipid peroxidation in the paracetamol and aspirin hepatotoxicity, toxic doses of paracetamol (500 mg/kg) and aspirin (200 mg/kg) were given IP to rats. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation, was tested in both plasma and liver. Plasma MDA levels were found to be 16.33 0.92 in control group, 24.25. 0.86 in paracetamol group and 20.27 0.73 nmol MDA/ml in aspirin group. Hepatic MDA levels were found to be 348 15.8 in control group, 425 8.17 in paracetamol group and 406. 10.27 nmol MDA/g wet weight in aspirin group. Paracetamol and aspirin caused significantly increases in MDA levels in both plasma and liver (p<0.05). According to our results, lipid peroxidation may conclude an indicator of paracetamol and aspirin hepatotoxicity.
Ankara Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Dergisi, 2010
We examined the tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), non-protein thiol (NP-SH)... more We examined the tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), non-protein thiol (NP-SH) and total thiol (T-SH) group levels in order to deduce the role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathway on nicotine-induced oxidative tissue damage. Wistar Albino male rats were divided into three groups: Group I; 0.9% saline (ip), Group II; nicotine ditartarate (1.5 mg/kg, ip), Grup III; celecoxib (15 mg/kg, ip)+nicotine ditartarate (1.5 mg/kg ip). At the end of the 7th day, liver, lung, kidney, heart and brain tissues were removed. Nicotine treatment significantly increased TBARS, NP-SH and T-SH levels in all tissues. However, celecoxib treatment prior the nicotine injection, significantly decreased the TBARS levels and T-SH contents in all tissues in addition to NP-SH content in kidney, liver, lung and brain compared to nicotine group. Nicotine treatment caused excessive production of free radicals and evoked the antioxidant molecules. However, inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 selectively prevented the nicotine-induced oxidative tissue damage dramatically. We concluded that, cyclooxygenase-2 pathway may be a notable mechanism of the nicotine toxicity.
Ethanol and benzo (a) benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P], third group treated with benzo(a)pyrene[B(a)P] plus... more Ethanol and benzo (a) benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P], third group treated with benzo(a)pyrene[B(a)P] plus ethanol (EtOH) and fourth group was given ethanol(EtOH). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), alanin aminotransferase (ALT), aspartat aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as well as histological examination were evaluated to demonstrate the liver response following administration of [B(a)P] and (EtOH
Hyperglycemia in diabetes causes cellular damage by increasing the level of reactive oxygen speci... more Hyperglycemia in diabetes causes cellular damage by increasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggering oxidative stress. 1,2 Free radical damage in diabetes causes extensive damage to the genetic material, thereby, leading to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strand breakage and the formation of micronucleus (MN) which are associated with carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. 3 Therefore, patients with diabetes are not only subjected to complications related with oxidative stress, but there is also the risk of
Herbal remedies have been used for thousands of years in worldwide traditional medicines for thei... more Herbal remedies have been used for thousands of years in worldwide traditional medicines for their potential health benefits. Although they are generally presumed safe unless a significant risk has been identified in humans, increasing number of case reports notify acute or chronic intoxications resulting from their use. This study aims to produce a scientific guide for the evaluation of traditional herbal medicines (THMs) in terms of their toxicity risks based on the published regulatory documents. For this purpose recommended in vitro and in vivo toxicity tests on medicinal products for human use issued by the international regulatory bodies are overviewed and they are then adopted to be used for the toxicity assessment of THMs. Accordingly, based on compilation of these issued regulations, the following tests are recommended for the toxicity assessment of THMs; in vitro cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, acute and repeated dose toxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive and developmental t...
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 2019
In the present study, we investigate the effects of atorvastatin on the lipid profile, oxidative ... more In the present study, we investigate the effects of atorvastatin on the lipid profile, oxidative stress, and liver enzyme markers, and its protective activity against diabetic complications, in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzyme activities, were measured 7 weeks after the administration of STZ and atorvastatin. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), non-protein associated sulfhydryl (NP-SH), total sulfhydryl (T-SH), and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured to evaluate oxidative stress. Atorvastatin was found to inhibit ALT and AST activities and to reduce FBG levels in rats with STZ-induced diabetes. Moreover, atorvastatin treatment significantly reduced lipid peroxidation in kidney, heart, and eye tissues (P < 0.001, for all), and resulted in a significant increase in NP-SH levels in brain tissues (P < 0.001). Total NO and nitrate levels increased significantly after atorvastatin treatment (P < 0.01). Our results revealed that atorvastatin has a protective effect against STZ-induced oxidative damage by reducing TBARS levels and increasing NP-SH levels, has a hepatoprotective effect by decreasing ALT and AST activities. It also shows the antihyperglycemic activity by lowering FBG levels.
Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences, 2019
Eczacı ve Hasta Arasındaki İletişimin Hastaların Gözünden Değerlendirilmesi Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma ... more Eczacı ve Hasta Arasındaki İletişimin Hastaların Gözünden Değerlendirilmesi Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Eczacıların sundukları hizmetlerin hasta gözünden değerlendirilmesidir. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön n-t te em ml le er r: : Araştırmanın örneklemini, Malatya'da rastgele seçilmiş yaş aralığı 20-65 yıl olan toplam 100 hasta oluşturmuştur. Hasta-eczacı iletişimini değerlendirmeye yönelik bir anket uygulanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen anket formu ve 4'lü likert ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi SPSS ver 20 Paket programı kullanılarak, ki-kare testi ile analiz edilmiştir. p<0,05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : Çalışma sonuçlarına göre eczacıların büyük çoğunluğunun hastaları ile iletişim kurarken anlaşılır bir dil kullandığı (%82), güler yüzlü ve ilgili olduğu (%89), dürüst ve güvenilir olduğu (%81) bulunmuştur. Hastaların ise büyük kısmının eczacısından memnun olduğu (%91), mahremiyete dikkat ettiği (%88) ve eczacısının hastalar arasında ayrım yapmadığı (%68) gözlenmiştir. Eczacıların hastaya verdikleri bilgileri tekrarlattırması (%17), sözlü iletişimin yanı sıra yazılı kaynaklar da sunması (%51), eczanelerinde bulunma sürelerine özen göstermesi (%46), eczanede hastanın kendini rahat ifade edebileceği bir mekânın bulunması (%47) eczacı-hasta iletişiminde geliştirilmesi gereken faktörler olarak sıralanabilmektedir. S So on nu uç ç: : Eczacıların hastaları ile kuracakları iletişimde geliştirmesi gereken yönler; ilaçların nasıl kullanılacağını hastalara tekrarlattırması, hastalarına sözlü bilgi vermenin yanı sıra yazılı doküman da sağlaması, hastalar arasında ayrım yapılmadığını hastanın düşünmesinin sağlanması, kadınların yanı sıra erkek hastaların da eczacılarına güvenmeleri ve çekinmeden konuşmalarının sağlanması, eczanede hastaların sorunlarını eczacı ile paylaşabilecekleri uygun bir mekânın bulunması olarak sıralanabilmektedir.
Although cadmium (Cd) and ethanol (Et-OH) induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) has been observed in n... more Although cadmium (Cd) and ethanol (Et-OH) induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) has been observed in numerous tissues, information on the combined effects of Cd and Et-OH on the primary target organs is still controversial. So the aim of this study was to determine whether intake of Et-OH (% 5-10 v/v in liquid diet for 8 weeks), could affect the level of lipid peroxides in rat liver treated with Cd (as a single i.p. dose of 3 mg/kg to rats). LPO was considered as an important mechanism in hepatic injury. lt was assessed by measurement of malonyldialdehyde (NIDA) using the method of Jamall and Smith. MDA levels of livers were significantly increase (p<0.001) for all treated groups relative to control. However, no significant change in comparison to Cd or Et-OH groups was observed in livers of Et-OH+ Cd treated group ( p>0.05). Our data suggest Et-OH does not enhance the Cd-İnduced LPO, and vice versa.
In this study, ameliorating effects of N-acetylcysteine, a potent free radical scavenger, and a d... more In this study, ameliorating effects of N-acetylcysteine, a potent free radical scavenger, and a diphenylpiperazine derivative calcium antagonist cinnarizine, useful for the treatment of neurological disorders besides cardiovascular, hepatic and renal diseases, on paraquat-induced oxidative stress were investigated. N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 50 mg/kg, i.p.) and cinnarizine (CIN, 200 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered one hour prior to the administration of paraquat (PQ, 40 mg/kg, i.p.). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and gluhathione (GSH) were determined as markers of oxidative stress. After PQ treatment, MDA levels, an index of lipid peroxidation, significantly increased in both brain and liver (p<O.OOl). Pretreatment with NAC and CIN prevented PQ-induced increases in MDA in brain (p<0.05) and in liver (p<O.OOl, p<0.05 respectively). Mice dosed with NAC show ed a significant increase in GSH levels in both tissues (p-cü.Gl ) compared to the group dosed with PQ only. On the other hand, the alteration in brain and liver GSH levels in CIN adrninistered group was not found meaningfull statistically.
Ankara Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Dergisi, 1999
In order to investigate the role of lipid peroxidation in the paracetamol and aspirin hepatotoxic... more In order to investigate the role of lipid peroxidation in the paracetamol and aspirin hepatotoxicity, toxic doses of paracetamol (500 mg/kg) and aspirin (200 mg/kg) were given IP to rats. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation, was tested in both plasma and liver. Plasma MDA levels were found to be 16.33 0.92 in control group, 24.25. 0.86 in paracetamol group and 20.27 0.73 nmol MDA/ml in aspirin group. Hepatic MDA levels were found to be 348 15.8 in control group, 425 8.17 in paracetamol group and 406. 10.27 nmol MDA/g wet weight in aspirin group. Paracetamol and aspirin caused significantly increases in MDA levels in both plasma and liver (p<0.05). According to our results, lipid peroxidation may conclude an indicator of paracetamol and aspirin hepatotoxicity.
Ankara Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Dergisi, 2010
We examined the tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), non-protein thiol (NP-SH)... more We examined the tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), non-protein thiol (NP-SH) and total thiol (T-SH) group levels in order to deduce the role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathway on nicotine-induced oxidative tissue damage. Wistar Albino male rats were divided into three groups: Group I; 0.9% saline (ip), Group II; nicotine ditartarate (1.5 mg/kg, ip), Grup III; celecoxib (15 mg/kg, ip)+nicotine ditartarate (1.5 mg/kg ip). At the end of the 7th day, liver, lung, kidney, heart and brain tissues were removed. Nicotine treatment significantly increased TBARS, NP-SH and T-SH levels in all tissues. However, celecoxib treatment prior the nicotine injection, significantly decreased the TBARS levels and T-SH contents in all tissues in addition to NP-SH content in kidney, liver, lung and brain compared to nicotine group. Nicotine treatment caused excessive production of free radicals and evoked the antioxidant molecules. However, inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 selectively prevented the nicotine-induced oxidative tissue damage dramatically. We concluded that, cyclooxygenase-2 pathway may be a notable mechanism of the nicotine toxicity.
Ethanol and benzo (a) benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P], third group treated with benzo(a)pyrene[B(a)P] plus... more Ethanol and benzo (a) benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P], third group treated with benzo(a)pyrene[B(a)P] plus ethanol (EtOH) and fourth group was given ethanol(EtOH). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), alanin aminotransferase (ALT), aspartat aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as well as histological examination were evaluated to demonstrate the liver response following administration of [B(a)P] and (EtOH
Hyperglycemia in diabetes causes cellular damage by increasing the level of reactive oxygen speci... more Hyperglycemia in diabetes causes cellular damage by increasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggering oxidative stress. 1,2 Free radical damage in diabetes causes extensive damage to the genetic material, thereby, leading to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strand breakage and the formation of micronucleus (MN) which are associated with carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. 3 Therefore, patients with diabetes are not only subjected to complications related with oxidative stress, but there is also the risk of
Herbal remedies have been used for thousands of years in worldwide traditional medicines for thei... more Herbal remedies have been used for thousands of years in worldwide traditional medicines for their potential health benefits. Although they are generally presumed safe unless a significant risk has been identified in humans, increasing number of case reports notify acute or chronic intoxications resulting from their use. This study aims to produce a scientific guide for the evaluation of traditional herbal medicines (THMs) in terms of their toxicity risks based on the published regulatory documents. For this purpose recommended in vitro and in vivo toxicity tests on medicinal products for human use issued by the international regulatory bodies are overviewed and they are then adopted to be used for the toxicity assessment of THMs. Accordingly, based on compilation of these issued regulations, the following tests are recommended for the toxicity assessment of THMs; in vitro cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, acute and repeated dose toxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive and developmental t...
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 2019
In the present study, we investigate the effects of atorvastatin on the lipid profile, oxidative ... more In the present study, we investigate the effects of atorvastatin on the lipid profile, oxidative stress, and liver enzyme markers, and its protective activity against diabetic complications, in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzyme activities, were measured 7 weeks after the administration of STZ and atorvastatin. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), non-protein associated sulfhydryl (NP-SH), total sulfhydryl (T-SH), and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured to evaluate oxidative stress. Atorvastatin was found to inhibit ALT and AST activities and to reduce FBG levels in rats with STZ-induced diabetes. Moreover, atorvastatin treatment significantly reduced lipid peroxidation in kidney, heart, and eye tissues (P < 0.001, for all), and resulted in a significant increase in NP-SH levels in brain tissues (P < 0.001). Total NO and nitrate levels increased significantly after atorvastatin treatment (P < 0.01). Our results revealed that atorvastatin has a protective effect against STZ-induced oxidative damage by reducing TBARS levels and increasing NP-SH levels, has a hepatoprotective effect by decreasing ALT and AST activities. It also shows the antihyperglycemic activity by lowering FBG levels.
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